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1.
Rev. méd. Hosp. José Carrasco Arteaga ; 9(2): 170-175, Julio 2017. Tablas, Gráficos
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1010098

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los niños con desnutrición presentan una mayor vulnerabilidad a la adquisición de múltiples enfermedades en relación con aquellos que cuentan una nutrición adecuada. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de infecciones respiratorias agudas y su asociación con la desnutrición en pacientes menores de 5 años. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal realizado en el Centro de Salud de Cuchil, en el cantón Sigsig durante el año 2016; se incluyeron 373 niños menores a 5 años. Se tomaron los datos de peso y longitud/talla según la normativa del Ministerio de Salud Pública, y en base a la anamnesis y examen físico se estableció el diagnóstico de infección respiratoria aguda (IRA). Para el análisis se utilizó la estadística descriptiva, chi cuadrado y razón de prevalencia con un intervalo de confianza del 95 % y un valor de p: <0.05 para determinar significancia estadística. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de IRA fue de 31.37 %, existió una mayor prevalencia en el grupo de edad menor a 12 meses (31.62 %). La prevalencia de desnutrición fue 5.90 %. La rinofaringitis fue la principal infección diagnosticada (69.23 %). La asociación entre la desnutrición como factor predisponente para la adquisición de infección respiratoria aguda fue estadísticamente significativa (x²: 27.641; RP: 2.900; IC-95 %: 2.240*3.755; p:<0.001). CONCLUSIÓN: La prevalencia de infecciones respiratorias agudas fue alta, siendo la rinofaringitis aguda la infección de mayor frecuencia. La desnutrición es un factor de riesgo para la adquisición de IRA.(au)


BACKGROUND: Children with malnutrition are more vulnerable to acquire diseases compared with those properly nourished. The aim of the study was to determine prevalence of acute respiratory infections and its association with malnutrition in patients under 5 years of age. METHODS: A cross sectional descriptive study was performed at Cuchil's health center (Ssigsig) during 2016. 373 children under 5 years were included. Weight and length/height data were registered according to regulations established by Ecuadorian Ministry of Public Health and acute respiratory infections were diagnosed after anamnesis and physical examination. Analysis required descriptive statistics, chi-square, prevalence ratio (95 % confidence interval) and a p value <0.05 to determine statistical significance. RESULTS: Prevalence of ARI reached 31.37 % and the group under 12 months of age was mainly affected (31.62 %). Prevalence of malnutrition was 5.90 %. Rhinopharyngitis was the most frequent diagnosis (69.23 %). Association between malnutrition (as a risk factor) and prevalence of ARI was statistically significant (x²: 27.641; RP: 2.900; IC-95 %: 2.240*3.755; p: <0.001). CONCLUSION: Prevalence of acute respiratory infecctions was high. Rhinopharyngitis was the most frequent diagnosis. Malnutrition may be considered as a risk factor to develop acute respiratory infections.(au)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Doenças Respiratórias/prevenção & controle , Criança , Prevalência , Desnutrição/microbiologia
2.
Journal of Medical Sciences. 2006; 6 (3): 432-438
em Inglês | IMEMR | ID: emr-78063

RESUMO

The present research was conducted to assess the prevalence of fungal and bacterial infections in malnourished children and correlating these infections with the severity and type of malnutrition. The study included 50 malnourished children [25 Marasmus and 25 Kwashiorkor KW], their ages ranged from 1 to 36 months with a mean of 10'7 months. All patients were subjected to full history taking, thorough clinical examination: Anthropometric measures: Routine investigations and Microbiological study [fungal and bacterial cultures] of urine samples obtained by suprapubic aspiration both rectal and mouth swabs as well as gastric aspirate using nasogastric feeding tube were taken from each patient. The present study revealed that Candida albicans was the most prevalent fungal pathogen isolated, constituted 81% of +ve fungal cultures [85% in marasmus and 15% in KW patients]. E. coli was the most prevalent bacterial pathogen, detected in 50.5% of all +/- ve cultures [57% in marasmus and 43% in KW patients]. The severity of childhood malnutrition determines the incidence of fungal and bacterial infection


Assuntos
Humanos , Desnutrição/microbiologia , Micoses , Infecções Bacterianas , Fatores de Risco , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica , Kwashiorkor
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