Epistemología de la investigación social / Epistemology of social research

INTRODUCCIÓN. La epistemología, rama de la filosofía que estudia el proceso de investigación y su producto el conocimiento científico, implica ámbitos de la ciencia con enfoque positivismo y postpositivismo, interpretativismo, teoría crítica; y, transcomplejo, cada uno de ellos con los elementos paradigmáticos de: ontología, epistemología y metodología, su conocimiento y aplicabilidad en los diferentes ámbitos es fundamental porque sus enfoques generan ciencia. OBJETIVO. Desarrollar capacidades intelectuales en bases contextuales y teóricas en epistemología de la investigación social, indispensables para el ejercicio profesional en el ámbito de la investigación científica y del conocimiento científico. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, con población y muestra conocida de 30 modalidades de publicación, periodo junio a julio 2020. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: fuentes secundarias de información bibliográfica validadas en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales. La técnica de observación fue en buscadores bibliográficos PUBMED, Scielo, Scopus, Diccionario de Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud y la Real Academia Española. La tarea de revisar la literatura de investigación comprendió la identificación, selección, análisis crítico, descripción escrita, interpretación, discusión y conclusión de la información que existe sobre la epistemología de la investigación social, tema, que se registró con aplicación de un gestor de referencias bibliográficas, tipo Microsoft Word. RESULTADOS. Se logró obtener capacidades intelectuales al estructurar la cronológica de la epistemología de la investigación social, del conocimiento científico y nuevas perspectivas para el ejercicio profesional en el ámbito de la investigación científica. CONCLUSIÓN. Las perspectivas se orientan a integrar paradigmas pasados y futuros con visión de transcomplejidad, espacios organológicos de una gran red, conformación de cibercomunidades de investigación, uso de método integrador, nuevo lenguaje en equipos multidisciplinarios, agentes como el foco principal de la teoridad epistémica en espacio, tiempo y la relación entre las cosas.

INTRODUCTION. Epistemology, a branch of philosophy that studies the research process and its product, scientific knowledge, involves areas of science focussed in with positivism and postpositivism, interpretivism, critical theory; and, transcomplex, each one of them with the paradigmatic elements of: ontology, epistemology and methodology, their knowledge and applicability in the different fields is fundamental because their approaches generate science. OBJECTIVE. Develop intellectual capacities on contextual and theoretical bases in the epistemology of social research, essential for professional practice in the field of scientific research and scientific knowledge. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Observational, descriptive study, with population and a known sample of 30 publication modalities, period June to July 2020. The inclusion criteria were: secondary sources of bibliographic information validated in the field of social sciences. The observation technique was in bibliographic search engines PUBMED, Scielo, Scopus, Dictionary of Descriptors in Health Sciences and the Royal Spanish Academy. The task of reviewing the research literature included the identification, selection, critical analysis, written description, interpretation, discussion and conclusion of the information that exists on the epistemology of social research, subject, which was registered with the application of a reference manager bibliographic, Microsoft Word type. RESULTS. Intellectual capacities were obtained by structuring the chronology of the epistemology of social research, scientific knowledge and new perspectives for professional practice in the field of scientific research. CONCLUSION. The perspectives are aimed at integrating past and future paradigms with a vision of transcomplexity, organological spaces of a large network, formation of research cyber communities, use of integrative method, new language in multidisciplinary teams, agents as the main focus of epistemic theory in space, time and the relationship between things.

Sistemas de pulido para restauraciones cerámicas. Revisión de la literatura / Polishing systems for ceramic restorations. Literature review

El pulido es un paso de suma importancia en el flujo de trabajo de las restauraciones cerámicas, después de realizado un ajuste con puntas o piedras diamantadas, ya que disminuye la rugosidad de las superficies tratadas. Esto repercute positivamente en las propiedades mecánicas y ópticas del material. Sin embargo, la poca literatura disponible acerca de este procedimiento hace que sea pasado por alto. Debido a esto, el presente articulo tuvo como objetivo realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre los diferentes protocolos de pulido para las diversas restauraciones cerámicas de mayor uso: Feldespática, disilicato de litio y zirconia en sus diferentes presentaciones. Se describen aspectos relevantes sobre el pulido mecánico, la rugosidad superficial y los sistemas de pulido actuales para cerámicas.

Polishing is an extremely important step in the workflow of ceramic restorations, after adjustment with diamond burs or stones, as it reduces the roughness of the treated surfaces. This has a positive impact on the mechanical and optical properties of the material; however, the limited literature available about this procedure makes it to be overlooked. Therefore, the aim of this article was to review the literature on the different polishing protocols for the most used ceramic restorations: Feldspathic, lithium disilicate and zirconia ceramics. Relevant aspects on mechanical polishing, surface roughness and current polishing systems for ceramics are described.

