Clinical outcomes of simultaneous bilateral endoscopic surgery for bilateral upper urinary tract calculi / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To discuss the efficacy and safety of simultaneous bilateral endoscopic surgery (SBES) for bilateral upper urinary tract calculi, and to summarize the initial experience.@*METHODS@#Patients diagnosed with bilateral upper urinary tract calculi who underwent SBES in the Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were enrolled retrospectively. The demographic and clinical data of the patients were recorded, and the operation status, stone free rate (SFR) and peri-operative complications were analyzed. The primary end point was SFR, and second end point was peri-operative complications.@*RESULTS@#A total of 23 patients underwent SBES, of which SBES was completed in 19 patients (12 males, and 7 females). The mean age was (41.3±12.0) years. Fourteen patients underwent modified supine position surgery and 4 patients in prone split-leg position. There was no statistical difference in the demographic and baseline clinical data of the patients in different positions. One patient underwent right percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and left endoscopic combined intra-renal surgery (ECIRS) in the prone split-leg position, while 18 patients received simul-taneous surgery with PCNL and contralateral retrograde intra-renal surgery (RIRS). The mean anesthesia and operation time was (128.7±26.5) min and (70.7±20.3) min, respectively, which was significantly longer in the patients with prone split-leg position than in the patients with modified supine position, anesthesia time in the patients with prone split-leg position and modified supine position: (148.4±20.4) min vs. (121.6±25.3) min, respectively, t=－2.121, P=0.049, while the operation time in the patients with prone split-leg position and modified supine position: (86.4±21.1) min vs. (65.1±17.4) min, respectively, t=－2.222, P=0.040. There was no significant difference between the two groups in indwelling of nephrostomy [prone split-leg position and modified supine position: (2.6±0.9) d vs. (2.1±1.0) d, respectively; t=－0.880, P=0.391] and the length of hospital stay [prone split-leg position and modified supine position: (6.0±2.7) d vs. (5.2±1.8) d, respectively; t=－0.731, P=0.475]. One month after the operation, the SFR was 78.9%, and 3 patients had minor peri-operative complications (Clavien-Dindo grades Ⅰ/Ⅱ) without any serious complications (Clavien-Dindo grades Ⅲ/Ⅳ/Ⅴ).@*CONCLUSION@#The simultaneous bilateral endoscopic surgery would decrease the operation time and anesthesia exposure under the premise of ensuring the SFR, which is helpful to reduce the risk of peri-operative complications, especially to the patients who can not tolerate the second-stage or long-time operation.

Does ureteral access sheat usage lead to permanent damage in the ureter? A placebo controlled trial in a rabbit model

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the clinical stenosis or precursor histological changes that ureteral access sheaths commonly used in ureteroscopic surgeries may cause in the long term in ureter. Methods: In this study, the animals were divided into 9 groups and according to their groups, ureters of the rabbits were endoscopically fitted with 2F and 3F ureter catheters. The catheters were left in place and withdrawn after a specified period of time. All the ureters were excised and evaluated macroscopically, microscopically and histologically. Ureter diameters were measured and FGF-2 (+) labeled fibroblasts were counted in connective tissue as stenosis precursors. Results: Macroscopically or microscopically, no stenosis was found in any group. The ureter diameter of the group that were catheterized for the longest time with the catheter that had the widest diameter was significantly lower than the group with the shorter duration and the catheter with the narrower diameter and the control group. When the groups were compared in terms of their FGF values, there was a significant difference in FGF-2 counts at all three ureter levels (p <0.05). Conclusion: The use of ureteral access sheath may lead to histological changes, as its diameter and duration increase.

Tratamiento del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia mediante láser fraccionado CO2: una opción terapéutica emergente / Treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause by CO2 fractional laser: an emerging therapeutic option

Estudios recientes han demostrado que el láser fraccionado es una opción terapéutica no hormonal efectiva, sencilla, bien tolerada y sin efectos adversos, para el tratamiento del Síndrome Genitourinario de la Menopausia. La reacción térmica originada produce la restauración del epitelio vaginal, un proceso de neocolagénesis y una mayor vascularización que favorece la llegada de nutrientes, reestableciéndose la estructura de la mucosa, su grosor y trofismo funcional, mejorando por tanto la sintomatología. No obstante, se precisan estudios a largo plazo, controlados, frente a estrógenos locales y otros tratamientos no hormonales para validar la duración de los efectos y la seguridad de las sucesivas aplicaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar la evidencia relacionada con esta terapia emergente.

