Factores de riesgo para intento de suicidio en personas con trastorno depresivo en atención secundaria / Risk factors for suicide attempts in people with depressive disorders treated in secondary health care

Background: Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder in people with suicidal behavior. The knowledge of its risk factors should help to design preventive strategies. Aim: To describe suicidal behavior and risk factors for attempted suicide in people with major depressive disorders (MDD). Material and Methods: A 12-month follow-up study was conducted in 112 outpatients at three psychiatric care centers of Ñuble, Chile, with baseline and quarterly assessments. Demographic, psychosocial and clinical factors as potential risk factors of suicide attempts, were assessed. A clinical interview with DSM-IV diagnostic criteria checklist, Hamilton Depression Scale and the List of Threatening Experiences and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were applied. Results: Sixty seven percent of participants had suicidal ideation and 43.8% had attempted suicide. Suicide risk was significantly higher in participants with a single major depressive episode (odds ratio [OR] = 3.98; 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1,29-12,32 p = 0.02) and those with previous suicide attempts (OR = 13.15; 95% CI = 3,87-44.7 p < 0.01). Young age, not having a partner, being unemployed, having a severe major depressive episode, having psychotic symptoms, having a personality disorder and being devoid of medical illness increased the risk of suicide attempts, but they did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Significant risk factors should be specially considered when designing suicide preventive strategies in patients with MDD.

Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire / Propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire

Summary Introduction: The Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire (PESQ) is an instrument devised for assessing the magnitude of drug misuse among adolescents. However, its psychometric properties have not been evaluated in adolescent samples outside the United States. Objective: To assess the internal reliability and validity of the Brazilian version of the PESQ. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 84 adolescents from a clinical sample and a community-based sample. All of them answered the PESQ. Results: Among adolescents from the community, the PESQ problem severity index, which can vary from 18 to 72, was 26.48±9.28, whereas the clinical sample scored 42.89±10.02 (p<0.001). Cronbach's alpha was 0.91. Factor analysis resulted in a four-factor solution. Furthermore, both samples also had different mean scores for the other distinct content areas measured by the instrument. Conclusion: Evidence to support the reliability and validity of the Brazilian version of the Personal Experience Questionnaire was found.

Resumo Introdução: o Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire (PESQ) é um instrumento destinado ao rastreamento de problemas relacionados ao uso de drogas entre adolescentes. Entretanto, suas propriedades psicométricas não foram avaliadas em populações de adolescentes de outros países além dos Estados Unidos. Objetivo: avaliar a confiabilidade e a validade da versão brasileira do PESQ. Método: foi feito um estudo transversal envolvendo 84 adolescentes de uma amostra clínica e de uma amostra não clínica. Todos responderam ao PESQ. Resultados: entre os adolescentes da população geral, o índice de severidade de problema da PESQ, que pode variar de 18 a 72, foi de 26,48±9,28. Por outro lado, a população clínica teve pontuação de 42,89±10,02 (p<0,001). O alfa de Cronbach foi de 0,91. A análise fatorial resultou em uma solução de quatro fatores. Além disso, ambas as populações apresentaram pontuações significativamente diferentes em outras subescalas do PESQ. Conclusão: as evidências sustentam a validade e a confiabilidade da versão brasileira do PESQ.

Psychometric properties of the revised conscientiousness dimension of Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade (IDCP) / Propriedades psicométricas da versão revisada da dimensão conscienciosidade do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade (IDCP)

This study investigated the psychometric properties of the revised scale of conscientiousness of a clinical personality inventory (Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade, IDCP). One hundred and twenty participants (68 women; 56.7%) aged 18 to 53 years (mean = 22.58, standard deviation = 6.19) were recruited by convenience and answered the IDCP and the NEO Personality Inventory - Revised. The analysis of internal structure, association with external variables and reliability of the dimension under review confirmed its validity. The psychometric characteristics of the revised dimension seem to be more adequate than those of the original version and more focused on pathological functioning, which was expected and desirable (AU)

O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar as propriedades psicométricas da versão revisada da dimensão conscienciosidade do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade (IDCP). Para tanto, participaram da pesquisa 120 sujeitos, recrutados por conveniência, com idade variando entre 18 e 53 anos (média = 22,58; desvio padrão = 6,19), sendo 68 mulheres (56,7%). Todos os sujeitos responderam o IDCP e o Inventário de Personalidade NEO-PI Revisado. Os dados encontrados no estudo foram favoráveis quanto às evidências de validade com base na estrutura interna e na relação com variáveis externas, bem como em relação à fidedignidade da dimensão revisada do instrumento. A partir disso, aponta-se que a dimensão revisada é mais adequada do ponto de vista psicométrico quando comparada com a versão original da mesma e, além disso, apresenta conteúdos mais voltados para o funcionamento patológico, o que era esperado e desejável (AU)

Rendimiento académico, causas de deserción y cambios personales en los estudiantes del programa cobertura con equidad en la universidad san buenaventura de medellín / Academic achievement, dropout rate causes, and personal changes in the students of the coverage with equity program at saint bonaventure university

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar y describir el rendimiento académico, las causas de deserción y los cambios personales en la autoestima, la asertividad y el autocontrol, en los estudiantes del Programa Cobertura con Equidad en la Universidad de San Buenaventura (U.S.B). Se trabajó con datos cuantitativos, aplicando cuestionarios con preguntas abiertas y cerradas y cualitativamente se realizaron grupos focales, auto-reportes y entrevistas. Se describieron las relaciones con sentido que se des-cubren en la lectura de recurrencias y tendencias y se precedió hacer los análisis y dar respuesta a los interrogantes planteados, los cuales permitieron describir las características de la población y hacer análisis, a partir de un estudio de las variables de interés. Además, se presentó una propuesta formativa de inclusión para los estudiantes del programa

