Síndrome de Fournier: Reconstrução de bolsa testicular com retalho fasciocutâneo de região interna de coxa / Fournier gangrene: Reconstruction of the scrotal sac with a fasciocutaneous flap from the internal thigh region

INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome de Fournier é uma infecção multibacteriana de rápida progressão em região perineal. Seu tratamento inclui desbridamento, antibioticoterapia de amplo espectro e terapia com oxigênio em câmara hiperbárica. O desbridamento agressivo tipicamente resulta em perda da cobertura cutânea de toda bolsa escrotal, expondo ambos os testículos. No tratamento, é necessária a utilização de retalhos bem vascularizados para o reestabelecimento das funções. MÉTODO: Apresentamos a aplicação de um retalho fasciocutâneo, aproveitando a rica rede arterial da região interna da coxa para a reconstrução perineal, proposto por Ferreira et al., o qual permite o tratamento de amplos defeitos. CONCLUSÃO: O retalho descrito para reconstrução perineal é bastante versátil. Suas vantagens incluem a possibilidade de ser utilizado em diversas situações clínicas, baixo acometimento de gangrena na região doadora, reconstrução em único estágio e a espessura do retalho adequada para reconstrução desta região.

INTRODUCTION: Fournier gangrene is a rapidly progressing multi-bacterial infection in the perineal region. The treatment of this condition includes debridement, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, and oxygen therapy in a hyperbaric chamber. Aggressive debridement typically results in the loss of skin coverage of the entire scrotal sac, and the exposure of both testes. During treatment, it is essential to use well-vascularized flaps to ensure the recovery of function. METHOD: We describe the application of a fasciocutaneous flap-which takes advantage of the rich arterial network of the internal region of the thigh-in the perineal reconstruction method proposed by Ferreira et al. that allows for the treatment of large defects. CONCLUSION: The flap is quite versatile. Its advantages include its utility in various clinical situations, low risk of gangrene in the donor area, single-stage reconstruction, and adequate flap thickness for reconstruction.

Osteomielitis vertebral lumbar / Ostéomyélite vertébrale lombaire / Lumbar vertebral osteomyelitis

Se mostró la terapéutica médica y quirúrgica ante un caso con osteomielitis vertebral secundaria a discectomía, mediante el estudio observacional descriptivo en un paciente de 50 años de edad, afecto de hernia discal del 5to. espacio lumbar, a quien se le había practicado discectomía abierta; que ingresó a los 15 días con un cuadro doloroso lumbar e hipertermia de 39 °C.Se hizo una revisión actualizada del tema de osteomielitis vertebral y se expuso la terapéutica quirúrgica y antimicrobiana realizada al paciente. Luego de desbridamientos quirúrgicos seriados demandantes y secuenciales, así como de irrigación continua, se observó la resolución del cuadro infeccioso y del cuadro radicular que presentaba el paciente. En consulta externa se reflejó la negatividad de las investigaciones analíticas de infección a los 4 meses de evolución. Se concluyó que es importante ante los signos clínicos de infección (dolor, fiebre), realizar una tomografía axial computarizada en un paciente con discectomía abierta, para ver la repercusión ósea y operar lo antes posible. La modalidad de desbridamiento secuencial y demandante con una irrigación continua de solución salina fisiológica 0,9 por ciento con antibiótico sensible al microorganismo, da resultados satisfactorios(AU)

Surgical and medical therapy was shown in a case of vertebral osteomyelitis secondary to disectomy by means of a descriptive observational study conducted in a 50 years old patient affected by herniation of the fifth lumbar disk that had undergone open disectomy; who was admitted 15 days after this with a painful lumbar manifestation and hyperthermia of 39 °C. An updated review of the topic of vertebral osteomyelitis was made and the surgical and antimicrobial therapy followed in the patient was shown. After demanding sequential serial surgical debridements with continuous irrigation, the resolution of the infectious and radicular manifestation that the patient presented was observed. The negative impacts of the analytical investigations of infection were presented in the outpatient consultation after four months of evolution. It was concluded that, in the presence of clinical signs of infection such as pain and fever, it is important to indicate a CT-scan to a patient who had undergone open disectomy to observe the osseous percussion and operate on as soon as possible. The modality of demanding sequential serial surgical debridement with continuous irrigation with 0.9 percent physiological saline solution and a sensitive antibiotic to the microorganism gives satisfactory results(AU)