Recent reported studies have demonstrated that non-invasive fractional laser is a valid, safe, effective and well tolerated therapeutic option, without adverse events to treat the Menopause Genitourinary Syndrome. The heat shock effect induces the increase of vaginal epithelium thickness, the new glycogen content and the vascular changes, improving the vaginal epithelium structure, functionality and menopausal symptoms. Nevertheless, duration of treatment effects and safety of repeated session are not clear enough. Further controlled long-term follow-up research on laser versus local estrogens and other non-hormonal therapies are needed. The objective of this paper is to review the scientific evidence related to this emergent treatment.

Laparoendoscopic single site surgery in pediatric urology: does it require specialized tools?

ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe our experience utilizing Laparoendoscopic single site (LESS) surgery in pediatric urology. Materials and Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed on LESS urologic procedures from November 2009 through March 2013. A total of 44 patients underwent 54 procedures including: nephrectomy (23), orchiopexy (14), varicocelectomy (9), orchiectomy (2), urachal cyst excision (3), and antegrade continence enema (3) (ACE). Results: Median patient age was 6.9 years old. Estimated blood loss (EBL), ranged from less than 5cc to 47cc for a bilateral nephrectomy. Operative time varied from 56 mins for varicocelectomy to a median of 360 minutes for a bilateral nephroureterectomy. Incision length ranged between 2 and 2.5cm. In our initial experience we used a commercial port. However, as we progressed, we were able to perform the majority of our procedures via adjacent fascial punctures for instrumentation at the single incision site. One patient did require conversion to an open procedure as a result of bleeding. Three complications were noted (6.8%), with two Clavien Grade 3b complications. Two patients required additional procedures at 1-year follow-up. Conclusions: The use of LESS applies to many pediatric urologic procedures, ideally for ablative procedures or simple reconstructive efforts. The use of adjacent fascial puncture sites for instrumentation can obviate the need for a commercial port or multiple trocars.

Epididymitis in Patients with Anorectal Malformations: A Cause for Urologic Concern

Introduction Epididymitis in patients with anorectal malformation (ARM) represents a unique problem because unlike the general population, an underlying urinary tract problem is frequently identified. We review our experience with epididymitis in ARM population with an emphasis on examining urologic outcomes. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective review of male patients with ARM cared for from 1980 to 2010. Clinical and pathologic variables recorded included age at presentation, recurrence, associated urologic anomalies, incidence of ureteral fusion with mesonephric ductal structures, glomerular filtration rate and urodynamic parameters. Results Twenty-six patients were identified with documented episodes of epididymitis. Renal injury was noted in five patients (19%), all of whom were diagnosed with neurogenic bladder (NGB) several years after anorectoplasty. NGB was found in ten patients (38%) in our series. Ectopic insertion of ureter into a mesonephric ductal structure was discovered in five patients (19%). Twelve patients (46%) had recurrent episodes of epididymitis, with seven of these patients (58%) being diagnosed with NGB. Two patients in the pubertal group presented with a history of epididymitis and complained of ejaculatory pain. Conclusion Epididymitis in a patient with ARM warrants a comprehensive urologic investigation, particularly in recurrent episodes. Attempts at surgical intervention (e.g. vasectomy) should be avoided until functional assessment of the urinary tract has occurred. Failure to recognize this association may lead to potentially avoidable complications and morbidity. Long term urological follow up of these patients is warranted to identify at risk patients and minimize renal deterioration .

Validación de la escala de riesgo quirúrgica en pacientes operados por los servicios de cirugía general, urología y trasplante hepático / Validation of the surgical risk scale in patients who underwent surgery at the departaments of general surgery, urology and liver transplantation

