Distúrbios menstruais entre mulheres de 15-54 anos de idade em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: estudo de base populacional / Menstrual disorders among women 15 to 54 years of age in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: a population-based study / Trastornos menstruales en mujeres entre 15-54 años de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: estudio de base poblacional

Para avaliar a prevalência de distúrbios menstruais e sua distribuição conforme paridade e características demográficas, sociais e comportamentais, entre 15-54 anos de idade, realizou-se estudo transversal de base populacional, em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com 1.078 mulheres. Foram investigados sangramento menstrual excessivo, sangramento intermenstrual, ciclo menstrual curto, ciclo menstrual longo e menstruação prolongada. Foram calculadas as taxas de prevalência, com intervalos de 95% de confiança. A prevalência global de distúrbios menstruais foi 46,4% (43,4-49,4). O mais prevalente foi sangramento menstrual excessivo (23,2%; 20,5-25,8), seguido de ciclo menstrual curto (19,2%; 16,6-21,8), ciclo menstrual longo (14,8%; 12,7-16,9), sangramento intermenstrual (11,1%; 9,1-13,2) e menstruação prolongada (7,9%; 6,3-9,4). Os distúrbios menstruais são frequentes na população, estando associados à idade maior que 34 anos, escolaridade menor que cinco anos, maior paridade, laqueadura tubária e tabagismo.

A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, to assess the prevalence of menstrual disorders and their distribution according to parity and demographic, social, and behavioral characteristics among 1,078 women aged 15-54 years. Menstrual disorders included heavy menstrual bleeding, inter-menstrual bleeding, short cycle, long cycle, and prolonged menses. Prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Overall prevalence of menstrual disorders was 46.4% (43.3-49.4). The most prevalent disorder was heavy menstrual bleeding (23.2%; 20.5-25.8), followed by short cycle (19.2%; 16.6-21.8), long cycle (14.8%; 12.7-16.9), inter-menstrual bleeding (11.1%; 9.1-13.2), and prolonged menses (7.9%; 6.3-9.4). Menstrual disorders are frequent in the population and are associated with age 35 years or older, low schooling, high parity, tubal ligation, and smoking.

Con el fin de determinar la prevalencia de los trastornos menstruales y su distribución, de acuerdo a la paridad y a variables demográficas, sociales y de comportamiento, entre los 15-54 años, se realizó un estudio transversal, basado en la población de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, con 1.078 mujeres. Se investigaron el sangrado menstrual excesivo, sangrado, el ciclo menstrual, ciclo menstrual corto y el periodo de menstruación prolongada. Se calcularon las tasas de prevalencia e incidencia, con intervalos de confianza del 95%. La prevalencia global de los trastornos menstruales fue de un 46,4% (43,4-49,4). El sangrado menstrual excesivo fue el más prevalente (23,2%; 20,5-25,8), seguido por ciclo menstrual corto (19,2%; 16,6-21,8), durante los ciclos menstruales (14,8%; 12,7-16,9), hemorragia (11,1%; 9,1-13,2) y prolongada menstruación (7,9%; 6,3-9,4). Los trastornos menstruales son frecuentes en la población, y se asocian con la paridad, índice de masa corporal y método anticonceptivo.

Alterações menstruais em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico sob uso de imunossupressores / Menstrual disturbances in systemic lupus erythematosus patients using immunossuppressants

