Primer reporte de pseudomiasis intestinal humana por Eristalis tenax (Diptera, Syrphidae) en zona semiárida urbana del estado Falcón, Venezuela / First report of human intestinal pseudomiasis by Eristalis tenax (Diptera, Syrphidae) in urban semiarid area from Falcon state, Venezuela

Pseudomiasis es el término empleado cuando se considera que las larvas y/o huevos de moscas se adquieren accidentalmente per os y atraviesan con inmediatez a lo largo del tracto digestivo. Se documenta un caso de una pseudomiasis intestinal por larvas de Eristalis tenax (Diptera: Syrphidae) en una paciente femenina de 39 años de edad, proveniente de un sector periférico de la ciudad de Coro, estado Falcón, Venezuela. La paciente observó inmediatamente la presencia de la larva viva en sus heces. Aunque refirió sufrir eventualmente de cólicos, al examen físico se presentó normal. La paciente aparentemente no sufre de trastornos mentales, y posee un nivel socioeconómico bajo. El presente trabajo constituye el primer reporte documentado de una pseudomiasis entérica por E. tenax en la zona semiárida del estado Falcón, en la región nor-occidental de Venezuela.

Pseudomyiasis is the term used for the accidental entrapment of swallowed fly maggots and/or eggs immediately passing through the digestive tract. We report a case of intestinal pseudomyasis caused by the larvae of the cosmopolitan drone fly Eristalis tenax (Diptera: Syrphidae) in a 39 year old woman, resident in a suburban sector from Coro city, Falcon state, Venezuela. The patient immediately noticed a living larva in her stool. Although patient referred eventually became colic, her physical examination was normal, with no mental disturbance. She was in a low socioeconomic level. This is the first report of an enteric pseudomyasis by E. tenax in the semiarid zone of Falcon state, in the northwestern region of Venezuela.

Mortality among Guarani Indians in Southeastern and Southern Brazil / Mortalidade indígena Guarani no Sul e Sudeste do Brasil

Worldwide, indigenous peoples display a high burden of disease, expressed by profound health inequalities in comparison to non-indigenous populations. This study describes mortality patterns among the Guarani in Southern and Southeastern Brazil, with a focus on health inequalities. The Guarani population structure is indicative of high birth and death rates, low median age and low life expectancy at birth. The crude mortality rate (crude MR = 5.0/1,000) was similar to the Brazilian national rate, but the under-five MR (44.5/1,000) and the infant mortality rate (29.6/1,000) were twice the corresponding MR in the South and Southeast of Brazil. The proportion of post-neonatal infant deaths was 83.3 percent, 2.4 times higher than general population. The proportions of ill-defined (15.8 percent) and preventable causes (51.6 percent) were high. The principal causes of death were respiratory (40.6 percent) and infectious and parasitic diseases (18.8 percent), suggesting precarious living conditions and deficient health services. There is a need for greater investment in primary care and interventions in social determinants of health in order to reduce the health inequalities.

Mundialmente, povos indígenas apresentam elevada carga de doença, expressa por profundas iniquidades em saúde na comparação com os não-indígenas. Neste estudo, descreve-se a mortalidade Guarani no Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, com foco nas iniquidades em saúde. A estrutura populacional Guarani expressa elevada natalidade, mortalidade precoce e baixa idade mediana e esperança de vida ao nascer. A taxa de mortalidade bruta (TM bruta = 5,0/1.000) se assemelha à nacional, mas a TM < 5 anos (44,5/1.000) e a taxa de mortalidade infantil (29,6/1.000) são duas vezes maiores que as TM correspondentes nas regiões Sul e Sudeste. A proporção de óbitos infantis pós-neonatais foi de 83,3 por cento, 2,4 vezes maior que a população geral. As proporções de causas mal definidas (15,8 por cento) e de evitáveis pelos serviços de saúde (51,6 por cento) foram elevadas. As principais causas de morte foram as respiratórias (40,6 por cento) e as infecciosas e parasitárias (18,8 por cento), sugerindo precárias condições de vida e de organização dos serviços de saúde. Há necessidade de maiores investimentos na atenção primária e em intervenções sobre os determinantes sociais da saúde, a fim de reduzir as iniquidades reveladas.

Hábitos y creencias sobre parásitos y enfermedades parasitarias en habitantes de Santa Ana de los Guácaras, Corrientes, Argentina / Habits and beliefs about parasites and parasitic diseases among inhabitants of SantaAna de los Guácaras, Corrientes, Argentina

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las creencias populares que tienen los pobladores de la localidad de Santa Ana de los Guácaras, corrientes, Argentina sobre los parásitos y las enfermedades producidas por éstos y conocer los hábitos sanitarios en relación con las parasitosis. Se realizó un estudio de corte cualitativo. Se relevaron 39 hogares seleccionados de modo accidental en los que se aplicó una entrevista no estructurada al padre o madre de familia sobre los conocimientos acerca de los parásitos y las enfermedades que producen, síntomas y efectos, modos de prevención, transmisión, tratamiento y sobre hábitos sanitarios. El análisis de los datos se realizó conforme a la perspectiva de abordar el proceso de salud-enfermedad en función de las dimensiones propias de la esfera de la subjetividad. Para los pobladores la enfermedad parasitaria tiene una acepción restringida pues descartan las ectoparasitosis, las parasitosis infantiles son asumidas como naturales, lo que conduce a una actitud fatalista, que a su vez conlleva a no emprender estrategias de control. Se observa una inversión de las cadenas causales, hecho que provocan rupturas a la hora de relacionar todos los elementos vinculados en los ciclos de enfermedades parasitarias. Con este aporte se espera brindar herramientas para la comprensión sobre la permanencia de las parasitosis en Santa Ana de los Guácaras a fin de definir estrategias de previsión y control.

The purpose of the present work was to analyze the popular beliefs that people of Santa Ana de los Guácaras, Corrientes, Argentina, have on parasites and diseases they produce. Additionally, their health habits related to were investigated. A qualitative study was carried out. Thirty nine dwellings were randomly selected and a non structured interview was conducted with the father or mother of the family to investigate their knowledge on parasites and diseases that produce, symptoms and effects, methods of prevention, transmission, treatment and health habits. Data analysis was performed according to the perspective of addressing the health-disease process in accordance with the realm of their subjectivity. Results showed that parasitoses have a restricted meaning, since people do not take into account ectoparasites and parasitic diseases in children are assumed as natural, which leads to a fatalistic attitude, that in turn leads to not taking any control measures. There is a reversal of the causal chains, which cause breaks to relate all the elements linked to the cycles of parasitic diseases. This contribution is expected to provide tools for understanding the persistence of parasitic diseases in Santa Ana de los Guácaras and consequently, to define strategies for prevention and control.