Factors affecting the success of resynchronization protocols with or without progesterone supplementation in dairy cows

The objective of this study was to investigate factors that influence the success of resynchronization protocols for bovines with and without progesterone supplementation. Cow synchronized and not found pregnant were randomly assigned to two resynchronization protocols: ovsynch without progesterone (P4) supplementation (n = 66) or with exogenous P4 administered from Days 0 to 7 (n = 67). Progesterone levels were measured on Days 0 and 7 of these protocols as well as 4 and 5 days post-insemination. Progesterone supplementation raised the P4 levels on Day 7 (p 3.5 had increased P/AI values while cows with BCS < 2.75 had decreased P/AI rates after P4 supplementation. Primiparous cows had higher P4 values on Day 7 than pluriparous animals (p = 0.04) and tended to have higher RRs (p = 0.06). Results of this study indicate that progesterone supplementation in resynchronization protocols has minimal effects on outcomes. Parity had an effect on the levels of circulating progesterone at initiation of the protocol, which in turn influenced the RR.

Desempenho reprodutivo de novilhas acasaladas aos 26 meses de idade submetidas a sincronização de estros com pgf2 alfa administrado por via intramuscular ou intravulvar / Comportamiento reproductivo de novillas copuladas a los 26 meses de edad sometidas a sincronización de estros con pgf2 alfa administrado por vía intramuscular o intravulvar / Reproductive performance of beef heifers mating at 26 months-old using an artificial insemination protocol with a pgf2 alfa agonist injected in the muscle or vulvo

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a resposta reprodutiva de novilhas, aos 26 meses de idade, submetidas à inseminação artificial em estro, observado ao início da estação de acasalamento, seguida de estro induzido por um análogo sintético da PGF2 α administrado por via intramuscular ou intravulvar. Foram utilizadas 271 novilhas de corte com base racial britânica, acasaladas aos 26 meses de idade e submetidas ao protocolo de inseminação artificial (IA) padrão da propriedade, que consiste de oito dias de IA com observação de estros sem tratamento hormonal, sendo que, no oitavo dia, as novilhas não inseminadas recebem 90µg de um análogo sintético de PGF2 α e são inseminadas por mais cinco dias conforme a observação de estros. O grupo I (n=86) foi formado pelas novilhas inseminadas nos primeiros oito dias, enquanto os grupos II-M (n=102) e II-V (n=83) foram formados pelas novilhas submetidas à indução de estro com PGF2 α, divididos conforme a via de aplicação do hormônio (intramuscular e intravulvar, respectivamente). Os parâmetros analisados foram: peso ao início do acasalamento (PIA), taxa de inseminação (TI), tempo de resposta à aplicação do hormônio (RH). O peso ao início do acasalamento (PIA) foi maior (p<0,01) para o grupo I (304,88 kg) em relação aos grupos II-M (292,83 kg) e II-V (295,59 kg), que não diferiram entre si (p>0,05). A TI foi de 49% e 53%, enquanto a RH foi de 68,9 e 76,7 horas respectivamente para II-M e II-V, não apresentando diferenças significativas (p>0,05). A TP foi maior (p<0,05) para o grupo I (96,5%) em relação ao aos grupos II-M (86,3%) e II-V (81,9%), que não diferiram entre si (p>0,05). Novilhas do grupo I foram mais pesadas ao início da estação de acasalamento do que as demais, sendo inseminadas mais cedo e obtendo maior taxa de prenhez em relação às novilhas dos grupos II-M e II-V. A via de aplicação do análogo de PGF2 α (intramuscular ou intravulvar) não exerceu influência sobre a resposta reprodutiva das novilhas submetidas ao tratamento hormonal.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the reproductive performance of 26-months-old beef heifers inseminated after estrus, it was observed at the beginning of the breed season and after that using an artificial insemination protocol with a PGF2α agonist injected in the muscle or volvo. Two hundred and seventy one beef heifers were inseminated for 8 days through estrus observation. In the 8th day the non-inseminated heifers received 90µg of a PGF2 α agonist. After that heifers were inseminated during five days through estrus observation. Group I (n=86) was composed by the heifers inseminated at the first eight days and Groups II-M (n=102) and II-V (n=83) were composed by the heifers that received the injections of PGF2 α agonist in the muscle or vulvo, respectively. Beginning weight (BW) insemination rate (IR), hours between PGF2α injection and estrus observation (HE), and pregnancy rate (PR) were the analyzed parameters. Group I reached higher BW (304.88 kg, p<0.01) than Group II-M (292.83 kg) and II-V (295.59 kg) (p>0.05). IR (49% and 53%) and HE (68.9 and 76.7 hours for Group II-M and II-V) (p<0.05), respectively, were similar. Group I reached higher (p<0.01) PR (96.5%) than II-M (86.3%) and II-V (81.9%). Heifers from Group I were heaviest in the beginning of the breed season, being inseminated earlier and reaching higher PR than the other ones. The injection way of PGF2α (muscle or vulvo) did not change the reproductive performance.