Exploration and practice on construction of Tibetan medicine prescription information database and knowledge discovery / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to explore the underlying framework and data characteristics of Tibetan prescription information. The information on Tibetan medicine prescriptions was collected based on 11 Tibetan medicine classics, such as Four Medical Canons(Si Bu Yi Dian). The optimal classification method was used to summarize the information structure of Tibetan medicine prescriptions and sort out the key problems and solutions in data collection, standardization, translation, and analysis. A total of 11 316 prescriptions were collected, involving 139 011 entries and 63 567 pieces of efficacy information of drugs in prescriptions. The information on Tibe-tan medicine prescriptions could be summarized into a "seven-in-one" framework of "serial number-source-name-composition-efficacy-appendix-remarks" and 18 expansion layers, which contained all information related to the inheritance, processing, origin, dosage, semantics, etc. of prescriptions. Based on the framework, this study proposed a "historical timeline" method for mining the origin of prescription inheritance, a "one body and five layers" method for formulating prescription drug specifications, a "link-split-link" method for constructing efficacy information, and an advanced algorithm suitable for the research of Tibetan prescription knowledge discovery. Tibetan medicine prescriptions have obvious characteristics and advantages under the guidance of the theories of "three factors", "five sources", and "Ro-nus-zhu-rjes" of Tibetan medicine. Based on the characteristics of Tibetan medicine prescriptions, this study proposed a multi-level and multi-attribute underlying data architecture, providing new methods and models for the construction of Tibetan medicine prescription information database and knowledge discovery and improving the consistency and interoperability of Tibetan medicine prescription information with standards at all levels, which is expected to realize the "ancient and modern connection-cleaning up the source-data sharing", so as to promote the informatization and modernization research path of Tibetan medicine prescriptions.

Licentîa hypomnema: reflections and perceptions in teacher education / Licentîa hypomnema: reflexões e percepções na formação de educadoras(es) / Licentîa hypomnema: reflexiones y percepciones en la formación del profesorado

Student protagonism is paramount in the knowledge construction process. In this paper, we discuss a didactic-pedagogical resource called licentîa hypomnema (LH), inspired in portfolios and learning diaries in which student-teachers record their understandings and reflections regarding pedagogical topics learned at University in a meta-learning process on learning about teaching. The initial context of the research was a Psychological Development and Teaching course, offered in the Teacher Education program at Universidade de Brasília (UnB). Two of the authors, then Literacy and Languages Teaching students, produced their LH and peer assessed each other during the course. In their annotations, the student-authors recorded two pedagogical situations related to the use of LH in their own teaching practices, causing an impact on their formative path. These materials consist of the data for analysis and discussion. Moreover, we discuss possible uses of reflexive writing in teacher education and other learning contexts. Producing a LH supports knowledge production and allows students to connect theory and practice, which consequently influences the student's teaching practice. Since LH is a didactic-pedagogical resource and not a close-ended tool, both the context and individuals who use it should be considered.(AU)

O protagonismo de estudantes tem grande importância no processo de construção do conhecimento. Neste artigo, discutimos um recurso didático-pedagógico chamado licentîa hypomnema (LH), inspirado em portfólios e diários de aprendizagem, isto é, estudantes de licenciatura escrevem suas compreensões e reflexões acerca de assuntos pedagógicos vistos na universidade em um processo de meta-aprendizagem sobre aprender a ensinar. O contexto inicial da pesquisa foi um curso de Desenvolvimento Psicológico e Ensino, ministrado em cursos de Licenciatura da Universidade de Brasília (UnB). Duas das autoras eram estudantes do curso de Letras, elas produziram seus LH, realizando avaliação por pares entre si durante o curso. As estudantes-autoras trouxeram em seus registros duas situações pedagógicas relacionadas ao uso desse recurso em suas próprias práticas de ensino que causaram um impacto em suas trajetórias formativas. São esses relatos que compõem os dados para análise e discussão. Além disso, procuramos discutir possíveis desdobramentos para o uso do recurso da escrita reflexiva na formação docente e em outros contextos de aprendizagem. A produção do LH fornece suporte para a produção de conhecimento e permite ao aluno conectar teoria e prática, o que, consequentemente, reverbera na prática de ensino do aluno. O LH é um recurso didático-pedagógico e não uma ferramenta fechada, portanto, tanto o contexto quanto as pessoas que o utilizam devem ser considerados.(AU)

El protagonismo de los estudiantes tiene gran importancia en el proceso de construcción del conocimiento. En este trabajo, discutimos un recurso didáctico-pedagógico llamado licentîa hypomnema (LH), que se inspira en diarios de aprendizaje, es decir, estudiantes de profesorado escriben sus comprensiones y reflexiones sobre temas pedagógicos aprendidos en la universidad, produciendo un proceso de meta-aprendizaje sobre aprender a enseñar. El contexto inicial de la investigación fue un curso de Desarrollo Psicológico y Enseñanza, impartido en el programa de Formación de Profesores de la Universidade de Brasília (UnB). Dos de las autoras eran alumnas de la carrera de Letras que produjeron sus LH y realizaron una evaluación por pares mutua durante el curso. Las estudiantes autoras plantearon en su LH dos situaciones pedagógicas relacionadas con el uso de este recurso en sus propias prácticas de enseñanza, causando un impacto en su trayectoria formativa. Estos materiales constituyen los datos para el análisis y la discusión en esta investigación. Buscamos discutir posibles desdoblamientos para el uso del recurso de la escritura reflexiva en la formación docente y en otros contextos de aprendizaje. La producción de este recurso da soporte a la producción de conocimiento y permite al estudiante conectar teoría y práctica, lo que consecuentemente repercute en su práctica docente. El LH es un recurso didáctico-pedagógico y no una herramienta cerrada, por lo tanto, se debe considerar tanto el contexto como las personas que lo utilizan.(AU)

Síndrome de burnout: conhecimento da equipe saúde do trabalhador / Burnout syndrome: occupational health team's knowledge / Síndrome de Burnout: conocimiento del equipo de la salud de el trabajador