Objetivo: Aplicar la escala de Riesgo quirúrgico (ERQ) a procedimientos de cirugía general y urología y comparar su capacidad predictiva de complicaciones en relación a otras escalas utilizadas en el hospital. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo de 1191 procedimientos quirúrgicos primarios con anestesia general realizados por el Servicio de Trasplante Hepático, cirugía general y urología del Hospital Garrahan durante el periodo comprendido entre 1 de Julio al 30 de Noviembre del 2011. Los resultados quirúrgicos fueron evaluados en relación al nivel de riesgo quirúrgico medido por el ERQ, la escala de riesgo anestésico (ASA) y la escala Fraire –Prieto-Boglione. Resultados: Del total de procedimientos 898 (75%) fueron realizados por cirugía general, 225 (19%) urología y 68 (6%) trasplante hepático. La tasa global de complicaciones posquirúrgicas tempranas reportadas fue de un 9% (n: 108), siendo graves solo el 3% (37) con una mortalidad quirúrgica del 0, 4% (5). La ERQ presentó capacidad de discriminación para el desarrollo de complicaciones posquirúrgicas graves con un área bajo la curva de 0, 83 (IC 0, 76-0, 90). La asociación de desarrollo de complicaciones quirúrgicas graves (STROC = 3) se incrementa en procedimientos de complejidad superior a ERQ > 5 con RR de 4, 3 (IC 2, 1- 8, 7), ERQ>6 con RR9, 3 (IC 4, 4-19, 5) y ERQ> 7 con RR 37(IC 26, 3-52, 1). Conclusión: ERQ es un instrumento útil y perfectible para objetivar la complejidad quirúrgica en relación al riesgo y que utilizada con la escala de Clavien para medir las complicaciones posquirúrgicas constituyen un punto de partida para iniciar procesos de mejora continua en cirugía pediátrica. El desarrollo de modelos matemáticos de predicción del riesgo posquirúrgico requiere de estudios multicéntricos que incluya variables del paciente, acto quirúrgico, equipo y centro dado el escaso número de complicaciones y mortalidad que tiene la cirugía pediátrica.

Current Status of Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery in Pediatric Urology

Laparoscopic procedures for urological diseases in children have been proven to be safe and effective. However, the availability of laparoscopic procedures is still partly limited to experienced, high-volume centers because the procedures are technically demanding. The da Vinci robot system is being used for an increasing variety of reconstructive procedures because of the advantages of this approach, such as motion scaling, greater optical magnification, stereoscopic vision, increased instrument tip dexterity, and tremor filtration. Particularly in pediatric urologic surgery, where the operational field is limited owing to the small abdominal cavity of children, robotic surgical technology has its own strengths. Currently, robots are used to perform most surgeries in children that can be performed laparoscopically. In this review, we aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current role of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery in Pediatric Urology by analyzing the published data in this field. A growing body of evidence supports the view that robotic technology is technically feasible and safe in pediatric urological surgery. Robotic technology provides additional benefits for performing reconstructive urologic surgery, such as in pyeloplasty, ureteral reimplantation, and enterocystoplasty procedures. The main limitations to robotic surgery are its high purchase and maintenance costs and that the cost-effectiveness of this technology remains to be validated.

Nuevo abordaje sagital anterior en cáliz, sin abrir el recto, reporte inicial / New anterior sagittal approach in "Calix", without opening the rectum, initial report

El abordaje sagital transrectal anterior (ASTRA) resulta de amplia utilidad para el enfrentamiento de patología urológica pediátrica. Actualmente es el gold-standar en el manejo del seno urogenital alto, malformaciones vaginales, trauma uretral complejo y tumores. Presentamos una modificación menos invasiva a este abordaje, comentando sus ventajas. En posición decúbito prono, con preparación intestinal; se realiza una incisión en “cáliz”; esta consiste en una sección vertical en línea media perianal desde horquilla vulvar a recto en mujeres, y desde base de escroto a recto en hombres, y otra incisión transversa, cóncava, en el tejido de transición entre mucosa rectal y piel, aproximadamente a dos centímetros del punto medio del ano. Caso 1: Niña de 13 años, consulta por dolor pélvico, diagnosticándose duplicación uterina y vaginal, con atresia de tercio distal de una hemivagina. Se realiza abordaje sagital anterior en cáliz, resecando tabique intervaginal y realizando plastia vaginal. Post operatorio sin complicaciones y vaginoscopía de control normal.. Continencia rectal normal. Caso 2: Niño de 12 años, portador de RMS de próstata tratado con braquiterapia + QMT el año 2009. En diciembre de 2011 presenta recidiva perianal diagnosticada por biopsia quirúrgica (incisión perineal media); en el 5º ciclo de QMT se explora por abordaje sagital anterior con incisión en cáliz, resecando tejido sospechoso, sin evidencias de enfermedad. Buena evolución postoperatoria, actualmente completando ciclos de QMT. Continencia rectal normal. El abordaje sagital anterior (ASTRA), ampliamente utilizado en urología pediátrica, tiene la desventaja de incidir el recto, con el riesgo de lesión de esfínteres e infecciones postoperatorias. Al realizar la incisión sagital anterior en cáliz, conservamos la amplitud y visión de campo clínico que con ASTRA, disminuyendo riesgos postoperatorios, permitiendo realimentación y alta precoz debido a su menor sintomatologia...