INTRODUÇÃO: O lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é uma doença autoimune que afeta mulheres em idade fértil. Em seu tratamento são utilizados imunossupressores que podem afetar as gônadas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a frequência de alterações menstruais de pacientes lúpicas tratadas com imunossupressores. MÉTODOS: Foram estudadas 87 pacientes, com idade inferior a 40 anos, com LES em seguimento ambulatorial e verificado o esquema terapêutico utilizado. Excluiu-se do estudo outras causas orgânicas de alteração menstrual. Foi feita correlação de alterações menstruais com o tipo e o tempo de uso dos diferentes imunossupressores. RESULTADOS: A idade variou de 14 a 38 anos, com média de idade 28,01 ± 5,81 anos; a média de idade da menarca foi de 13,12 ± 1,77 anos e o diagnóstico de lúpus 21,40 ± 5,75 anos. O corticoide estava em uso de forma individual por 63,2 por cento, com média de tempo de 6,11 ± 5,14 anos e o uso de outros imunossupressores ocorreu com média de tempo de 5,60 ± 3,59 anos. Alterações menstruais ocorreram em 37,9 por cento e amenorreia em 11,5 por cento. Houve associação das alterações menstruais com o uso dos imunossupressores (IS) (P = 0,034). CONCLUSÃO: A frequência de alterações menstruais foi superior a encontrada na população em geral, semelhante ao observado em outras publicações sobre lúpus em tratamento. A maior frequência de alterações menstruais nessas pacientes foi significativamente associada ao uso de Imunesupressores. O resultado justifica a prudência no uso destes medicamentos, a orientação para pesquisa e uso de técnicas de meios de preservação dos ovários.

INTRODUCTION: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects fertile-age women and of which treatment includes immunosuppressive agents that can affect the gonads. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of menstrual alterations in lupus patient treated with immunosuppressive agents (ISA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A totalof 87 patients, aged < 40 years, were studied. The patients were followed by outpatient management and the treatment used was verified. Only organic causes of menstrual alterations were excluded from the study. The menstrual alterationswere correlated with the type and time of use of different ISA. RESULTS: Age varied from 14 to 38 years, with a mean age of 28.01 ± 5.81 years; the mean age at menarche was 13.12 ± 1.77 years and the diagnosis of SLE was at 21.40 ±5.75 years. Corticoids were used as single therapy by 63.2 percent of them, for a mean time of 6.11 ± 5.14 years and the use of other immunosuppressive agents occurred with a mean time of 5.60 ± 3.59 years. Menstrual alterations occurred in 37.9 percent and amenorrhea in 11.5 percent. There was an association between menstrual alterations with the use of ISA (P = 0.034). CONCLUSION: The frequency of menstrual alterations was higher than that found in the general population, similar to what was observed in other publications on lupus treatment. The higher frequency of menstrual alterations in thesepatients was significantly associated with the use of ISA. The results justify caution when prescribing these medications,research indication and the use of techniques for ovarian preservation means.

Irregularidades menstruales y de hormonas sexuales en mujeres que se les diagnosticó la diabetes tipo 1 antes de la menarquia o después de esta / Menstruation disorders and sexual hormones in women diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before menarche or after it

INTRODUCCIÓN: la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 es una enfermedad crónica, cada vez más frecuente, que afecta todo el organismo. El conocimiento de la función del eje gonadal en diabéticos, hoy día gana mayor importancia, no solo por la repercusión de esta enfermedad en la salud reproductiva. OBJETIVO: identificar la frecuencia de irregularidades menstruales, determinar los niveles de hormonas sexuales y establecer la influencia de esta enfermedad sobre la edad de la menarquia. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal a 74 mujeres con edades entre 15 y 35 años, todas atendidas en el Centro de Atención al Diabético de Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. Distribuidas en 2 grupos: A y B, ambos con n= 37; A: diagnosticadas como diabéticas antes de la presentación de la menarquia y B: posterior a esta. Se confeccionó un cuestionario de datos generales e historia clínica puberal y menstrual; se determinó glucemia en ayunas, hemoglobina glucocilada y hormonas sexuales; se compararon los grupos mediante la t de Student y chi cuadrado. RESULTADOS: se obtuvo una elevada frecuencia de dismenorrea, menorragia y tensión premenstrual, además de la pérdida de correlación entre algunas hormonas sexuales. La presencia más temprana de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 determinó mayor edad de la menarquia, niveles más bajos de gonadotropinas (LH y FSH) y oligoamenorrea. CONCLUSIONES: que la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 diagnosticada antes de la menarquia parece interferir en la maduración y función posterior del eje gonadal femenino, lo cual condiciona más frecuencia de dismenorrea e irregularidades menstruales(AU)

