Levaduras autóctonas con capacidad fermentativa en la producción de etanol a partir de pulpa de excedentes de plátano musa (AAB Simmonds) en el departamento de Córdoba, Colombia / Autoctonous yeasts having fermentation ability in producing ethanol from Musa (AAB Simmonds) plantain surplus pulp in the Córdoba department of Colombia

Se evaluó la capacidad fermentativa de levaduras nativas de la zona costanera del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia, para la obtención de etanol a partir de la pulpa de excedentes de plátano Musa (AAB Simmonds), con el objetivo de encontrar cepas eficientes. Los microorganismos utilizados correspondieron a las especies: Kloeckera sp, Candida guillliermondii 14AD, Candida albicans y Candida guillliermondii 13AD (nativas), y una cepa comercial de referencia, Saccharomyces cerevisiae T73. La fermentación se realizó a diferentes concentraciones de sustrato, siendo la concentración del 40% la mejor; se evaluó la producción de etanol mediante el método colorimétrico del dicromato de potasio utilizando un equipo espectrofotómetro Lambda 11. Se observó que la levadura Candida guilliermondii 14AD nativa fue la más eficiente con una producción promedio de 3,45% v/v de etanol a las 72 horas de fermentación; no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas con la producción de etanol a partir de la cepa de referencia, la cual produjo 3,59% v/v. Estos resultados sugieren la existencia de levaduras nativas con capacidad para ser utilizadas en la obtención de etanol a partir de material residuo de plátano.

Native yeasts™ (Cordoba, Colombia) fermentation ability for producing ethanol from plantain (Musa AAB Simmonds) surplus pulp was evaluated; the object was to find efficient yeasts. The microorganisms used here came from the Kloeckera sp, Candida guillliermondii (14AD), Candida albicans and Candida guilllier-mondii 13AD strains (native) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae T73 (a commercial reference yeast). Fermentation was carried out on different substrate concentrations, the 40% one giving the best result; ethanol production was evaluated by the potassium dichromate colorimetric method using a Lambda 11 spectrophotometer. It was observed that the Candida guilliermondii 14AD native yeast was the most efficient, having an average 3.45% v/v ethanol production after 72 hours’ fermentation. There were no statistically significant differences compared to reference yeast strain ethanol production (3.59% v/v). These results suggest that native yeasts can be used in obtaining ethanol from residual plantain matter.

Beneficial role of L-thyroxine on hepato-renal toxicity induced by amikacin and potassium dichromate

Amikacin aminoglycoside antibiotic, potassium dichromate and L- thyroxine were employed to study the induction of hepatonephrotoxicity changes using potassium dichromate; the effect of amikacin sulfate aminoglycoside antibiotic on liver and kidney functions in normal rats and in rats subjected to potassium dichromate induced hepatonephrotoxicity and to minimize the undue effect of both potassium dichromate and amikacin by either concomitant or pre-administration of L- thyroxine. The following test parameters were carried out in serum: ALT, AST, isocitrate dehydrogenase, glucose-6- phospatase, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine and N- acetyl-B- glucosaminidase. The results indicated that the efficient potassium dichromate induced renal impairment required the use of adult rats weighing 250-350 g. The well-marked changes of all the previous test parameters were investigated throughout the experimental period. Among these parameters, serum albumin level seemed to be of a special concern as a risk factor for aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. The administration of L- thyroxine [10 mug/100 g body wt.] caused an improvement of kidney and liver functions of rats receiving amikacin or potassium dichromate, respectively

Prophylactic and protective effect of L-thyroxine on hepato-renal dysfunction induced by amika.cin and potassium dichromate

The present study was concerned with amikacin's hepatorenal hazards on certain kidney and liver tissue enzymes in normal rats as well as rats subjected to potassium dichromate induced hepatorenal toxicity. Minimizing the undue effects of both amikacin and potassium dichromate by either concomitant or pre-administration of L-thyroxine was also undertaken. Specific enzyme activity of N-acetyl-beta-D- glucosaminidase, NAG [as a marker of lysosomal enzyme], Na-K- ATPase [as a marker of basolateral membrane enzyme] and glucosed-6-phosphatase, G-6-Pase [as a marker of endoplasmic reticulum] as well as liver 5-nucleotidase specific enzyme activity were measured. The association of potassium dichromate, amikacin or both with the membrane binding caused increased lysosomal hydrolase specific enzyme activity extracted from the liver and kidney tissues, reduction of Na- K-ATPase, G-6-Pase and liver 5-nucleotidase activities, membrane damage in renal tubule of the rats as well as the induction of ultrastructural alterations of the liver. Thyroid hormone had an important stimulatory action on the plasma membrane pump that maintained cellular constancy of sodium and potassium. The recorded data may suggest that L- thyroxine administration may enable the cell to resist liver and kidney injury

Hypersensitivity reaction in the lungs of guinea pigs due to intratracheal potassium dichromate exposure

Guinea pigs sensitized with potassium dichromate were challenged by intratracheal injection of the chromium compound. Histological examination of lung tissue after 16[th] and 1,2,3,7 and 14 days correlated with manifestations of delayed type hypersensitivity