TCOF1 Gene variation in Treacher Collins syndrome and evaluation of speech rehabilitation after bone bridge surgery / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:By analyzing the clinical phenotypic characteristics and gene sequences of two patients with Treacher Collins syndrome（TCS）, the biological causes of the disease were determined. Then discuss the therapeutic effect of hearing intervention after bone bridge implantation. Methods:All clinical data of the two family members were collected, and the patients signed the informed consent. The peripheral blood of the proband and family members was extracted, DNA was extracted for whole exome sequencing, and Sanger sequencing was performed on the family members for the mutation site.TCOF1genetic mutations analysis was performed on the paitents. Then, the hearing threshold and speech recognition rate of family 2 proband were evaluated and compared under the sound field between bare ear and wearing bone bridge. Results:In the two pedigrees, the probands of both families presented with auricle deformity, zygomatic and mandibular hypoplasia, micrognathia, hypotropia of the eye fissure, and hypoplasia of the medial eyelashes. The proband of Family 1 also presents with specific features including right-sided narrow anterior nasal aperture and dental hypoplasia, which were consistent with the clinical diagnosis of Treacher Collins syndrome. Genetic testing was conducted on both families, and two heterozygous mutations were identified in the TCOF1 gene: c. 1350_1351dupGG（p. A451Gfs*43） and c. 4362_4366del（p. K1457Efs*12）, resulting in frameshift mutations in the amino acid sequence. Sanger sequencing validation of the TCOF1 gene in the parents of the proband in Family 1 did not detect any mutations. Proband 1 TCOF1 c. 1350_1351dupGG heterozygous variants have not been reported previously. The postoperative monosyllabic speech recognition rate of family 2 proband was 76%, the Categories of Auditory Performance（CAP） score was 6, and the Speech Intelligibility Rating（SIR） score was 4. Assessment using the Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale（MAIS） showed notable improvement in the patient's auditory perception, comprehension, and usage of hearing aids. Evaluation using the Glasgow Children's Benefit Inventory and quality of life assessment revealed significant improvements in the child's self care abilities, daily living and learning, social interactions, and psychological well being, as perceived by the parents. Conclusion:This study has elucidated the biological cause of Treacher Collins syndrome, enriched the spectrum of TCOF1 gene mutations in the Chinese population, and demonstrated that bone bridge implantation can improve the auditory and speech recognition rates in TCS patients.

Genetic analysis of a rare fetus with mandibulofacial dysostosis Guion-Almeida type / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To delineate the clinical and genetic features of a fetus with micrognathia, low-set ears, microtia, polyhydramnios and anechoic stomach by ultrasonography.@*METHODS@#Whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out to detect genetic variant in the fetus, for which routine chromosomal karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) yielded no positive finding. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing and bioinformatic analysis.@*RESULTS@#WES revealed that the fetus has carried a de novo nonsense c.2302C>T (p.Q768X) variant in exon 23 of the EFTUD2 gene, which was detected in neither parent. The variant was unreported previously and may lead to premature termination of the translation of EFTUD2 protein at the 768th amino acid. Bioinformatic analysis predicted the amino acid to be highly conserved and may alter the structure and function of the EFTUD2 protein.@*CONCLUSION@#The c.2302C>T variant of the EFTUD2 gene probably underlay the mandibulofacial dysostosis Guion-Almeida type in the fetus. Discovery of the novel variant has enriched variant spectrum of the EFTUD2 gene and provided a basis for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for the family.

Genetic Autosomal Dominant Disorders: A Knowledge Review / Trastornos Autosómicos Dominantes: Una Revisión de los Conocimientos

Genetic disorders occur by excess or absence of chromosomal material, and the consequence of these changes is reflected in morphological and physiological changes. Autosomal disorders, which have dominant inheritance, as cleidocranial dysostosis, Craniofacial syndrome Apert, Treacher Collins and Achondroplasia have peculiar and similar characteristics. Because of their implications in the dental field, the aim of this review is to report on dysostoses, through exposure of general clinical factors and highlighting the signs in the oral cavity. Articles were selected from Lilacs, PubMed and Bireme databases, included in the year 2007­2014, and the keywords were: cleidocranial dysplasia, craniofacial dysostosis, mandibulofacial dysostosis, dysostosis and oral. Alterations of maxillofacial bones and craniofacial are well documented in the literature, but studies reporting an association between treatment odontologic and dysostoses are scarce. In conclusion, Oral pathological manifestations developed cause difficulty in speech, chewing, breathing, social involvement, and in a general perspective, psychological impairment and physical limitations.

