Aspectos reprodutivos e produtivos de vacas da raça Holandesa com puerpério normal ou patológico / Reproductive and productive parameters of Holstein cows with normal or pathological puerperium

Foram avaliadas 103 vacas da raça Holandesa de primeira, segunda ou terceira ordens de lactação, com o objetivo de comparar aspectos reprodutivos e produtivos dos animais com puerpério normal ou patológico. Exames ginecológicos foram realizados semanalmente, do parto ao final do puerpério, por meio de palpação transretal, ultrassonografia e vaginoscopia. As incidências de partos gemelares, partos auxiliados, retenção de placenta e infecções uterinas até o primeiro serviço foram de 11,7%, 20,4%, 38,8% e 75%, respectivamente. A involução uterina e a primeira ovulação ocorreram aos 33,5±11,1 e 43,6±21,5 dias após o parto, respectivamente, com diferenças (P<0,001) entre vacas com ou sem infecção uterina. O primeiro serviço ocorreu aos 75,9±31,0 dias após o parto e a taxa de gestação foi de 20,7%. A produção de leite diária foi de 27,9±7,3 litros por vaca até 42 dias após o parto. O prejuízo com a redução na produtividade e o descarte do leite contaminado com resíduos de antibiótico foi equivalente a 598 litros de leite por vaca com retenção de placenta e infecção uterina. A alta incidência de transtornos puerperais interferiu na fertilidade e na produção de leite, causando elevado impacto econômico para a propriedade.

The study was performed with 103 Holstein cows of first, second or third orders of lactation, and aimed to compare reproductive and productive parameters of animals with normal or pathological puerperium. Uterine and ovarian examinations were performed weekly until 42 days after parturition, by rectal palpation, vaginoscopy and ultrasonography. The incidence of twin pregnancies, assisted births, retained placenta, and uterine infection until the first service, were 11.7%, 20.4%, 38.8% and 75%, respectively. Uterine involution and detection of the first corpus luteum occurred at 33.5±11.1 and 43.6±21.5 days after parturition, respectively, and differed (P<0.01) between cows with or without uterine infection. The first artificial insemination occurred in average at 75.9±31.0 days after parturition, and the pregnancy rate was 20.7%. Average daily milk yield was 27.9±7.3 liters/cow until 42 days after parturition. Financial losses related to decreased milk production and discarding of milk contaminated with antibiotic residues corresponded to 598 liters of milk/cow presenting retained placenta and uterine infection. The high incidence of puerperal diseases negatively affected the fertility and milk production, causing large economic impact to the milk production system.

Treatment of ovarian inactivity in post partum buffalo-cows with special reference to its economic evaluation [with 5 tables]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different trials for treatment of post partum [p.p.] ovarian inactivity in buffaloes and their economic values. 75 buffalo-cows not observed in estrus 3 months followed parturition, were used in this study. Clinical examinations and progesterone assay revealed ovarian inactivity. The animals were randomly allocated to 5 treatment groups. Group I [GI] was kept as control [injected by 5 ml saline]. Group II [GII] was injected by 0.02 mg buserelin [5 ml Receptal, GnRH analogue]. Group III [GIII] was injected by 40mg progesterone for successive 8 days and 0.02 mg buserelin at 8[th] day. Group IV [GIV] was injected by 40mg progesterone for successive 8 days and 2mg and 1mg estradiol benzoate at 1[st] and 8[th] day respectively. Group V [GV] was injected by 10 ml tonophosphane daily for 2 days and received 200 gm disodium phosphate and 250 gm mineral mixture divided into 5 days with bran mash. All buffalo-cows were observed for estrus detection three times daily [at dawn, afternoon and evening]. Animals came in estrus were naturally mated using fertile buffalo-bulls and their plasma were tested for progesterone level 8 days after mating. While animals did not came in estrus were weekly examined. Pregnancy diagnosis was done using rectal palpation 42 days after mating. The results indicated that, buffalo-cows came in estrus were 40%, 73.3%, 80%, 60% and 53.3% in GI, GII, GIII, GIV and GV respectively. GIII showed the shortest treatment-estrus interval [TEI], treatment conception interval [TCI] and days open [DO] [8.1 +/- 1.7, 20.9 +/- 4.7 and 116.4 +/- 6.1 days, respectively], followed by GIV [18.3 +/- 5.7, 31.9 +/- 5.7 and 127.7 +/- 6.1 days, respectively]. While, the longest TEI, TCI and DO [52.6 +/- 4.6, 66.5 +/- 6.2 and 161.6 +/- 6.9 days, respectively] was obtained in GI. The lowest service per conception [S/C] [1.60 +/- 0.2] was obtained in GIII while, the highest was obtained in GV [1.86 +/- 0.3]. The highest 1[st] service conception rate was obtained in GIII [60%] while, it was equal in other groups [46.7%]. Plasma progesterone assay revealed highly significant increase in progesterone levels at day 8 post service [> 1ng /ml] indicating functioning corpora lutea. The obtained net profit, profit/cost ratio, net profit/return and net profit/cost in GIII were the highest followed by that of GIV. Hormonal treatment of buffalo-cows proved useful in reducing the calving interval and to increase fertility