Objetivo: investigar o conhecimento da equipe de Saúde do Trabalhador, sobre a Síndrome de Burnout. Métodos: pesquisa exploratória, qualitativa, realizada com nove trabalhadores de um hospital universitário. Aplicaram-se para a coleta de dados, um questionário e um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado, analisados por meio da técnica de Análise de conteúdo. Resultados: emergiram-se, pelo material empírico oriundo das entrevistas, as seguintes categorias: Conhecimento sobre a Síndrome de Burnout; Sinais e sintomas do burnout; Vulnerabilidade ocupacional para o desenvolvimento de Burnout; Consequências do burnout para a saúde do trabalhador. Conclusão: é imprescindível disseminar o conhecimento sobre o burnout entre os trabalhadores, para se propor estratégias eficazes de prevenção e promoção de saúde em um hospital universitário

Objective: to evaluate the knowledge of an occupational health team about Burnout Syndrome of a university hospital. Method: exploratory research, qualitative, perfomed with nine workers. A questionnaire and a semistructured interview script were used for data collection, analyzed through the technique of Content Analysis. Results: empirical material from the interviews emerged as follows: Knowledge about Burnout Syndrome; Signs and symptoms of burnout; Occupational vulnerability for the development of Burnout; Consequences of burnout for occupational health. Conclusion: it is imperative to disseminate knowledge about burnout among workers in order to propose effective strategies for prevention and health promotion in a university hospital

Objetivo: evaluar el conocimiento del equipo de enfermería obstétrica acerca del Síndrome de Burnout. Método: Investigación exploratoria, cualitativo, realizada con nueve trabajadores de un hospital universitário. Se aplicaron para la recolección de datos, un cuestionario y un guión de entrevista semiestructurado, analizados por medio de la técnica de Análisis de contenido. Resultados: se surgieron, por el material empírico oriundo de las entrevistas, las siguientes categorías: Conocimiento sobre el síndrome de Burnout; Signos y síntomas del burnout; Vulnerabilidad ocupacional para el desarrollo de Burnout; Consecuencias del burnout para la salud del trabajador. Conclusión: es imprescindible diseminar el conocimiento sobre el burnout entre los trabajadores, para proponer estrategias eficaces de prevención y promoción de salud en un hospital universitario

Florence Nightingale e a arte de enfermagem: texto e contexto da Inglaterra Vitoriana / Florence Nightingale y el arte de la enfermería: texto y contexto de la Inglaterra Victoriana / Florence Nightingale and the art of nursing: text and context of Victorian England

Resumo Objetivo refletir sobre a figura pública de Florence Nightingale, suas realizações, Reforma Sanitária e a criação da Escola de Enfermeiras, e compreender o nascimento da enfermagem como profissão. Método partiu-se da literatura de um quadro das pressões sociais que agiam sobre o comportamento individual de Florence Nightingale e dos marcos divisórios aparentes, que entendemos como a densidade das relações sócio-históricas, e o seu tempo social. Análise sócio-histórica da história de vida de Florence Nightingale e da literatura social de Charles Dickens. O marco temporal compreendeu da promulgação da New Poor Law (1.834) à revogação (1.601). Resultados Florence Nightingale foi uma mulher adiante do seu tempo que, contrariando as teorias do Darwinismo social de sua época, criou a profissão da enfermeira, e produziu uma clivagem na profissão definindo-a como ciência e arte. Conclusão e implicações para a enfermagem ao criar a figura emblemática da Dama da Lâmpada, Florence Nightingale gravou no cuidado de enfermagem, o zelo, o desvelo e a compaixão, aqui entendida como empatia e piedade com o sofrimento do outro acompanhada do desejo de minorá-lo, uma participação espiritual na dor do outro.

Resumen Objetivo reflexionar sobre la figura pública de Florence Nightingale, sus logros, Reforma Sanitaria y la creación de la Escuela de Enfermeras, y comprender el nacimiento de la enfermería como profesión. Método se partió de la literatura de un cuadro de las presiones sociales sobre el comportamiento individual de Florence Nightingale y de los marcos divisorios aparentes que se entiende como la densidad de las relaciones socio histórico y su tiempo social. Análisis socio histórico de la historia de vida de Florence Nightingale y de la literatura social de Charles Dickens. El marco temporal se comprendió entre la promulgación del New Poor Law en 1834 y su revocación promulgada en 1601. Resultados Florence Nightingale fue una mujer adelante a su tiempo que, contrariando las teorías del Darwinismo social de su época, creó la profesión de enfermera, y produjo una mirada embrionaria en la profesión definiéndola como ciencia y arte. Conclusión e implicaciones para la enfermería al crear la figura emblemática de la Dama de la Lámpara, Florence Nightingale registró en el cuidado de enfermería, el celo, el cuidado y la compasión, entendido aquí como empatía y piedad con el sufrimiento del otro acompañado del deseo de una disminución, una participación espiritual en el dolor del otro.

Abstract Objective to reflect on Florence Nightingale's public figure, her achievements, Health Care Reform and the creation of the School for Nurses, and understand the birth of nursing as a profession. Method a framework of the social pressures acting on Florence Nightingale's individual behavior and the apparent dividing marks, which we understand as the density of socio-historical relations, and her social time, was drawn from the literature. This is a socio-historical analysis of Florence Nightingale's life story and Charles Dickens' social literature. The time frame spanned from the enactment of the New Poor Law (1834) to the repeal (1601). Results Florence Nightingale was a woman ahead of her time who, going against the theories of social Darwinism of her time, created the nurse profession, and produced a divide in the profession by defining it as science and art. Conclusion and implications for nursing by creating the emblematic figure of the Lady of the Lamp, Florence Nightingale engraved in nursing care, zeal, devotion, and compassion, here understood as empathy and pity for the suffering of others accompanied by the desire to alleviate it, a spiritual participation in the pain of others.

