Frequência de ocorrência das afecções dos anexos oculares e do olho externo / Frequency of occurrence of affections of the adnexa and external eye

RESUMO Objetivo: Observar a frequência de ocorrência das afecções que acometem os anexos oculares e o olho externo, assim como descrever o perfil demográfico dos portadores, na região centro oeste do estado de São Paulo. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, populacional e aleatorizado, no qual foram avaliadas 11.000 pessoas da região centro-oeste do Estado de São Paulo, nos anos de 2004/2005, por meio de consultas oftalmológicas e utilizando uma unidade móvel. Foi realizado exame oftalmológico completo. Os dados foram transferidos para tabela Excel, utilizando-se para o presente estudo dados referentes aos anexos e doenças do olho externo. A frequência de ocorrência dos problemas detectados foi analisada estatisticamente. Resultados: Foram detectadas 1.581 (14,6%) afecções de anexos ou do olho externo, sendo as mais frequentes o pterígio (9,4%), o hordéolo (0,8%) e as alterações do posicionamento palpebral (1,7%) (ectrópio, ptose e triquíase). Trauma, ectrópio e pterígio foram estatisticamente mais frequentes na população masculina. Conclusão: Das afecções pesquisadas, a de maior ocorrência na população foi o pterígio, seguido das alterações inflamatórias e do posicionamento palpebral.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To observe the frequency of occurrence of affections involving the adnexa or the external eye, as well as to describe the demographic profile of patients. Methods: A prospective, population based, randomized study was done in the Midwest region of the state of São Paulo, in the years 2004/2005. Using a Mobile Ophthalmic Unit we evaluated 11,000 people. A comprehensive eye exam was performed. Data were transferred to excel table and for this study we used information relating to annexes and external eye diseases. The frequency of occurrence of the problems detected was statistically analyzed. Results: We identified 1,581(14.4%) disorders in the adnexa or in the external eye. The most common disorders were pterygium (9.4%), hordeolum (0.8%) and changes in eyelid position (1.7%) (ectropion, ptosis and trichiasis). Trauma, ectropion and pterygium were statistically more frequent in the male population. Conclusion: Of the surveyed disorders the most frequent in the population was pterygium, followed by inflammatory changes and alterations in the eyelid position.

Incidence of Calcification of the Trochlear Apparatus in the Orbit

PURPOSE: To quantify the incidence of asymptomatic incidental trochlear calcifications and to describe their clinical features. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed orbital computed tomography (CT) scans of 216 patients to identify the presence of trochlear calcifications. We analyzed the prevalence, age distribution, and gender preponderance of trochlear calcifications. We also examined age-specific prevalence rates for trochlear calcifications, as well as their relationship to systemic disease. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 26.8 years. Trochlear calcifications were observed in 35 (16%) of the 216 patients, and 18 of the 35 patients had bilateral calcifications. The rate of trochlear calcification was higher in males; 32 (20.9%) of 153 male patients had trochlear calcifications, compared with 3 (4.8%) of 63 female patients. Age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and thyroid disease were not significantly associated with the incidence of trochlear calcifications. CONCLUSIONS: Incidental asymptomatic orbital calcification is more commonly observed on CT images than we expected and occurs predominantly in male patients. Understanding this to be a relatively common, benign finding may help us to rule out foreign bodies and other pathologic conditions.

Trauma orbitario. Clasificación y tratamiento en el Hospital Central Militar. Incidencia y clasificación de lesiones oculares. Informe en 100 pacientes / Orbital trauma. Classification and treatment in the Military Central Hospital of Mexico. Frequence and classification of ocular injuries. A one hundred patient report

Del 1o. de junio de 1996 al 31 de mayo de 1997, se realizó un estudio prospectivo, longitudinal y observacional, en el Hospital Central Militar. Se analizaron datos de 100 pacientes con trauma orbitario, y se clasificaron de acuerdo con clasificación propuesta. La edad de presentación del trauma orbitario, de 10 meses a 85 años, promedio de 24 años, El sexo masculino predominó, 88 por ciento. La órbita más afectada fue la izquierda; 53 por ciento. La visión postrauma 20/200 o mejor, 82.2 por ciento. Modo de accidente: asalto físico, 44 por ciento. Lugar del accidente: vía pública 54 por ciento. Agente causal: objeto contundente, 87 por ciento. Sitio de lesión: lesión palpebral, 147 casos. Se concluye que el trauma orbitario es de las causas más frecuentes de ceguera uni o bilateral en jóvenes, afectando la edad productiva, deteriorando la calidad de vida. No existen clasificaciones que abarquen al trauma orbitario de forma integral, por lo que es importante la creación de una clasificación que abarque íntegra y prácticamente la gama de lesiones presentes en el trauma orbitario. Noventa por ciento del trauma orbitario es prevenible, pero al presentarse el tratamiento oportuno evita secuelas. Identificar factores de riesgo así como crear estrategias, disminuirán la alta incidencia

Aspecto escanografico de algunas masas orbitarias / Considerations on scanography of orbital masses

En este articulo se presenta una casuistica de 75 masas orbitarias estudiadas en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paul, de Medellin, mediante la tomografia axial computarizada y se incluyen imagenes ilustrativas de ocho de ellas; las entidades mas frecuentes fueron: retinoblastoma, lesiones vasculares, lesiones infecciosas y neoplasias de la glandula lacrimal; se mencionan aspectos clinicos seleccionados y se discuten las ventajas de la tomografia para el estudio de este problema; finalmente, se consignan recomendaciones para el uso racional del procedimiento

We report on our experience with 75 patients with orbital masses, studied with Computerized Tomography (CT), at the Ophtalmology and Radiology Services, Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, and University of Antioquia, School of Medicine, Medellín, Colombia. The most frequent lesions were: retinoblastoma, vascular lesions, infectious lesions, tumors of the lacrymal gland, mucocele, meningloma, melanoma, and metastatic masses. On the basis of our experience we highly recommend CT as the most valuable diagnostic procedure for the study of patients with proptosis and clinical signs of an orbital mass