The anterior sagittal transrectal approach (ASTRA) is broadly useful for coping with pediatric urologic pathology. It is currently the gold standard in the management of high urogenital sinus, vaginal malformations, complex urethral trauma and tumors. We present a less invasive modification to this approach, discussing its advantages.In the prone position, with bowel preparation, an incision is made in “calix”, meaning a vertical section at the perineal midline from vulva to rectum in women, and from scrotal base to rectum in men, and another transverse, concave incision at the transition tissue between rectal mucosa and skin, approximately two centimeters from the anal midpoint. Case 1: A 13-year-old girl, with pelvic pain, due to uterine and vaginal duplication and atresia of the distal third of a hemivagina. Anterior sagittal approach in calyx is performed, resecting intervaginal Septum and performing vaginal plasty. Uncomplicated postoperative course, normal control Vaginoscopy. Normal rectal continence. Case 2: A 12-year-old boy, with RMS treated with prostate brachytherapy + chemotherapy in 2009. In December 2011 he presents with perianal recurrence diagnosed by surgical biopsy (median perineal incision) in the 5th chemotherapy cycle he is explored through an anterior sagital approach in “calix”, resecting suspicious tissue with no evidence of disease. Good postoperative course, currently completing cycles of chemotherapy. Normal rectal continence. The anterior sagital approach (ASTRA), widely used in pediatric urology, has the disadvantage of affecting the rectum, with the risk of sphincter injury and postoperative infections. When performing the anterior sagital incision “in calyx” we retain the amplitude of vision of the clinical field as with ASTRA, but reducing postoperative risks, allowing early feeding and early discharge due to the les symptoms...

Cirugía urológica en pacientes de 80 años y más: ¿es la edad un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de complicaciones postoperatorias? / Urological surgery in patients 80 years and older: is age a risk factor for the development of postoperative complications?

La expectativa de vida ha ido aumentando en Chile y en el mundo, lo que ha causado un gran impacto a nivel del número de cirugías que se realiza en la población añosa. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la experiencia de nuestro centro en cirugías urológicas en pacientes mayores de 80 años y analizar que factores aumentan el riesgo de complicaciones postquirúrgicas.Materiales y método: Análisis retrospectivo de 138 cirugías urológicas realizadas en 120 pacientes mayores de 80 años, durante los años 2000 a 2012. Se obtuvo información sociodemográfica, riesgo quirúrgico (ASA), tipo y duración de cirugía realizada, complicaciones post-operatorias (escala de Clavien) y tiempo de hospitalización. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados mediante el programa SPSS v17. Se realizó análisis multivariado y se estableció el riesgo relativo para el desarrollo de complicaciones. Se consideró signi ficativo p<0,05. Resultado: La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 84+/-3.7 años, 86.2 por ciento fueron hombres. El 96.7 por ciento presentaba algún tipo de comorbilidad, con predominio de hipertensión arterial (60,84 por ciento) y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (24,16 por ciento). La mayoría de las intervenciones fue de complejidad intermedia (77.27 por ciento), donde la anestesia regional (56,8 por ciento) y la vía endo urológica (84,78 por ciento) fueron las más utilizadas, con un tiempo operatorio promedio de 62+/-52.4 minutos. El riesgo quirúrgico prevalente fue ASA2 (62.7 por ciento). El promedio de hospitalización fue de 2,8+/-2.7 días. El 15.21 por ciento de los pacientes presentó algún tipo de complicación, con predominio de clasifi cación tipo 1 de Clavien (38 por ciento). En el análisis multivariado se evidenció como factores de riesgo signi ficativos para complicaciones, edad mayor a 90 años (p=0.03), presencia de insu ciencia renal (p=0.01), portar 4 o más comorbilidades (p=0.04), cirugía mayor a 3 horas (p=0.03) y tener riesgo quirúrgico ASA3 (p=0.04)...