Indicadores bibliométricos de la producción científica peruana en plantas medicinales / Bibliometric indicators of peruvian scientific output about medicinal plants

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir la producción científica sobre plantas medicinales con, al menos, un autor con filiación peruana publicada entre el 2000 y el 2019. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio bibliométrico mediante una búsqueda sistemática en la base de datos Scopus, de donde se seleccionaron artículos originales o comunicaciones breves sobre plantas medicinales que tuvieran, al menos, un autor con una filiación institucional peruana. Se describen las características de las publicaciones, instituciones, países y autores que participaron en estas investigaciones. Se calculó la proporción de colaboración internacional, el índice de transitoriedad, y las redes de colaboración institucional y de coautoria. Resultados: Se incluyeron 200 artículos originales publicados en 83 revistas, con una tendencia creciente, aunque irregular. La institución más productiva fue la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, y la revista en la que más se publicó fue Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Las redes de autoría y de colaboración institucional mostraron la influencia de la colaboración internacional en estas publicaciones (53,0%). Conclusiones: La producción científica peruana sobre plantas medicinales tiene una tendencia creciente, se concentra en ámbitos académicos universitarios y se publica en revistas de alto impacto, debido, en parte, al alto nivel de cooperación internacional existente.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the scientific output on medicinal plants published between 2000 and 2019 with at least one author with Peruvian affiliation. Materials and methods: A bibliometric study was carried out by conducting a systematic search in the Scopus database, from which original articles or short communications on medicinal plants that had at least one author with Peruvian institutional affiliation were selected. The characteristics of the publications, institutions, countries and authors who participated in this research are described. The ratio of international collaboration, the transience index, and the institutional and co-authorship collaboration networks were calculated. Results: A total of 200 original articles published in 83 journals were included. The quantity of articles showed an increasing, though irregular trend during the studied period. The most productive institution was the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, and the journal in which most of the articles were published was the Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Authorship and institutional collaboration networks showed the influence of international collaboration in these publications (53.0%). Conclusions: Peruvian scientific output on medicinal plants shows an increasing trend, observed mainly in academic university settings. The articles are published on high-impact journals, due in part to the high level of international cooperation.

Ginástica rítmica: perfil sobre a produção científica em periódicos da américa latina, caribe e países ibéricos / Rhythmic gymnastics: profile of scientific production in journals in latin america, the caribbean and iberian countries / Gimnasia rítmica: perfil sobre la producción científica en revistas científicas de américa latina, caribe y países ibéricos

Resumo A presente pesquisa visa mapear a produção do conhecimento sobre Ginástica Rítmica publicada em periódicos da América Latina, Caribe e Países Ibéricos. Para cumprir esse fim, foi escolhida a proposta de cunho exploratório descritivo, elencando-se artigos indexados nas seguintes bases de dados: Scielo, Lilacs e Medline acessados por meio da interface da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde e Redalyc. Ao fim, o estudo encontrou 48 artigos publicados em 27 periódicos diferentes, distribuídos no período de 2001-2017. A temática que mais despertou interesse nos pesquisadores é relativa ao treinamento, correspondendo a 41,67%. Apesar do predomínio do referido eixo, encontrou-se uma notória pluralidade epistemológica que contempla: saúde, aspectos psicológicos, aspectos educacionais e aspectos sociais, culturais e históricos. Conclui-se, portanto, a existência de um cenário auspicioso para uma área que pretende consolidar-se cientificamente, sendo necessária a crescente de estudos amparados nas demais maneiras de se abordar o esporte, ascendendo essas produções quantitativamente e qualitativamente.

Abstract This paper aims at mapping knowledge production of rhythmic gymnastics published in Latin American, Caribbean and Iberian journals. To this end, a descriptive exploratory proposal was chosen, listing articles indexed in the following databases: Scielo, Lilacs, and Medline, which were accessed through the interface of the Virtual Health Library and Redalyc. As a result, 48 articles were found in 27 different journals between 2001 and 2017. The most researched topic was training, corresponding to 41.67%. Despite the predominance of this axis, there was a notorious epistemological plurality including: health, psychological, educational, social, cultural, and historical aspects. Therefore, the existence of an auspicious scenario is concluded for an area that is looking for scientific consolidation. Further studies are needed based on other ways of approaching this sport, both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Resumen La presente investigación pretende mapear la producción del conocimiento sobre Gimnasia Rítmica publicada en periódicos de América Latina, Caribe y países ibéricos. Para cumplir este fin, se eligió la propuesta de cuño exploratorio descriptivo, enumerando artículos indexados en las siguientes bases de datos: Scielo, Lilacs y Medline accedidos por medio de la interfaz de la Biblioteca Virtual de la Salud y Redalyc. Al final, el estudio encontró 48 artículos publicados en 27 revistas científicas diferentes, distribuidos en el período de 2001-2017. La temática que más despertó interés en los investigadores es relativa al Entrenamiento, correspondiendo al 41,67%. A pesar del predominio de dicho eje, se encontró una notoria pluralidad epistemológica que contempla: salud, aspectos psicológicos, aspectos educativos, y aspectos sociales, culturales e históricos. Se concluye, por lo tanto, la existencia de un escenario auspicioso para un área que pretende consolidarse científicamente, siendo necesarios más estudios sobre este deporte desde otros enfoques, tanto en abordajes cuantitativos como cualitativos.