Respuesta endocrina asociada a la eficiencia de tres tratamientos hormonales en vacas con quistes foliculares / Endocrine response associated to efficiency of three hormone treatments in cows with follicular cysts

Para valorar la eficiencia del tratamiento hormonal en relación al estado endocrino de vacas con quistes foliculares, se formaron tres grupos de 20 vacas cada uno. Todos los animales seleccionados mostraron celos infértiles y se les diagnosticaron quistes foliculares por palpación rectal, después de un tratamiento superovulatorio con FSH. Los grupos fueron tratados con una sola dosis de 100 µg de acetato de fertirelín (grupo GnRH); 5000 UI de gonadotropina coriónica humana (grupo HCG)o 25 mg de hormona luteinizante (grupo LH). Se tomó una muestra sanguínea de cada animal antes de aplicar la hormona respectiva, y posteriormente cada cinco días hasta el día 20 postratamiento, cuando nuevamente se realizó una palpación para evaluar la luteinización de los folículos. Las concentraciones plasmáticas de progesterona (P4) y estradiol (E2) determinadas a través de radioinmunoanálisis con antisueros altamente específicos funcionaron como indicador endocrino de la respuesta ovárica. El ensayo de P4 se calibró para detectar de 0.1 a 12 ng/ml de plasma y su variación intra e interensayo fue de 7.47 por ciento y 12.1 por ciento, respectivamente. El ensayo de E2, detecta de 10 a 640 pg/ml de plasm y su variación intra e interensayo fue de 1.38 por ciento y 11.0 por ciento, respectivamente. El porcentaje de hembras que regularizaron su ciclo estral fue de 68.4 por ciento, 83.3 por ciento y 66.6 por ciento para GnRH, HCG y LH, respectivamante. El primer celo regular presentado por los animales para el mismo orden de tratamientos se observó a los 19.23 ñ 7.19, 18.2 ñ 8.86 y 21.0 ñ 4.02 días después de la aplicación de la hormona correspondiente. Los días postratamiento en que se alcanzó el valor máximo de P4 fueron 12.3 ñ 3.3. días para GnRH, 8.93 ñ 4.01 días para HCG y 12.72 ñ 2.61 días para LH; los niveles de P4 en esos días fueron 3.12 ñ 0.69 ng/ml, 3.22 ñ 2.08 ng/ml y 4.21 ñ 1.65 ng/ml, respectivamente, La concentración media en el plasma de E2 postratamiento, en los animales que mantuvieron ninfomanía, fue significativamente mayor (186.96 ñ 189.97 vs 80.06 ñ 115.9, P<0.05) que en los animales que regularizaron su ciclo. Con base en los patrones hormonales postratamiento, se proponen mecanismos de respuesta, asociados con la eficiencia clínica del tratamiento

Alteraçöes morfológicas em ovários de éguas: tumores e hematomas / Morphological changes in the mare ovaries: tumors and hematomas

Descrevem-se as alteraçöes morfológicas diagnosticadas nos ovários de 14 éguas. Foram constatados 12 tumores das células de granulosa e 2 hematomas nos animais submetidos à ovariectomia unilateral no Hospital Veterinário da FMVZ-UNESP-BOTUCATU