Life expectancy has been increasing in Chile and in the World. This has caused a great impact over the number of surgeries being performed in the elderly population. The aim of this paper is to describe the experience of our center in urological surgery in patients older than 80 years and analyze which factors increase the risk of postoperative complications.Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of 138 urological surgeries performed in 120 patients older than 80 years, during the years 2000-2012. Sociodemographic information, surgical risk (ASA), type and duration of surgery, postoperative complications (Clavien scale) and length of hospitalization was obtained. The data were analyzed using SPSS v17. Multivariate analysis was performed and the relative risk for developing complications was established. Signi cance was p <0.05. Average age of the patients was 84 +/- 3.7 years, 86.2percentwere men. The 96.7 percenct had some kind of comorbidity, with prevalence of hypertension (60.84 percent) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (24.16 percent). Most of the interventions was of intermediate complexity (77.27percent), where regional anesthesia (56.8 percent) and endourological aproach (84.78 percent) were the most used, with average operative time of 62 +/- 52.4 minutes. Most common Surgical risk was ASA2 (62.7 percent). Average hospital stay was 2.8 +/- 2.7 days. 15.21 percent of patients had some type of complication, with a predominance of type 1 Clavien classication (38 percent). The multivariate analysis showed signi cant risk factors for complications: age greater than 90 years (p = 0.03), renal failure (p = 0.01), carrying 4 or more comorbidities (p = 0.04), surgery Langer than 3 hours (p = 0.03) and ASA3 surgical risk (p =.04). No mortality was reported in our series. In this study, although most of our patients underwent endourological procedures, we evidence that surgery in patients older than 80 years is feasible...

Rural surgery; experience at rural and backward desert region of Pakistan

To study the pattern of Urological and Non-Urological cases and their management at rural hospital. Descriptive and case series study. All surgical patients managed at civil hospital Mithi, from 3rd June 2009 to 3rd June 2012. In this study 4657 patients were enrolled. All patients presented with symptoms suggesting surgical disease and managed as surgical cases were included in the study. These patients were either admitted via outpatient department [OPD], emergency department or operated as OPD cases. The patients who received 1st aid medication and referred to tertiary care were not included. The variables noted and analyzed were patient's demographic data, provisional and final diagnosis, disease pattern, presentation, mode of admission, mode of treatment, nature of operation, complications and final outcome. All the data was analyzed by SPSS version-16 on computer. During three year study period, 4657 patients were managed either conservatively or operated upon. Out of total, 2591[55.6%] were emergency and 2066[44.36%] were elective admissions. The male female ratio was 4:1 .The mean age of patients was 36.5 Years. Urinary tract diseases were responsible for 1638 [35.17%], alimentary tract diseases 1242 [26.6%], trauma 932 [20.01%], soft tissue infections 546 [26.9%], superficial lumps 367 [18.13%] admission. Most common operative procedures for urinary tract diseases 409 [20.20%], soft tissue infections 546 [26.9%]. superficial lumps 367[18.13%], alimentary tract diseases [15.06%] 305, trauma [soft tissue repair and fractures 14.9%[303], were major bulk for operations. Regarding procedures Abscesses incision and drainage in 197 [22.6%] patients, cystolithotomy in 153 [17.6%], Hernioraphy [130] 14.9%, appendecectomy 105 [12.09%], haemorrhoidectomy 51[5.8%],breast abscess 38 [4.3%] breast lump [fibroadenoma] 25 [3.6%], hydrocele23 [2.6%], Ureterolithotomy 22 [2.5%] laparotomy 15 [1.7%], pyelolithotomy12, [1.3%] fissure in ano 13, [1.4%] undecended testis 12 [1.3%] Orchidectomy11 [1.3%] and abscesses psoas, perinal, scrotal 13 [1.4%], 18 [2.07%], 12 [1.3%] respectively. The concluded that the most common cause of seeking surgical care at back ward rural Tharparker was urinary tract diseases. Presence of surgical specialist at remote and back ward region Tharparker is candle in the dark. Main reason of patient referral to tertiary care was deficient in skill medical and surgical professionals, paramedic staff and medical equipments

Nefrostomía percutánea ecoguiada con catéter Arrow: experiencia en el servicio de urología del Hospital Carlos Van Buren de Valparaíso entre los años 2008-2011 / Ecographic guiden percutaneus nephrostomy with Arrow catheter: experience in the urology service of the Carlos Van Buren of Valparaiso between 2008-2011

La nefrostomía es una técnica urológica que permite la derivación temporal de la vía urinaria buscando con esto preservar la función renal, aliviar el dolor y/o drenar la orina infectada. En el servicio de urología del Hospital Van Buren se implementó una técnica de nefrostomía percutánea ecoguiada con catéter Arrow 14 que ha permitido tratar precozmente a pacientes con patología urinaria obstructiva, con complicaciones menores y bajo costo...