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar la respuesta reproductiva de novillas, a los 26 meses de edad, sometidas a la inseminación artificial en estro, observado al inicio de la estación de cópula, seguida de estro inducido por un análogo sintético de PGF2 α administrado por vía intramuscular o intravulvar. Se utilizó 271 vaquillas con base racial británica, copuladas a los 26 meses de edad y sometidas al protocolo de inseminación artificial (IA) estándar de la propiedad, que consiste en ocho días de IA con observación de estros sin tratamiento hormonal, siendo que, en el octavo día, las novillas no inseminadas reciben 90µg de un análogo sintético de PGF2 α y son inseminadas por más cinco días conforme la observación de estros. El grupo I (n=86) se han formado por las novillas inseminadas en los primeros ocho días, mientras los grupos II-M (n=102) y II-V (n=83) se han formado por las novillas sometidas a la inducción de estro con PGF2α, divididos conforme la vía de aplicación de hormona (intramuscular e intravulvar, respectivamente). Los parámetros analizados fueron: peso al inicio de la cópula, índice de inseminación, tiempo de respuesta a la aplicación de hormona. El peso al inicio de la cópula fue mayor (p<0,01) para el grupo I (304,88 kg) en relación a los grupos II-M (292,83 kg) y II-V (295,59 kg), que no difirieron entre sí (p>0,05). El índice de inseminación fue de 49% y 53%, mientras el tiempo de respuesta a la aplicación de hormona fue de 69,9 y 76,7 horas respectivamente para II-M y II-V, no presentando diferencias significativas (p>0,05). La TP fue mayor (p<0,05) para El grupo I (96,5%) en relación a los grupos II-M (86,3%) y II-V (81,9%), que no difirieron entre sí (p>0,05). Novillas del grupo I fueron más pesadas al inicio de la estación de cópula del que las demás, siendo inseminadas más temprano y obteniendo mayor índice de preñez en relación a las novillas de los grupos II-M y II-V. La vía de aplicación del análogo de PGF2 α (intramuscular o intravulvar) no ejerció influencia sobre la respuesta reproductiva de las novillas sometidas al tratamiento hormonal.

[Comparison of effectiveness of extra-amniotic PGE[2] and high-dose oxytocin in induction of abortion]

Medical and surgical methods are used for induction of abortion. Prostaglandins are used in various forms such as vaginal tabs, gels, intra-amniotic and extra-amniotic injections. The object of this study was to compare the effectiveness of extra-amniotic PGE[2] and high-dose oxytocin in induction of abortion. The study included 60 women admitted for induction of abortion in Shahid Sadoughi hospital of Yazd from 2007 till 2009. They were randomly allocated in two groups. Data was collected by a questionnaire and statistical tests such as Fisher's exact and chi square were used for analysis of data. The success rate of PGE[2] group [P=0.014] was higher than oxytocin group. The mean time of induction of abortion in PGE[2] method was shorter than oxytocin method [p=0.0001]. In both the two groups, the mean time of induction of abortion in dead fetuses was shorter than that in live fetuses [p=0.0001 for PGE[2] group and =0.011 for oxytocin group]. There was no significant difference in the rate of complications of treatment in the two groups. In both the two groups, the mean time of induction of abortion in the 12-14 weeks period was longer than 8-11 and 15-19 weeks, which was significant in the PGE[2] group [p=0.001]. The use of extra-amniotic PGE[2] method in induction of abortion is more effective than high-dose oxytocin and by decreasing the induction period and need for curettage, hospitalization period and expenditure ca be decreased leading to increased satisfaction of patients

