B-type natriuretic peptide levels and diagnostic accuracy: excess fluid volume / Niveles del péptido natriurético tipo B y precisión diagnóstica: volumen de líquidos excesivo / Níveis do peptídeo natriurético tipo B e acurácia diagnóstica: volume de líquidos excessivo

ABSTRACT Aim: To analyze the behavior of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the presence of defining characteristics (DCs) of the nursing diagnosis Excess fluid volume (00026) in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure. Methods: Cohort study of patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure (September 2015 to September 2016) defined by Boston Criteria. Patients hospitalized for up to 36 h with BNP values ≥ 100 pg/ml were included; BNP values at baseline-final assessment were compared by Wilcoxon test, the number of DCs at baseline-final assessment was compared by paired t-test. Results: Sixty-four patients were included; there was a significant positive correlation between delta of BNP and the number of DCs present at initial clinical assessment. Conclusions: The behavior of BNP was correlated to the DCs indicating congestion. With clinical compensation, DCs and BNP decreased. The use of this biomarker may provide additional precision to the nursing assessment.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el comportamiento del péptido natriurético tipo B (BNP) en presencia de características definitorias (CD) del diagnóstico de enfermería Exceso de volumen de líquidos (00026) en pacientes hospitalizados por insuficiencia cardíaca aguda descompensada (ICAD). Métodos: Estudio de cohorte de pacientes ingresados ​​con ICAD (septiembre/2015 a septiembre/2016).Se incluyeron pacientes hospitalizados hasta 36 h con valores de BNP ≥ 100 pg / ml; Los valores de BNP en la evaluación inicial basal se compararon mediante la prueba de Wilcoxon, el número de CD en la evaluación inicial basal se comparó mediante el Test-T apareado. Resultados: Se incluyeron 64 pacientes; hubo una correlación positiva significativa entre el delta del BNP y las CD presentes en la evaluación clínica inicial. Conclusiones: El comportamiento del BNP se correlacionó con las CD que indican congestión. Con compensación clínica, las CD y el BNP disminuyeron. El uso del BNP puede proporcionar precisión adicional a la evaluación de enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o comportamento do peptídeo natriurético tipo B (BNP) na presença de características definidoras (CDs) do diagnóstico de enfermagem Excesso de volume de líquidos (00026) em pacientes hospitalizados por insuficiência cardíaca descompensada. Métodos: Estudo de coorte com pacientes internados com insuficiência cardíaca descompensada (setembro-2015 a setembro-2016), definida pelos Critérios de Boston. Pacientes hospitalizados por mais de 36 horas, valor de BNP ≥ 100 pg/ml foram incluídos; valores de BNP basal-final foram comparados pelo teste Wilcoxon; as CDs no basal-final foram comparadas pelo teste t pareado. Resultados: Sessenta e quatro pacientes foram incluídos; houve correlação positiva significativa entre o delta de BNP com o número de CDs presentes na avaliação clínica inicial. Conclusões: O comportamento do BNP foi correlacionado com as CDs, indicando congestão. Com a compensação clínica, as CDs e a concentração de BNP diminuíram. O uso deste biomarcador pode fornecer precisão adicional à avaliação de enfermagem.

Electrolyte Imbalance in Cataract Patients.

100 cataract patients of IGGMC attending Biochemistry OPD for routine Blood sugar, were estimated for serum electrolyte level i.e. Sodium, Potassium level and compared with normal healthy age related ( 50-70 yrs) control by t test. Plasma Glucose level (to rule out Diabetes) and serum Creatinine (to rule out renal disorder) in both cases and control were also studied. Result of our study shows Elevation in serum Na level in cataract pts mean 148.52 + /-4.13 meq/lt compared to control mean 139.26 +/-3.08 meq/lt (p value 0.001) which is significantly high. Normal Serum Na level is required to maintain proper water electrolyte balance across lens membrane that in turn is also responsible for maintaining lens membrane permeability. Elevation in serum Na level in cataract pts may result into its further increase in aqueous humor of lens which may lead to osmotic imbalance across lens membrane and aggravate, progression of disease. We conclude that salt restricted Diet must be advised in Cataract patients so as to maintain normal electrolyte balance which may prevent further progression of disease.