INTRODUCTION: type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease frequent and frequent affecting the entire organism. Knowledge on gonadal axis function in diabetic persons nowadays has a great significance, not only due the repercussion of this disease in reproductive health. OBJECTIVE: to identify the menstrual irregularities frequency, to determine the sexual hormones levels and to establish the influence of this entity on the menarche age. METHODS: a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 74 women aged 15 and 35, all seen in the Diabetes Care Center of Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba, which were distributed in two groups: A and B, both with n= 37; A: diagnosed with diabetes before the menarche appearance and B; after it. We designed a questionnaire of general data and puberal and menstrual medical records; we determined the presence of fasting glycemia, glycosylated hemoglobin and sexual hormones; both groups were compared using the t Student and chi2 tests. RESULTS: we achieved a high frequency of dysmenorrhea, menorrhhea and premenstrual tension, as well the loss of a correlation among some sexual hormones. Earlier presence of type 1 diabetes mellitus determined a greater age of menarche, lower levels of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) and oligomenorrhea. CONCLUSIONS: type 1 diabetes mellitus diagnosed before menarche seems to interfere with maturation and subsequent function of female gonadal axis, which conditioned a greater frequency of dysmenorrhea and menstrual irregularities(AU)

Menstrual abnormalities after tubal sterilization

To ascertain the menstrual abnormalities after tubal sterilization. Prospective cross-sectional study. All women aged 30 to 40 were selected from low income urban population at Quetta, with a body wt between 50 to 90 kg, who have undergone tubal ligation at Gynea unit III Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta. This cross sectional prospective study has been carried out on 200 women at unit III Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Sandman Provincial Hospital, Quetta during 1[st] June 2006 - 31 July 2007, to assess the effect of tubal ligation [sterilization] on the menstrual cycle. Two hundred healthy women under the coverage of the hospital family planning centre were selected randomly and all were assessed for the menstrual irregularities after tubal ligation. The menstrual abnormalities were significantly different between two age groups [35-36 and 38-40]. Tubal sterilization does cause menstrual irregularities

Symptoms related to the reproductive tract and mental health among women in rural southern India.

BACKGROUND: Symptoms related to the reproductive tract and symptoms of psychological distress are commonly seen in women living in South Asia. This study aimed to determine the association, if any, between symptoms related to the reproductive tract and mental health among women in rural southern India. METHODS: The study was conducted in a community setting of a comprehensive community health programme in a development block in rural southern India. It was a cross-sectional survey with a nested case-control study. The main outcome measure was the probability of mental distress as assessed by the Tamil version of the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ). RESULTS: Of the 622 subjects recruited, 150 (24.4%) complained of at least one symptom related to the reproductive tract. The commonest symptom was vaginal discharge (17.5%). Significantly higher scores on the GHQ were associated with the presence of many current and past symptoms related to the reproductive tract, and receiving treatment for the same, even after adjusting for age, education, current marital status and type of house, using multiple regression analysis. GHQ scores were positively correlated with a higher number of current and past symptoms. Significantly higher scores were also associated with greater knowledge about prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and reproductive tract infections. Being currently married and educated were significant protective factors. A nested case-control study was done with the presence of a current common mental disorder as the outcome. Symptoms and other factors dated prior to this outcome were considered potential risk factors. Logistic regression models were developed. The presence of a symptom related to the reproductive tract for more than one month (OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.8, 7.2) and a history of similar symptoms over the past year (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.3, 3.7) were risk factors for the development of common mental disorders. Higher education (OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.3, 0.7) and being currently married (OR 0.2; 95% CI 0.1, 0.6) were protective factors. CONCLUSION: The cross-sectional data suggest an association between symptoms pertaining to the reproductive tract and psychological distress. The results of the nested case-control study suggest that symptoms related to the reproductive tract are risk factors for common mental disorders, while education and being currently married are protective factors.