Nephrostomy is an urologic technique that allows the temporary derivation of the urinary tract allowing with this to preserve the renal function, to alleviate the pain, to drain tinkles it infected. ln the Service of Urology of the Hospital Van Buren a percutaneous technique of nefrostomy has been ¡implemented guided by echography that has allowed treats to tens about patients with obstructive urinary pathology in precocious form, with smaller complications and low cost...

Urgencia urológica y su manejo en unidad de emergencia / Urological emergencies and their management in a emergency unit

Las urgencias urológicas en el servicio público suelen ser manejadas por la unidad de emergencia. En esta unidad cirujanos generales son quienes deben decidir manejo o indicaciones de hospitalización de estos pacientes. No todas las unidades de emergencia cuentan con especialistas de llamado. Debido a esto quisimos evaluar los conocimientos generales de patología urológica de urgencia y su manejo por cirujanos de las unidades de emergencia. Se realizó encuesta con preguntas de patología urológica de urgencia y su manejo a cirujanos de 2 unidades de emergencia de hospitales tipo I. Se asignó puntaje considerando correctas menos incorrectas/ 2. Se analizan puntajes obtenidos y se compara si existe diferencia entre cirujanos con o sin rotación de urología en programa de especialidad. Se utilizó análisis no paramétrico de Mann-Whitney(p <0,05). Se realizaron 36 encuestados, 29 de los cirujanos recibieron instrucción de urología en su período de formación. Del total de encuestas, el puntaje alcanzado de respuestas correctas varía entre 4,5 y 15,5 de un total de 17 puntos. En 13 casos se obtuvo más del 75 por ciento de los puntos y 3 menos del 50 por ciento. No hubo diferencia entre quienes recibieron o no formación urológica (p 0,99)...

In our Health System general surgeons usually manage urology’s emergencies. They must decide if a patient needs to be managing inpatient or no. Our objective is tried to determine the general surgeon’s knowledge in some urological diseases. A questionnaire about diagnosis and treatment of urological diseases was applied to general surgeons in 2 emergency apartments. Score was assigned and analyzed.36 general surgeons were interviewed. In 29 cases they had urology rotation during their residency. Score were between 4.5 and 15.5. 13 surgeons got more than 75 percent in their scores. No difference between surgeons with or without urology rotation during their residence was found...

The one-stop clinic as the standard of out-patient care in a hospital urology department

PURPOSE: To evaluate the performance of a 'one-stop' clinic in terms of proportion of discharges or inclusion in surgical waiting lists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients were referred from primary care facilities (population 220.646) and from different departments in the hospital. Eight senior urologists, two registered nurses and two nurse attendants participated in the experience. Prior to the start of the project, referral protocols had been agreed with the primary care physicians involved. Compliance with the protocols was periodically tested. Eventually 5537 first visits (January-December 2009) where evaluable. RESULTS: Overall, the 'one-stop' format proved feasible in 74.2 percent of the patients (4108/5537). Patients, who successfully used the 'one-stop' format, were significantly younger than those who required additional consultations (43 vs 50 years old, respectively, Student's t test < 0.001). For obvious reasons the 'one-stop' format was universally possible in male sterilization and penile phimosis patients. Similarly, the 'one-stop' policy was applied in most consultations due to male sexual dysfunction (75 percent) and urinary tract infection (73 percent). Other health problems, such as haematuria (62 percent) and renal colic (46 percent), required more than one visit so that care of the patient reverted to the traditional, outpatient care model. CONCLUSION: A 'one-stop' philosophy is feasible for a number of procedures in a urological outpatient clinic. The costs to implement such an approach would be limited to managerial expenditure.