effects of salinity on growth and germination of wheat embryos

Selected genotype of wheat [Triticum aestivum L] progeny line W4909 [salt tolerance] was used In this study. Wheat embryos were grown and subjected to different concentrations of NaCl [0,50,100,150 and 200 mM] in Gzapek Agar [GZ] solid media. The results shown that total length, fresh weight and water content of wheat seedling decreased as the NaCl concentrations increased. Dry weight and total protein content also increased in wheat seedling that exposed to moderate [100 mM] and severe [150 mM] NaCl stress respectively. Furthermore, protoplasm desiccation appeared in the cells of wheat seedling that grown up to 150 mM Nad It can be concluded that embryos of progeny lines W4909 was tolerant to NaCl stress and were grown successfully in salty media up to 150 mM NaCl even thought the seedlings show a decrease in growth parameters

Experimental antegrade enema: effects on water, electrolyte and acid-base balances with different solutions

PURPOSE: To study the effects on the water, electrolyte, and acid-base balances in rabbits submitted to antegrade enema with different solutions through appendicostomy. METHODS: Forty male New Zealand rabbits were submitted to appendicostomy, and distributed in 4 groups, according to the antegrade enema solution: PEG group, polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution (n=10); ISS group, isotonic saline solution (n=10); GS group, glycerin solution (n=10); SPS group, sodium phosphate solution (n=10). After being weighed, arterial blood gas analysis, red blood count, creatinine and electrolytes were measured at 4 times: preoperatively (T1); day 6 postop, before enema (T2); 4h after enema (T3); and 24h after T3 (T4). RESULTS: In PEG group occurred Na retention after 4h, causing alkalemia, sustained for 24h with HCO3 retention. In ISS group occurred isotonic water retention and hyperchloremic acidosis after 4h, which was partially compensated in 24h. GS group showed metabolic acidosis after 4h, compensated in 24h. In SPS group occurred hypernatremic dehydration, metabolic acidosis in 4h, and hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and metabolic alkalosis with partially compensated dehydration in 24h. CONCLUSIONS: All solutions used in this study caused minor alterations on water, electrolyte or acid-base balances. The most intense ones were caused by hypertonic sodium phosphate solution (SPS) and isotonic saline solution (ISS) and the least by polyethyleneglycol electrolyte solution (PEG) and glycerin solution 12 percent (GS).

OBJETIVO: Estudar os efeitos no equilíbrio hídrico, eletrolítico e ácido-base, do enema anterógrado com diferentes soluções em coelhos através de apendicostomia. MÉTODOS: 40 coelhos Nova Zelândia, machos, submetidos a apendicostomia, distribuídos em quatro grupos segundo a solução de enema: grupo PEG (n = 10) solução de polietilenoglicol com eletrólitos; grupo SF (n = 10) solução fisiológica; grupo SG (n = 10) solução glicerinada; grupo FS (n = 10) solução de fosfato de sódio. Realizou-se pesagem, gasometria arterial, série vermelha, creatinina e ionograma, em quatro tempos: TI (pré-operatório); T2 (6o PO antes do enema); T3 (4h após enema); T4 (24h após T3). RESULTADOS: No PEG ocorreu retenção de Na em 4h, com alcalemia por retenção de HCO3, mantida por 24h. No SF ocorreu retenção hídrica isotônica e acidose hiperclorêmica em 4h, resolvidos parcialmente com 24h. No SG ocorreu acidose metabólica hiperclorêmica em 4h, compensada com 24h. No FS ocorreu desidratação hipenatrêmica, acidose metabólica com ânion gap elevado em 4h, hipopotassemia, hipocalcemia, hipomagnesemia e alcalose metabólica com recuperação parcial da desidratação em 24h. CONCLUSÕES: Todas as soluções empregadas neste estudo causam alterações de pouca intensidade no equilíbrio hídrico, eletrolítico ou ácido-base. As mais intensas foram causadas pela solução de fosfato de sódio e solução fisiológica, e as menos intensas pela solução de polietilenoglicol com eletrólitos e solução glicerinada.

Correction of serum electrolyte imbalance prevents cardiac arrhythmia during amphotericin B administration.

Arrhythmias and cardiac arrest have been reported during amphotericin B administration but no effective technique has been described to prevent them. I saw two patients with kala-azar resistant to sodium stibogluconate who developed cardiac arrest after amphotericin infusion (in spite of tolerating a test dose). Both had low levels of serum sodium, potassium and calcium. After these were corrected the amphotericin B was restarted and the course of treatment completed successfully. I suggest that prior to giving amphotericin B to patients with resistant kala-azar their electrolyte imbalance should be corrected.