Menstrual pattern and abnormalities in the high school girls of Dharan: a cross sectional study in two boarding schools.

Puberty is the biological transition between the immature and adult reproductive function. This study has been carried out to find out the menstrual pattern, and awareness of the abnormalities in menstrual pattern among school going pubertal age group girls in Dharan. It has been carried out with the aim to follow it with school health education. Cross sectional study was done in 96 girls of two different school of Dharan of the age group ranging from 11 years to 17 years. The median age of menarche was 12 years. There were 6.9% cases of oligomennorhea and 10.0% of hypomenorhea. Menorrhagia was seen in 6.2% of the girls. Spasmodic dysmenorrhea was seen in 67.0% of the girls but the daily activity was hampered only in 20.0%. Out of the 96 students 73.0% were prepared psychologically beforehand. Very less students (8.0%) knew only very little about the abnormalities in menstruation, rest were ignorant about it. Thus, it was seen that these school going girls needed education about the abnormalities of menstruation so that they can differentiate the normal phenomenon from abnormality and report in time in case of aberrance in the menstrual cycle.

A profile of menstrual disorders in a private set up.

Menstruation and its disorders are still considered unholy and impure and are not yet recognised as significant reproductive health morbidity. Therefore a prospective study was carried out at a private clinic for a period of three months where total number of patients coming with current or past menstrual problems are 525. This number did not include pregnant women or those on any hormonal medications or having dysfunctional uterine bleeding. This study aimed to find out the incidence of Menstrual Morbidity and their mode of presentation. It has also tried to find out these women's age, parity, age of menarche and number, following discriminating traditional rituals during their 1st and regular menses, their family planning status and the districts from where they came to Kathmandu for their treatment. In this study, menstrual morbidity was found to be 43.75%. Approximately 60% of women having menstrual complaints had absolutely normal menstrual cycle; whereas 13% of them had irregular, 17% of them had prolonged and 6% had short menstrual cycle. A significant number (46%) of women although suffering from menstrual problems presented with other symptoms like vaginal discharge, pain lower abdomen, subfertility, urinary problems, abdominal lumps and for cuT check-ups. 3% of the women who presented with vague, non-specific complaints asking for a general check up had one or the other menstrual problem. Although approximately 69% of these women were from the age group of 20-39 years, 4% of them were adolescents and 27% above 40 years. It was observed that although approximately 78% of these women were primi- and multiparous ladies, 22% were unmarried and nulliparous suffering from various menstrual morbidities. More than 55% of these women had their menarche at the age of 12-14 years. It was not surprising to note that more than 90% of women had to follow the traditional unhealthy and unsociable rituals during their first menstruation. More than 75% of them had to follow the discriminating traditional rituals which consider a menstruating woman untouchable for 5 days of every month throughout their active reproductive lives. 20% of these women were using non-hormonal contraceptive methods, out of which more than 50% had undergone permanent sterilisation. It was a matter of pride to note that this clinic was providing the health care services to the adolescents and women of 13 zones and more than 52 districts of the country.

Relación de la oclusión tubaria bilateral con quistes funcionales de ovario / Relationship of bilateral tubal occlusion with functional ovarian cysts

The purpose was to determine the relation between functional ovary cysts (FOC) in patients with bilateral tubal occlusion (BTO) compared against a group of patients without the occlusion. Retrospective study, transversal and comparative in which 1,060 cases of patients that had pelvic ultrasounds were studied. 2 groups were formed: Group 1 with 356 patients with BTO, Group 2 without surgical sterilization history. In patients with BTO the FOC frequency was of 25.0 against a 15.7 detected in those without previous surgery. The frequency of FOC predominates in nulliparous patients without BTO (28.8). On the age relation it is seen that en patients with BTO, the higher peak were functional cysts showed is on the 26 to 32 years old group. In patients without BTO the distribution is similar along the reproductive life with no domain of any age subgroup. The Xi'2 test showed that the difference of FOC in patients with BTO had a significant P < 0.05. BTO as antecedent is a factor that favors FOC and a cause-effect correlation exists. In women without. BTO age doesn't influence the incidence of FOC, and regarding the parity, FOC were observed more often in nulliparous patients with less that 30 years old. FOC can be related to other symptoms like an ovulation menstrual disorders, and pelvic ache. After this finding we must think about long-term complications resulted from bilateral tubal occlusion brings. We should also re-assess the surgical technique used since it can modify the living quality of the operated patients. BTO as a chosen procedure through informed consent, 0 offers in most of the cases more benefits than risks, nonetheless, there is the chance of consequence and long term symptoms and this should be informed to the patient.