Las enfermedades genéticas se producen debido a un exceso o ausencia de material cromosómico, y la consecuencia de estos cambios se refleja en los cambios morfológicos y fisiológicos. Trastornos autosómicos dominantes que tienen herencia dominante, como la disostosis cleidocraneal, el síndrome craneofacial de Apert, Treacher Collins y acondroplasia tiene características peculiares y similares. Debido a sus implicaciones en el campo de la odontología, el objetivo de esta revisión es hablar, a través de la exposición de los factores clínicos y generales, destacando los signos en la cavidad oral. Se seleccionaron los artículos de las bases de datos Lilacs, PubMed y BIREME, incluyendo los años 2007-2014, y las palabras clave fueron: displasia cleidocraneal, craneofacial mandibulofacial disostosis, disostosis y oral. Los cambios de huesos maxilofaciales y craneofaciales están bien documentados en la literatura, pero los estudios que informaron una asociación entre el tratamiento dental y disostosis son escasos. En conclusion, las manifestaciones orales son causas de dificultades del habla, masticación, respiración y la participación social.

Síndrome de Treacher Collins: revisão de literatura / Tracher Collins syndrome: review of the literature

A Síndrome de Treacher Collins é um distúrbio hereditário caracterizado por anomalias e manifesta-se com diversas variáveis clínicas apresentando incidência aproximada de 1:40.000a 1:70.000 pessoas...

The Treacher Collins syndrome is a hereditary disorder characterized by craniofacial abnormalities and it has several different clinic presentations. Its incidence is around too 1:40.000 and 1. 70.000 habitants...

Sindrome de Treacher Collins: aspectos clinicos, geneticos e moleculares / Treacher Collins syndrome: clinical, genetic and molecular aspects

A sindrome de Treacher Collins (STC) e um disturbio do desenvolvimento craniofacial de heranca autossomica dominante que afeta 1 em 50.000 recem-nascidos, sendo que aproximadamente 60 por cento dos casos sao resultantes de mutacoes novas...

Síndrome de Goldenhar-Gorlin / Goldenhar-Gorlin syndrome

Os autores fazem revisäo bibliográfica e apresentaçäo de umc aso clínico da síndrome de Goldenhar-Gorlin (Displasia-aurículo-vertebral - Microssomia Hemifacial)

Sindrome de Treacher Collins ou sindrome de Franceschetti-Klein ou disostose mandibulo-facial / Treacher Collins syndrome or Franceschetti-Klein syndrome or mandibulofacial dysostosis

O autor discute as manifestacoes clinicas, o diagnostico e o tratamento da Sindrome de Treacher Collins

Síndrome de Treacher Collins en una familia / Treacher Collins' syndrome in a family

El síndrome de Treacher Collins (STC) fue descrito por primera vez en 1846. La ocurrencia familiar ha sido bien establecida y sigue una transmisión regular dominante, con variabilidad interfamiliar e incremento en la severidad en generaciones sucesivas. Se presenta una paciente de 9 años que consulta en Policlínico de Genética por: hipoacusia, cuadros respiratorios a repetición, retraso del desarrollo psicomotor, dismorfias, observación genopatía. Es hija de padres no cosanguíneos, embarazo controlado, actividad fetal lenta, tabaquismo materno, parto eutócico, con peso y talla de nacimiento normales. Al examen físico destaca: facie angosta, oblicuidad antimongoloide de ojos, ausencia de pestañas y coloboma del borde externo del párpado inferior, hipoplasia malar, nariz de pájaro, micrognatia, implantación anormal de pelo en mejillas, comisura labial hacia arriba, hipoacusia. En antecedentes familiares destaca: madre y hermanastra con rasgos físicos similares e hipoacusia. Evaluadas las tres por Otorrino se confirma en ellas hipoacusia de transmisión bilateral y malformaciones de oído medio. El examen radiológico demuestra la hipoplasia malar. Con todos estos antecedentes se concluye que el fenotipo corresponde a un S.T.C.

Disostose mandíbulo facial / Mandibulo facial dysostosis

Os autores apresentam dois casos de Disostose Mandíbula Facial ocorridos numa mesma família. Irmäos com diferença de 4 anos apresentavam forma abortiva da síndrome (2§ caso) e forma completa (1§ caso)