Efficacy and complications of prostaglandin F2 a [alpha] for second trimester pregnancy termination in primigravida vs multigravida

To compare the efficacy and complications of extraamniotic instillation of Prostaglandin F2 Alpha [PGF 2alpha] [Pharmacia] via a Foley's catheter for second trimester pregnancy termination among primigravida and multigravida. It was a prospective study conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. The study was done in the period from June 2008 to February 2009. One hundred pregnant women at 14-24 weeks of gestation divided into two groups viz. Group 1: Primigravida and Group 2: Multigravida. The mean age of primigravida was 23.12 years as compared to that [27.97 years] of multigravida. The mean gestational age was comparable in both groups. The mean induction expulsion interval found in primigravida was 16.90 hours and in multigravida .10.13 hours. The complications like dead fetus, pelvic infection, coagulopathy, rupture, incomplete abortion were less among multigravida as compared to primigravida. Our study concludes that Use of PGF 2alpha for second trimester pregnancy termination is cost effective and safe way among primigravida and multigravida. The complications like pelvic infection are less common among the multigravida

A study of prophylactic use of 15-methyl prostalglandin F2alpha in the active management of third stage of labour.

To compare active management of third stage of labour with 15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) and conventional management with methylergometrine as prophylaxis for postpartum hemorrhage, a randomised comparative study was carried out at Calcutta National Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata on 100 women. They were randomly allotted to one of the two groups. Group A included 50 women who received 15-methyl PGF2alpha (125 microg) intramusculary at the time of delivery of the anterior shoulder and group B included 50 women who underwent conventional management of the third stage of labour where methylergometrine 0.2 mg was given after delivery of placenta. Main outcome measured were duration of third stage, amount of bleeding and side-effects. The present study showed that there were significent reduction of the duration of third stage as well as reduction of amount of bleeding particularly when 125 microg of 15-methyl PGF2alpha was given intramuscularly at the time of delivery of the anterior shoulder in comparison to coventional method of management of third stage of labour with methylergometrine. Placental expulsion occurred within 4 minutes in group A and 16.5 minutes in group B. The amount of bleeding following delivery was 95.6 ml in average in group A and 249.6 ml in average in group B. 15-methyl PGF2alpha (125 microg) is certainly effective in prevention of postpartum haemorrhage particularly in developing country like India where this complication contributes a major factor for maternal mortality.

Efeito do intervalo entre recrutamentos foliculares na superovulação de vacas da raça Holandesa não-lactantes / Effect of interval between follicular recruitments on superovulatory response in non-lactanting Holstein cows

Vacas da raça Holandesa não-lactantes, distribuídas em dois grupos, foram sincronizadas com o protocolo Ovsynch modificado. No dia sete (dia 0 = dia do segundo GnRH), o grupo 7 (G-7; n=19) recebeu CIDR usado previamente por cinco dias e 100mcg de GnRH, e o grupo 14 (G-14; n=21), CIDR e 25mg de PGF2alfa. No dia 14 foi aspirado o folículo dominante (FD), trocado o CIDR usado por um novo e foram aplicados 25mg de PGF2alfa. Iniciou-se o tratamento com FSH 36h depois, removeu-se o CIDR com o sétimo FSH e aplicou-se GnRH 36h depois. As inseminações foram feitas 12 e 24h depois. Recuperaram-se os embriões sete dias depois da inseminação artificial. O diâmetro do FD no G-7 foi 13,1±0,57mm no dia sete e 11,2±0,57mm no dia 14. O diâmetro FD persistente no G-14 aumentou de 12,6±0,55mm no dia sete para 16,4±0,55mm no dia 14 (P<0,001). O número de folículos >8mm, 48h após o início do tratamento com FSH, foi maior (P<0,05) no G-7 (15,6±0,05) que no G-14 (12,5±0,05). Não foi detectado efeito de tratamento sobre o número de corpos lúteos e de embriões. O menor intervalo entre recrutamentos foliculares aumentou o número de folículos recrutados, porém não alterou a quantidade e a qualidade dos embriões produzidos