Análisis bibliométrico de la Revista Colombiana de Radiología / Bibliometric analysis of the Revista Colombiana de Radiología

Objetivos: Describir las estadísticas y los indicadores bibliométricos de la Revista Colombiana de Radiología desde su primer número, en 1989, hasta el último de 2018. Materiales y métodos: Se revisaron todos los números de la Revista tanto impresos como en versión digital. Se creó una base de datos en el software de referencias JabRef con todas las publicaciones encontradas. Cada referencia, aparte de la información de autores, volumen, número, año de publicación y resumen, contiene datos de filiación institucional, localización geográfica, tipo de publicación y tema. Por medio de un análisis estadístico simple se examinaron los indicadores de producción, como cantidad de publicaciones por número, año, autor, filiación institucional, localización geográfica, tópico y tipo de publicación. Para los indicadores bibliométricos de impacto se realizaron búsquedas de las citaciones sobre la producción de la revista en bases de datos y buscadores. Resultados: En total fueron 902 referencias. El año de más publicaciones fue el 2011 y el tipo de publicación más frecuente fue el de presentación de caso. Las áreas con más publicaciones fueron imagen corporal y neurorradiología. Las ciudades en Colombia con más publicaciones fueron Bogotá y Medellín. Las instituciones que más publicaron fueron la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio y la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá y Universidad El Bosque. Conclusiones: La Revista Colombiana de Radiología es la principal publicación sobre radiología en el país. La Revista cuenta con una considerable cantidad de publicaciones de diferente tipo y tema. Este análisis bibliométrico podrá servir de insumo para tomar decisiones respecto al futuro de la Revista

Objetivos: Describir las estadísticas y los indicadores bibliométricos de la Revista Colombiana de Radiología desde su primer número, en 1989, hasta el último de 2018. Materiales y métodos: Se revisaron todos los números de la Revista tanto impresos como en versión digital. Se creó una base de datos en el software de referencias JabRef con todas las publicaciones encontradas. Cada referencia, aparte de la información de autores, volumen, número, año de publicación y resumen, contiene datos de filiación institucional, localización geográfica, tipo de publicación y tema. Por medio de un análisis estadístico simple se examinaron los indicadores de producción, como cantidad de publicaciones por número, año, autor, filiación institucional, localización geográfica, tópico y tipo de publicación. Para los indicadores bibliométricos de impacto se realizaron búsquedas de las citaciones sobre la producción de la revista en bases de datos y buscadores. Resultados: En total fueron 902 referencias. El año de más publicaciones fue el 2011 y el tipo de publicación más frecuente fue el de presentación de caso. Las áreas con más publicaciones fueron imagen corporal y neurorradiología. Las ciudades en Colombia con más publicaciones fueron Bogotá y Medellín. Las instituciones que más publicaron fueron la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio y la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá y Universidad El Bosque. Conclusiones: La Revista Colombiana de Radiología es la principal publicación sobre radiología en el país. La Revista cuenta con una considerable cantidad de publicaciones de diferente tipo y tema. Este análisis bibliométrico podrá servir de insumo para tomar decisiones respecto al futuro de la Revista.

Stability and change in public health studies in Colombia and Mexico: an exploratory approach based on co-word analysis / Estabilidad y cambio en los estudios sobre salud pública realizados en Colombia y México: método exploratorio basado en el análisis de copalabras / Estabilidade e mudança nos estudos de saúde pública na Colômbia e no México: um enfoque exploratório com o uso de análise da coocorrência das palavras

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the level of stability or change in topic areas published by public health journals in Latin America and the Caribbean, using keywords and co-word analysis, in order to support evidence-based research planning. Methods Keywords were extracted from papers indexed in Scopus® that were published by the Revista de Salud Pública (RSP; Colombia), the Salud Pública de México (SPM; Mexico), and the Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública (RPMESP; Peru) for three periods: 2005 - 2007, 2008 - 2010, and 2011 - 2013. Co-word analysis was used to examine keywords extracted. Textual information was analyzed using centrality measures (inbetweenness and closeness). The hypothesis of stability/change of thematic coverage was tested using the Spearman's rho correlation coefficient. VOSviewer was used to visualize the co-word maps. Results A moderate level of change in thematic coverage was observed in 2005 - 2010, as evidenced by the correlation coefficients for two of the 3-year periods, 2005 - 2007 and 2008 - 2010: 0.545 for RSP and 0.593 for SPM. However, in 2008 - 2013, more keywords remained constant from one period to the next, given the size of the correlation coefficients for the last 3-year periods: 2008 - 2010 and 2011 - 2013: 0.727 for RSP and 0.605 for SPM. Conclusion The research hypothesis was partially accepted given that just two consecutive 3-year periods showed a statistically-significant degree of stability in thematic coverage in public health studies. In that sense, this study provides compelling evidence of the effectiveness of using a combined approach for examining the dynamics of thematic coverage: centrality measures for identifying the main keywords and visual inspection for detecting the structure of textual information.