The objective of this piece of research was to analyze and to describe the academic achievement and the personal changes as for self-esteem, assertiveness, and self-control of the students of the Program with Equity Program at Saint Bonaventure University. In this piece of research, quantitative data, open and closed questions were used. As well, qualitative data were obtained from focal groups and self-reports and interviews were carried out. Relations with a sense, which are discovered in the reading of recurrences and tendencies, were described. Then, some analyses were made and some posed questions were answered, which let describe the characteristics of the population and make some analysis starting from a study of the variables of interest. Besides, a formative proposal of inclusion for the students of the program was introduced

Standardization of child, parent and teacher's forms of child behavior checklist in the city of Isfahan

The Purpose of this study was the standardization of the Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL], in the city of Isfahan. Subjects consisted of 1880 seven to eleven -year old schoolchildren in Isfahan, in addition to their parents and teachers. Data were gathered using the Youth Self- Report [YSR], the Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL] and the Teacher's Report Form [TRF].The CBCL itself comprises two sections, namely, skills and behavioral and emotional problems. Subsequent to back-translation and the assessment of face validity, the Farsi version of the checklist was administered to the subjects. Data were analyzed by SPSS-17 using Pearson's correlation. The highest Cronbach's alpha for parent, teacher and child forms were 0.90, 0.93, and 0.82 respectively. Regarding construct validity, the correlation of the subscales of the section of behavioral and emotional problems, and its total score in parent, teacher and child forms were 0.62-0.88, 0.44-0.91 and 0.51-0.85 respectively. Also, the correlation of the subscales of the skills section and its total score in parent, teacher and child forms were 0.24-0.82, 0.77-0.93 and 0.64-0.87 respectively. Cronbach's alpha, correlation between the forms, and correlation between the subscales and the total score of the related sections, point to the construct validity and appropriate reliability of this tool, for the assessment of skills and behavioral problems of these children

Assessment of the Type D Personality Construct in the Korean Population: A Validation Study of the Korean DS14

This study aimed to develop a Korean version of the Type D Personality Scale-14 (DS14) and evaluate the psychiatric symptomatology of Korean cardiac patients with Type D personality. Healthy control (n = 954), patients with a coronary heart disease (n = 111) and patients with hypertension and no heart disease (n = 292) were recruited. All three groups completed DS14, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), the state subscale of Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale (CESD), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The Korean DS14 was internally consistent and stable over time. 27% of the subjects were classified as Type D. Type D individuals had significantly higher mean scores on the STAI-S, CESD, and GHQ compared to non-Type D subjects in each group. The Korean DS14 was a valid and reliable tool for identifying Type D personality. The general population and cardiovascular patients with Type D personality showed higher rate of depression, anxiety and psychological distress regarding their health. Therefore, identifying Type D personality is important in clinical research and practice in chronic medical disorders, especially cardiovascular disease, in Korea.

Estudo comparativo entre testes de inteligência e de personalidade / A comparison study between intelligence tests and personality tests

Os testes psicológicos são instrumentos úteis na atuação do profissional do psicólogo, no entanto, muitos instrumentos disponíveis no mercado profissional não atendem a critérios de qualidade. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou comparar a distribuição da presença de informações em dois grupos de testes psicológicos considerando onze itens como critérios de avaliação. Foram analisados os manuais de 21 testes de inteligência e 21 de personalidade. Os resultados revelaram que todos os testes possuíam informações sobre autoria e editora. Nos testes de inteligência dois itens, data e referências bibliográficas, apresentaram distribuições de presença de informações significativamente diferentes dos outros sete e nos de personalidade, três dos nove itens diferiram significativamente: amostra de padronização, validade e precisão. Os testes de personalidade apresentaram mais informações sobre a data do que os de inteligência, enquanto que para os itens tempo, amostra de padronização, validade e precisão, os de inteligência apresentaram mais informações que os de personalidade

Factores psicosociales relacionados con accidentes del trabajo / Psychosocial factors related with work accidents

Se compararon 22 pacientes accidentados en el trabajo que habían sufrido una amputación grave, con 22 trabajadores en máquinas industriales de un riesgo similar a las que habían producido los accidentes, pareados por edad. Ambos grupos fueron investigados mediante encuestas en las que se obtiene información relevante previa al accidente, sobre condiciones de trabajo, sintomatología neurótica y psicosomática, nivel de estrés y cambios vitales. Los resultados mostraron que los dos grupos fueron similares en nivel educacional, estado civil y situación laboral. Los pacientes amputados tenían menor tiempo de experiencia en el trabajo, mayor cantidad de eventos vitales en los últimos 6 meses, y mostraron un nivel significativamente menor de sintomatología neurótica y psicosomática , así como de estrés laboral y extra-laboral. Se plantea que un período de shock emocional inmediatamente posterior al accidente puede explicar estos resultados. También se plantea que el mecanismo de actuación pueda ser relevante en el funcionamiento psicológico de los pacientes amputados

A screening tool for assessment of the home environment and psychosocial development of preschool children.

The purpose of this study was to develop a short tool for the assessment of home environment and psychosocial development of preschool children, based on the data collected on a sample of one hundred and fifty children in the age range of 2 years 10 months to 3 years 8 months. Co-relation analysis was used in identifying home environment and psychosocial development variables for the development of the tool.