Une étude observationnelle descriptive d'un patient âgé de 50 ans, atteint de hernie discale du 5e espace lombaire et d'ostéomyélite vertébrale, après discectomie ouverte, a permis de montrer la thérapeutique médicale et chirurgicale à suivre dans ces cas. Ce patient avait été hospitalisé 15 jours auparavant avec un tableau douloureux lombaire et une hyperthermie de 39 °C. Après avoir fait une révision actualisée du sujet de l'ostéomyélite vertébrale, une thérapeutique chirurgicale et antimicrobienne a été proposée. Des débridements chirurgicaux sériés et séquentiels, ainsi qu'irrigation continue, ont assuré la résolution de l'infection et du syndrome radiculaire affectant le patient. En consultation externe, les examens ont été négatifs d'infection en 4 mois. On a conclu qu'il est important d'effectuer une tomographie axiale informatisée chez un patient traité par discectomie ouverte avec des signes cliniques d'infection tels que douleur et fièvre, afin de déceler des séquelles osseuses et d'opérer le plus rapide que possible. La technique de débridement séquentiel, avec irrigation continue par solution saline physiologique à 0,9 pourcent et antibiothérapie sensible au micro-organisme, a des résultats satisfaisants(AU)

Rhodotorula mucilaginosa as a cause of persistent femoral nonunion.

We present a case of postoperative infection which presented as nonunion fracture femur in a 30-year-old man due to Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. This is the first report of Rhodotorula infection in a patient with fracture nonunion. The patient underwent repeated surgical debridement and received intensive antibiotic therapy before the diagnosis was made. The diagnosis could have been made earlier if the fungal etiology had been suspected earlier. Early suspicion and diagnosis of infection with atypical yeasts could be under-reported because of difficulties in accurate diagnosis and a tendency of attributing isolates to specimen contamination.

Effect of epithelial debridement on human cornea proteoglycans

Corneal transparency is attributed to the regular spacing and diameter of collagen fibrils, and proteoglycans may play a role in fibrillogenesis and matrix assembly. Corneal scar tissue is opaque and this opacity is explained by decreased ultrastructural order that may be related to proteoglycan composition. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to characterize the proteoglycans synthesized by human corneal explants and to investigate the effect of mechanical epithelial debridement. Human corneas unsuitable for transplants were immersed in F-12 culture medium and maintained under tissue culture conditions. The proteoglycans synthesized in 24 h were labeled metabolically by the addition of 35S-sulfate to the medium. These compounds were extracted by 4 M GuHCl and identified by a combination of agarose gel electrophoresis, enzymatic degradation with protease and mucopolysaccharidases, and immunoblotting. Decorin was identified as the main dermatan sulfate proteoglycan and keratan sulfate proteoglycans were also prominent components. When the glycosaminoglycan side chains were analyzed, only keratan sulfate and dermatan sulfate were detected (~50 percent each). Nevertheless, when these compounds were 35S-labeled metabolically, the label in dermatan sulfate was greater than in keratan sulfate, suggesting a lower synthesis rate for keratan sulfate. 35S-Heparan sulfate also appeared. The removal of the epithelial layer caused a decrease in heparan sulfate labeling and induced the synthesis of dermatan sulfate by the stroma. The increased deposit of dermatan sulfate proteoglycans in the stroma suggests a functional relationship between epithelium and stroma that could be related to the corneal opacity that may appear after epithelial cell debridement