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar el grado de estabilidad o cambio en los temas que se publican en las revistas de salud pública de América Latina y el Caribe, por medio del análisis de palabras clave y copalabras, a fin de sustentar la planificación de investigaciones basadas en la evidencia. Métodos Se extrajeron las palabras clave de los artículos indizados en Scopus® publicados por tres revistas —Revista de la Salud Pública (RSP; Colombia), Salud Pública de México (SPM; México) y Revista Peruana de la Salud y de Medicina Experimental Pública (RPMESP; Perú)— en tres períodos: 2005-2007, 2008-2010 y 2011-2013. Se usó el análisis de copalabras para examinar las palabras clave extraídas. Se analizó la información textual aplicando diversas medidas de centralidad (intermediación y proximidad). Se puso a prueba la hipótesis de estabilidad o cambio de la cobertura temática usando el coeficiente de correlación rho de Spearman. Se usó VOSviewer para visualizar los mapas de copalabras. Resultados En el período 2005-2010 se observó un nivel moderado de cambios en la cobertura temática, como lo demuestran los coeficientes de correlación correspondientes a dos períodos trianuales (2005-2007 y 2008-2010): 0,545 en RSP y 0,593 en SPM. En cambio, en el período 2008-2013 un mayor número de palabras clave se mantuvo constante de un período al siguiente, considerando la magnitud de los coeficientes de correlación de los últimos períodos trianuales: 2008-2010 y 2011-2013: 0,727 en RSP y 0,605 en SPM. Conclusiones La hipótesis de investigación fue aceptada parcialmente considerando que solo en dos períodos trianuales consecutivos se observó una estabilidad estadísticamente significativa en la cobertura temática de los artículos sobre salud pública. En ese sentido, el presente estudio aporta datos convincentes sobre la eficacia de usar un enfoque combinado para examinar la dinámica de la cobertura temática: medidas de centralidad para determinar las principales palabras clave e inspección visual para determinar la estructura de la información textual.

RESUMO Objetivo Determinar o nível de estabilidade ou mudança em áreas de tópicos publicadas por periódicos de saúde pública na América Latina e no Caribe, com o uso de palavras-chave e da análise da coocorrência das palavras, para apoiar o planejamento de pesquisas com fundamentação científica. Métodos As palavras-chave foram extraídas de artigos indexados na Scopus® publicados na Revista de Salud Pública (RSP, Colômbia), Salud Pública de México (SPM, México) e Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública (RPMESP, Peru) em três triênios distintos: 2005-2007, 2008-2010 e 2011-2013. Foi usada a análise da coocorrência das palavras para analisar as palavras-chave extraídas. Informação textual foi analisada com o uso de medidas de centralidade (intermediação e proximidade). A hipótese de estabilidade/mudança da cobertura temática foi testada com o uso do coeficiente de correlação (rho) de Spearman e o programa VOSviewer foi usado para visualizar os mapas de coocorrência das palavras. Resultados Um nível moderado de mudança na cobertura temática foi observado no período de 2005-2010, como evidenciado pelos coeficientes de correlação em dois dos triênios estudados (2005-2007 e 2008-2010): 0,545 para RSP e 0,593 para SPM. Porém, no triênio de 2008-2013, verificou-se que um número maior de palavras-chave continuou constante de um período ao outro, como demonstrado pelos coeficientes de correlação para os últimos triênios (2008-2010 e 2011-2013): 0,727 para RSP e 0,605 para SPM. Conclusões A hipótese de pesquisa foi parcialmente aceita visto que somente dois triênios consecutivos apresentaram um nível estatisticamente significativo de estabilidade na cobertura temática em estudos de saúde pública. O presente estudo fornece evidências convincentes da efetividade de usar um enfoque combinado para examinar a dinâmica da cobertura temática: medidas de centralidade para identificar as principais palavras-chave e inspeção visual para detectar a estrutura da informação textual.

Characteristics of the similarity index in a Korean medical journal / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Journal editors have exercised their control over submitted papers having a high similarity index. Despite widespread suspicion of possible plagiarism on a high similarity index, our study focused on the real effect of the similarity index on the value of a scientific paper. METHODS: This research examined the percent values of the similarity index from 978 submitted (420 published) papers in the Korean Journal of Anesthesiology since 2012. Thus, this study aimed to identify the correlation between the similarity index and the value of a paper. The value of a paper was evaluated in two distinct phases (during a peer-review process vs. after publication), and the value of a published paper was evaluated in two aspects (academic citation vs. social media appearance). RESULTS: Yearly mean values of the similarity index ranged from 16% to 19%. There were 254 papers cited at least once and 179 papers appearing at least once in social media. The similarity index affected the acceptance/rejection of a paper in various ways; although the influence was not linear and the cutoff measures were distinctive among the types of papers, both extremes were related to a high rate of rejection. After publication, the similarity index had no effect on academic citation or social media appearance according to the paper. CONCLUSIONS: The finding suggested that the similarity index no longer had an influence on academic citation or social media appearance according to the paper after publication, while the similarity index affected the acceptance/rejection of a submitted paper. Proofreading and intervention for finalizing the draft by the editors might play a role in achieving uniform quality of the publication.

Searching Medical Literature Effectively / 한양의대학술지

To make updated and unbiased answers to a clinical question, it is essential to effectively and efficiently search the medical literature. The goal of medical literature searching is comprehensive and transparent and is a replicable procedure to get correct conclusions to the question. To do this, each user should make well formulated clinical questions, and have knowledge on what specific characteristics each database has. There are several readily accessible English databases that provide literature information including PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL. The Korean medical literature database including Koreamed and KMBase are also available. Users can search information through formulated search terms such as in MeSH in Pubmed. Skills in finding and using search terms are essential in effective searching. Also knowledge on using filters is frequently needed to search database quickly for articles on several study designs. After running a search in the database, one needs to retrieve search results effectively. In comprehensive literature search, especially for writing a systematic review, one needs to include literature to overcome and minimize publication bias. This process often requires searching in gray literature, and the common types and sources of publication bias are described. Finally, we need to constantly validate search results, and revise the search through a continuous process. In this article, the basic concepts and procedures of searching medical literature are described.

Transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade: um recorte da produção científica recente / Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a snippet of the recent scientific production

Este estudo caracteriza-se como pesquisa bibliográfica, que teve como objetivos realizar um levantamento de artigos publicados no Brasil nos últimos 5 anos sobre o Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH), bem como verificar a formação profissional dos autores desses artigos e a quantidade de publicações de psicopedagogos. A metodologia adotada consistiu em, inicialmente, realizar uma revisão de literatura, a fim de obter informações sobre o transtorno. Posteriormente, foi realizada uma pesquisa na base de dados SciELO e na Revista Psicopedagogia, buscando artigos sobre o transtorno, publicados nos anos de 2009 a 2013. Em seguida, foi realizada uma análise observando-se a formação acadêmica dos autores dos artigos e foi feita uma síntese de cada artigo. Por último, foi observada a quantidade de artigos publicados por psicopedagogos no período pesquisado. Os resultados encontrados indicaram que, durante o período, foram publicados 56 artigos, sendo 50 destes na base de dados SciELO e 6 na Revista Psicopedagogia. Constatou-se uma pequena quantidade de publicações de psicopedagogos no período, visto que foram encontrados apenas 5 artigos, sendo 2 artigos publicados na base de dados SciELO e 3 na Revista Psicopedagogia. Sugere-se que psicopedagogos realizem mais pesquisas sobre TDAH e publiquem seus estudos, o que poderia contribuir para o aprimoramento dos conhecimentos e das possíveis formas de intervenção, tanto na clínica como na escola, com crianças e adolescentes que apresentam o transtorno, bem como com seus professores e familiares...

This study is characterized as a bibliographic research that had as objectives to realize a review of articles published in the Brazil on the last 5 years about the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), to see the professional formation of the authors of these articles and the quantity of publications by psychopedagogues. The methodology applied was, initially, to realize a review of literature for to get informations about the disorder. Later was realized a research on the SciELO database and on the Revista Psicopedagogia (Psychopedagogy Journal), looking for articles about the disorder, published in the years 2009 to 2013. Next, was realized a analysis looking the academic formation of the authors of the articles and was done a synthesis of each article. Last, was observed the quantity of articles published on the period researched. The results found showed that during the period were published 56 articles, being 50 of these on the SciELO database and 6 on the Revista Psicopedagogia. Was verified a few articles published by psychopedagogues on the period, because was found only 5 articles, being 2 articles published on the SciELO database and 3 on the Revista Psicopedagogia. It was suggested that psychopedagogues realizes more researches about ADHD and publishes their studies, what could to contribute for the improvement of the knowledge and of the possibilities of intervention, on the clinic and on the school, with children and teenagers who presents the disorder, and also with their teachers and family...

La investigación científica en tuberculosis: Evaluación bibliométrica de las contribuciones de la literatura colombiana / Scientific research in tuberculosis: bibliometric assesment of the colombian contributions to the literature

Introducción: La tuberculosis (TB) es un importante problema de salud tanto a nivel mundial como también en Colombia, por lo cual se requiere intensificar más acciones en salud y en investigación. Se realizó una evaluación bibliométrica de las contribuciones de la literatura colombiana sobre TB con el objeto de determinar el nivel de producción en la materia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de producción colombiana en TB en las bases MEDLINE/ GOPUBMED (1809-2012), Scopus (1959-2012), SciELO Colombia (20042012) e IMBIOMED (2005-2012). Se incluyen todos los tipos de estudios, caracterizándolos por años, cooperación internacional (CI), ciudad de origen de la publicación (COP), revista de publicación (RP) y autores con mayor contribución (AMC). Resultados: En MEDLINE, se encontraron 232 artículos (0,12% del total en TB, 0,49/100.000 hab.), de los cuales 52,2% fueron 20052012, promedio 2007-2011 de 19,6±5,1. La CI se observó en 21,9%. Bogotá, Medellín y Cali publicaron 65,52% de los artículos, 16,4% en Biomédica, 5,2% en Revista de Salud Pública y 4,3% en IJTLD. En MEDLINE el AMC es Luís F. García (Universidad de antioquia). En scopus los resultados son similares a MEDLINE (n=168, 0,08%). En SciELO sólo existen 29 registros (de 30) y en IMBIOMED 35 (de 513, 6,8%). Discusión: La producción científica en TB en Colombia es baja, no solo al compararla con países desarrollos (EUA, 4,08 artículos/100.000 hab.) sino con otros en América Latina incluso de menor incidencia como chile (19 casos/100.000 hab.) pero con una productividad 2,2 veces mayor (1,09 artículos/100.000 hab.). Un mayor fomento de la investigación, desde pregrado, una mayor interacción entre organismos públicos y privados, así como mayor cooperación académica e internacional, podrían permitir disminuir dichas brechas, incrementar la publicación científica y que la aplicación de dichos conocimientos generados en el propio país contribuya a mejorar la epidemiología y los diferentes aspectos de la enfermedad.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an important public health problem, globally as well in Colombia. For these reasons more actions in health and research should be intensified. A bibliometric assessment of the colombian contributions to the biomedical literature on TB with the objective to determinate the level of production on it was done. Methods: Bibliometric study of the colombian production on TB in the databases MEDLINE/GOPUBMED (1809-2012), SCOPUS (1959-2012), SCIELO Colombia (2004-2012) and IMBIOMED (2005-2012). Ah kind of studies, analyzing by years, international cooperation (IC), publication origin city (POC), publication journal (PJ) and authors with more contribution (AMC) were included. Results: at MEDLINE, 232 articles were found (0.12% from the total on TB, 0.49/100,000 hab.), from them 52.2% were 2005-2012, mean 2007-2011 of 19.6±5.1. IC was recorded in 21.9%. Bogotá, Medellín and Cali published 65.52% of the articles, 16.4% at Biomédica, 5.2% at Revista de Salud Pública and 4.3% at IJTLD. At MEDLINE the AMC was Luís F. García (Universidad de Antioquia). At SCOPUS results were similar to MEDLINE (n=168, 0.08%). At SciELO only 29 records were found (out of 30) and at IMBIOMED 35 (of 513, 6.8%). Discussion: scientific production on TB in Colombia is low, not just comparing it with developed countries (UsA, 4.08 articles/100,000 hab.) but also with others in Latin America with even lower TB incidence such as Chile (19 cases/100,000 hab.) but with a better productivity 2.2 times higher (1.09 articles/100,000 hab.). A higher promotion of research, beginning in undergraduate studies, better interaction between public and private organizations, as well more academic and international cooperation, would allow to decrease those gaps, increase scientific publication and let that the application of that generated knowledge in the same country contribute to improve the TB epidemiology and different aspects of disease.