Prevalencia de patología endocrinológica: estudio retrospectivo en un centro de atención de adolescentes en Santiago / Prevalence of endocrinologycal pathology: retrospective study in a medical center of adolescents from Santiago

En el presente trabajo se estudia la prevalencia de patología endocrina en un grupo de mujeres adolescentes que acuden espontáneamente en un policlínico de ginecología. Se revisaron las fichas clínicas de todas las pacientes que consultaron durante el período de junio 1997 a agosto 1998 en el policlínico de ginecología infanto juvenil de CEMERA (Centro de Medicina Reproductiva y Desarrollo Integral del Adolescente). Se evaluaron en total 170 jóvenes con edad promedio de 16 años y 6 meses. Se definió un grupo de 58 pacientes (34 por ciento) que tuvo sospecha clínica inicial de enfermedad endocrina, de este grupo hubo 46que hicieron exámenes complementarios (24 ecografía y 22 ecografía más perfil hormonal). Se confirmó el diagnóstico de patología endocrina en 39 pacientes (67 por ciento) destacando los diagnósticos de síndrome de ovario poliquístico (12), poliquistosis ovárica por ecografía (11), amenorrea hipotalámica (4), insulinorresistencia (6), patología tiroidea (3), anorexia/bulimia (2), hiperprolactinemia (1). Analizando la correlación entre presentación clínica y el hallazgo de enfermedad endocrina se encuentra como indicadores de patología la presencia de sobrepeso/obesidad (46 por ciento), ciclos menstruales irregulares (69 por ciento), amenorrea secundaria (25 por ciento), hiturismo/acné (34 por ciento), acantosis nigricans (12 por ciento) y bocio (8 por ciento). Se concluye que existe una alta prevalencia de enfermedades endocrinas en las pacientes adolescentes evaluadas. Los allazgos clínicos permiten la sospecha inicial con alto grado de certeza, lo que ayuda a orientar adecuadamente el estudio diagnóstico

Awareness and health seeking behaviour of rural adolescent school girls on menstrual and reproductive health problems.

A study was conducted on 130 girl students aged 13-17 years in Haryana to assess their awareness and health seeking behaviour regarding menstrual and reproductive health. Mean age at menarche of the girls was 13.6 +/- 0.83 years. Awareness about the process of menstruation was poor. Commonest reported menstrual problem was dysmenorrhoea (40.7%) followed by irregular menses (2.3%) of which only 5.3% consulted a doctor and 22.4% took over the counter medications from the chemist shops. Knowledge about normal duration of pregnancy and need for extra food during pregnancy was poor. Most of the girls knew about importance, duration of child spacing and need for three medical examinations during pregnancy. Major sources of information were television (73.1%), radio (37.1%) and parents (36.1%). Girls preferred to consult parents (49.2%) and doctors (44.6%) for help at times of having reproductive health problems. This study highlights the need for educating school girls about adolescent health, pregnancy and reproductive health problems through schools and parents by the health professionals.