Dry Holstein cows were synchronized by a modified Ovsynch protocol. On day 7 (day 0 = day of the second GnRH), group 7 (G-7; n=19) received an used CIDR and GnRH (100'g). Group 14 (G-14; n=21) received an used CIDR and PGF2alpha (25mg). On day 14, the dominant follicle (DF) was removed, by aspiration; the used CIDR was changed for a new CIDR plus PGF2alpha. Thirty-six hours later, the FSH treatment was initiated. On the seventh injection of FSH, the CIDR was removed. Thirty-six hours after, the cows received GnRH. Donors were inseminated 12 and 24h after the GnRH injection. Embryos were recovered seven days after AI. The DF diameter in G-7 was 13.1mm on day 7 and 11.2mm on day 14. The persistent DF in the G-14 increased from 12.6mm on day 7 to 16.4mm on day 14 (P<0.001). The number of follicles >8mm, 48h after the beginning of the FSH treatment, was 15.6 in G-7 and 12.5 in G-14 (P<0.05). No treatment effects were detected on number of corpus luteum and embryos. The shorter interval between follicular recruitment the higher the number of recruited follicles, but it did not have effects on the number or quality of embryos produced

Termination of pregnancy; during second trimester by PGF2alpha in patients with cesarean scar

To evaluate the safety of extra-amniotic PGF2a in induced 2nd trimester abortion in patient with caesarean scar.2] To find out induction abortion interval. A retrospective study. Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department Unit-I, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad from 01-01-2002 to 31-122005. fifty patients with previous uterine scar were selected for 2nd trimester TOP. These patients were analyzed in great detail regarding their history, examination and investigation. PGF2a was used extraamniotically. All patients expelled the fetus successfully. Four patients [8%] had retained placenta. No case of scar dehiscence or routine rupture was observed. The mean induction abortion interval was 10.25 hours. None of the patient required Hystostomy PGF2a is effective and safe in mid trimester TOP in patients even with uterine scar

The efficacy of unoprostone isopropyl as an adjunct to topical beta-blocker in patients with open angle glaucoma: a-6-month study.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of unoprostone isopropyl as an adjunctive treatment to topical beta-blocker in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective, open-label clinical study. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 44 eyes of 22 eligible patients whose intraocular pressure (IOP) was inadequately controlled by topical beta-blocker were enrolled. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients with primary open angle glaucoma who either had IOP measurements > or = 22 mmHg while on topical beta-blocker monotherapy or had IOP measurements > or = 18 mmHg while on dual therapy (topical beta-blocker and a second drug of a different class which was to be discontinued prior to the study to allow washing out of its effects). INTERVENTION: Baseline IOP, pupil size, blood pressure and pulse rate were initially measured; the patients were then examined at 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th, 18th and 24th weeks of following commencement of topical unoprostone isopropyl therapy (given twice daily). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: IOP pupil size, blood pressure and pulse rate were measured and were compared to baseline values. RESULTS: In 44 eyes of 22 eligible patients, unoprostone isopropyl resulted in a statistically significant IOP reduction of 24.6% (p < 0.02). The mean systolic blood pressure decreased from 132.79 +/- 22.11 mmHg (range 100-180 mmHg) at baseline to 125.77 +/- 18.40 mmHg (range 80-160 mmHg) at 24th week after unoprostone isopropyl administration. This reduction was statistically significant (p = 0.002) but was unlikely to have clinical importance. Both mean diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.344), pulse rate (p = 0.306), and pupil diameter (p = 0.107) were not significantly affected. CONCLUSION: Topical unoprostone isopropyl beneficially provides additive IOP lowering effect to topical beta-blocker in patients with primary open angle glaucoma. No serious systemic side effects were found in the present study.