Meta-analysis of post-transfusion necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To quantitatively assess the association between transfusions and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Both Chinese and English literature published from Jan. 1985 to Nov. 2011 about the case-control study of the association between transfusions and neonatal NEC were retrieved by searching the electronic resource databases. A meta-analysis was then performed on the comparison and synthesis of findings from included studies. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using RevMan 5.0 software. Sensitivity analysis was conducted and possible publication bias was tested as well.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A total of 7 case-control studies (480 blood transfusion cases, 2845 control cases) were included. The meta-analysis with a random-effects model found a pooled OR of 3.35 (95% CI: 1.54-7.27). Sensitivity analysis showed that OR for post-transfusion NEC within 48 h was 4.21 (95% CI: 2.17-8.16). The OR was 4.29 (95% CI: 1.39-13.24) after factors such as gestational age and birth weight were de-confounded. The fail-safe number was 263.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Blood transfusion can increase the risk of NEC in neonates. The clinical application of this conclusion should be cautious due to limited reports. High-quality randomized control trials are still needed for the further proof of the association between blood transfusion and neonatal NEC.</p>

Pharmacogenomics of pediatric asthma.

CONTEXT: Asthma is a complex disease with multiple genetic and environmental factors contributing to it. A component of this complexity is a highly variable response to pharmacological therapy. Pharmacogenomics is the study of the role of genetic determinants in the variable response to therapy. A number of examples of possible pharmacogenomic approaches that may prove of value in the management of asthma are discussed below. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A search of PubMed, Google scholar, E-Medicine, BMJ and Mbase was done using the key words “pharmacogenomics of asthma”, “pharmacogenomics of β-agonist, glucocorticoids, leukotriene modifiers, theophylline, muscarinic antagonists in asthma”. RESULTS: Presently, there are limited examples of gene polymorphism that can influence response to asthma therapy. Polymorphisms that alter response to asthma therapy include Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu, Thr164Ile for β-agonist receptor, polymorphism of glucocorticoid receptor gene, CRHR1 variants and polymorphism of LTC4S, ALOX5. Polymorphic variants of muscarinic receptors, PDE4 and CYP450 gene variants. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that genetic variation can improve the response to asthma therapy. However, no gene polymorphism has been associated with consistent results in different populations. Therefore, asthma pharmacogenomic studies in different populations with a large number of subjects are required to make possible tailoring the asthma therapy according to the genetic characteristic of individual patient.

Benefits of urinalysis.

Objective. In the pilot Iran school screening programme, the minimal cost of screening dipstick urinalysis in 1601 asymptomatic school children was determined. Methods. The cost of screening dipstick urinalysis was calculated by reviewing the literature for the prevalence of asymptomatic proteinuria, hematuria, bacteriuria, and glucosuria determined by an initial dipstick urinalysis.The minimal cost utilizing data of 3 general physicians was calculated. Costs were determined by using current charge for supplies ordered to perform tests, charges for tests performed by a commercial laboratory, and the cost of a final evaluation by a pediatric nephrologist. Results. 4.7% (76/1601) of patients were calculated to have an initial abnormal urinalysis. Upon retesting 1.37% (22/1601) of patients were calculated to have a persistent abnormality. The calculated cost was 167$ to initially screen all 1601pateints with a dipstick urinalysis or 0.092$ per patient. The calculated cost to evaluates the 22 patients with any persistent abnormality on repeat dipstick urinalysis was 0.02$ or 0.001$ per patient. This is the calculated cost for a single screening of 1601 asymptomatic pediatric patients. Conclusion. Multiple screening dipstick urinalysis in asymptomatic pediatric is costly and should be discontinued. We propose that a single screening dipstick urinalysis be obtained at school entry age, between 6 and 7 years, in all asymptomatic children.