Frecuencia de la dismenorrea y síntomas asociados en mujeres de 12 a 24 años / Frequency of dysmenorrhea and associated symptons in women of 12 to 24 years of age

Se aplicó un cuestionario a 1,066 estudiantes de la Ciudad de México. Este cuestionario incluyó información sobre datos generales de las adolescentes y sobre la presencia de 12 síntomas relacionados a la dismenorrea. La edad promedio de las participantes fue de 18 ñ 3.2 años. La edad promedio de menarca fue de 12.3 ñ 1.3 años. La prevalencia de dismenorrea fue de 52.1 por ciento para el grupo de edad de menos de 15 años; 63.8 por ciento para el grupo de 15 a 19 y 52.3 por ciento para las estudiantes de 20 a 24 años. La frecuencia de ausentismo como resultado de la dismenorrea fue de 4.3 por ciento en el grupo de estudiantes menores de 15 años; 9.3 por ciento en el grupo de 15 a 19 años y de 19.8 por ciento en el grupo de 20 a 24 años. Los síntomas más frecuentemente asociados a la dismenorrea fueron tension nerviosa, depresión, irritabilidad e insomnio. La automedicación fue muy frecuente y los fármacos más utilizados fueron los antiespasmódicos

Análisis de la prevalencia de trastornos menstruales en una población adolescente / Analysis of the prevalence of menstrual disorders in adolescence

Se analizó la incidencia y características de los ciclos menstruales en una población de 2.269 adolescentes de colegio secundario de Capital Federal. La edad x fue de 14,71 ñ 1,05 (11-20 a). Se halló una prevalencia de transtornos menstruales del 25,12 por ciento (C. irregulares 19,96 por ciento, Amenorrea 4,43 por ciento y Metrorragia 0,74 por ciento). Las adolescentes que presentaban ciclos regulares, la edad media de menarca fue menor (12,16 a. ñ 1,00) Vs. transtornos menstruales (12,34 a. ñ 1,01) (p: 0,0035). Se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la incidencia de transtornos menstruales entre los 12 -13 años, lo mismo con E.G. igual o menor de 3 años. Entre el 1er. y 2do. año de E.G., se hallaría la pendiente máxima en la incidencia de disfunción menstrual (37,07 por ciento en el 1er. año Vs. 21,92 por ciento en el 2do. año), con descenso paulatino hasta llegar al 5to. año (23,98 por ciento). A partir del 6to. año la prevalencia se mantendría en alrededor del 13,11 por ciento. Conclusiones: 1) Las pacientes con menarca tardía tendrían más posibilidades de presentar transtornos menstruales. 2) Estos resultados tendrían como objeto mantener una conducta expectante en aquellos pacientes que presentaban transtornos menstruales con E.G. < de 5 años y no se les detecta otra etiología. 3) Este estudio daría un informe parcial sobre las características menstruales en adolescentes, pues ha sido realizado en un subgrupo de población de ciudad y nivel escolar

Trastornos menstruales en mujeres atletas / Disturbances in menstruation in athlete women

Se trata de un estudio descriptivo en el cual realizamos una evaluación de la prevalencia de los trastornos del ciclo menstrual en una poblacion de mujeres atletas que practicaban diferentes disciplinas deportivas en la categoría superior en el Centro Olímpico Juan Pablo Duarte, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana, Noviembre 1989 a Mayo 1990. El 93//de las mujeres atletas tuvo uno o varios trastornos del ciclo menstrual, siendo los más frecuentes en orden decreciente; dismenorrea (41 casos, 53.9//), tensión premenstrual (24 casos. 31.5//); dolor intermenstrual (28 casos, 26.3//); amenorrea (14 casos. 18.4//); hipermenometrorragia (1 caso, 1.3//). A medida que aumenta la intensidad y duración de la actividad deportiva, aumentan los trastornos del ciclo menstrual, así como también a medida que aumentan los y/o disminuyen del valor standard normal las medidas antropométricas de las atletas, en ese mismo orden aumentan los trastornos del ciclo menstrual y estos son más frecuentes en las mujeres atletas que en la población general, debido a la disminución general, debido a la disminución del peso corporal total y los valores de grasa crítica

Menarquia, características menstruales y sociodemográficas de mujeres atletas puertorriqueñas en los XV y XVI Juegos Centroamericanos y del Caribe / Menarche, menstrual and sociodemographic characteristics of Puerto Rican female athletes in the XV and XVI Central American and Caribbean Games

This investigation described maturation, menstrual and socio-demographic characteristics of 65 Puerto Rican women athletes that were interviewed during the XVI Central American and Caribbean Games (CACG), Mexico City in 1990. The results were compared with those of Puerto Rican women athletes (n = 52) at the XV CACG, Santiago Dominican Republic, 1986. The quantitative variables (age, age at initiation of training, years of training, age at menarche, birth order, and family size) were not statistically different (t-independent, p > or = 0.05). The observed frequencies for the qualitative variables (menstrual characteristics, degree of certainty in the recall of age of menarche, use of oral contraceptives, and marital status) were very similar. In conclusion: the women at the XVI CAC in Mexico demonstrated similar maturational, menstrual and socio-demographic characteristics to the those athletes evaluated four years earlier in Santiago and based on their long history of training, both samples were representative of athletically mature athletes. The findings were very similar to those reported for olympic athletes and such data expands the available information on Puerto Rican women athletes

Hiperandrogenismo no climaterio: aspectos clinicos e laboratoriais / Hyperandrogenism in climateric women: clinical and laboratorial aspects

Foram estudadas 39 mulheres climatericas e pos-menopausais portadoras de hiperandrogenismo, das quais 27 eram pos-menopausais e 12 ainda menstruavam, na Clinica Ginecologica do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, com o objetivo de avaliar os aspectos clinicos e laboratoriais no sentido de estabelecer o diagnostico etiologico. Os seguintes parametros foram avaliados: distribuicao etaria; queixas; tempo de menopausa; padrao mentrual nas pacientes com menstruacoes; exame fisico; avaliacao dos sintomas climatericos; peso corporeo; pressao arterial; dosagens hormonais e bioquimicas; estudo morfologico dos orgaos genitais, e o diagnostico etiologico...

Hiperandiogenismo durante a idade reprodutiva: aspectos clinicos e laboratoriais / Hiperandrogenism during the reproductive age: clinical and laboratorial aspects

Entre 1980 e 1991 foram estudadas na Clinica Ginecologica do Hospital das Clinicas da faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo 308 mulheres portadoras de hiperandrogenismo com o objetivo de avaliar retrospectivamente os aspectos clinicos e laboratoriais...

Ginecopatias em crianças e adolescentes no setor de ginecologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Santos / Gynecopathies in children and adolescents in ginecology sector of Santos Medicine Faculty

Sao apresentados 485 casos de ginecopatias em criancas e adolescentes matriculados no setor de Ginecologia Infanto-Puberal da Disciplina de Ginecologia da FCMS. Da estatistica sobressai as vulvovaginites (41,21%),as disfuncoes menstruais (17,31%). Estes e os demais achados sao comentados e comparados com os da literatura mundial

Menometrorragia en la adolescencia / Menometrorrhagia in the adolescence

Se presentan 46 pacientes controladas en la Unidad de Ginecología Infantil y de la Adolescencia del Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología del Hospital del Salvador durante el año 1990, con diagnóstico de menometrorragia de la adolescencia. Se destaca que la hemorragia uterina es un problema ginecológico urgente, frecuente en la adolescencia y para cuyo diagnóstico etiológico se debe efectuar un estudio completo. El tratamiento es médico, empleando esquemas de tratamiento bien definidos para los distintos tipos de menometrorragias. Con ellos se logra resolver la mayor parte de las hemorragias, quedando un grupo pequeño en el cual es indispensable efectuar un legrado endometrial virginal para llegar al diagnóstico. Conseguida la remisión de la crisis hemorrágica, debe controlarse a las pacientes por largo tiempo, ya que las recidivas son frecuentes, permitiendo además prevenir las consecuencias graves de la anovulación como hemorragias uterinas recidivantes, hiperplasias endometriales y trastornos de la fertilidad futura