Uso de segmentos intestinales en urología: seguimiento a 5 años / Use of intestinal segments im urology: a 5-year follow-up

Introducción: Desde hace más de 50 años se utilizan segmentos intestinales en urología para aumentar o reemplazar vejigas, reemplazar uréteres y derivar la orina a través de segmentos de intestino aislados. Objetivo: Describir la casuística de cirugías con uso de segmentos intestinales y a los menos 5 años de seguimiento completo, realizada en el Servicio de Urología del HCVB, sus principales indicaciones, técnicas y complicaciones. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se revisaron 291 fichas de pacientes operados con uso de un segmento intestinal, con más de 5 años de seguimiento posterior, evaluando diagnóstico etiológico, técnica utilizada para enterocistoplastia, reservorio, neoimplante, ostomía y sus respectivas complicaciones a 3 meses, 5 años y final de seguimiento. Resultados: Se efectuaron 301 intervenciones (291 pacientes + 10 reinterveciones con uso de nuevos segmentos intestinales). Se seleccionan 111 casos (36,8 por ciento) en los que se dispone de seguimiento superior a 5 años. La principal indicación fue hiperactividad neurogénica del detrusor con 39 casos (35,14 por ciento); 30 casos (27,03 por ciento) de cistopatía intersticial; 16 casos (14,41 por ciento) de cáncer vesical; 11 casos (9,91 por ciento) de vejiga hiperactiva idiopática. Del total 70 fueron mujeres (63,06 por ciento), 41 fueron hombres (36,94 por ciento). La intervención más frecuente es la enterocistoplastia detubulizada de ampliación (79,28 por ciento), seguido por el reservorio ortotópico (10,9 por ciento). La elección del segmento intestinal se basó principalmente en la factibilidad anatómica, el íleon detubulizado en parche en U a la cara posterior para las enterocistoplastias de ampliación y el uso de segmentos de intestino grueso para fabricaciones deostomías continentes.La mayor cantidad de complicaciones se presenta en el periodo entre los 3 meses y 5 años de seguimiento (23 de 111 casos)

Introduction: Since over 50 years intestinal segments have been used in urology to augment or replace bladders, ureters and divert urine through isolated intestinal segments. Objective: The purpose of this article is to describe the use of intestinal segments in urological surgeries performed in the urological service of the HCVB, with a minimum of 5 years of follow-up. Indication, technique and complications are analyzed. Materials ad methods: It is an observational and retrospective study. 291 clinical charts of patients with use of intestinal segments in their surgery and more than 5 years of follow-up were analyzed. We evaluated diagnosis, technique used for bladder augmentation, reservoir, neoimplantation, stoma and their complications at a 3rd month, 5th year and end to follow-up moments. Results: A total of 301 surgeries were performed (291 patients + 10 revisions with use of new intestinal segments). 111 cases (36,8 percent) had a 5-year follow-up. Main indication for surgery was neurogenic detrusor hiperactivity in 39 cases (35,14 percent); there were 30 interstitial cystitis cases (27,03 percent); 16 cases ob bladder cancer (14,41 percent); 11 cases of idiopathic hyperactive bladder (9,91 percent). From the total group70 (63,06 percent) were female and 41 (36,94 percent) male. The most frequent surgery performed was the detubularized bladder augmentation (79,28 percent), followed by the orthotopic reservoir (19,9 percent).Election of the intestinal segment was based principally in technical feasibility, U-shaped detubularized ileum as a posterior patch for bladder augmentations and colon for continent stomas. Most complications occur between the 3rd month and the 5th year of follow-up (23 of 111 cases), needing non- surgical treatment in 12 cases, surgery in 6 cases and 3 patients stood in a life-risk situation. Continence is good in 88,7 percent of the cases. Conclusions: The use of intestinal segments for patch, reservoir and

Ostomías continentes para cateterismo intermitente: experiencia del Hospital Carlos van Buren / Continent stomas for intermittent catheterization: Hospital Carlos van Buren’s experience

Introducción: Existen situaciones en la práctica urológica, en que el daño al aparato esfinteriano, uretra o vejiga obliga a recurrir a algún mecanismo que permita derivar un reservorio o vejiga ampliada hacia la pared abdominal. Para estos fines es posible realizar ostomías continentes, con distintos segmentos intestinales, para autocateterismo intermitente limpio. Objetivo: Describir la experiencia con distintas técnicas de ostomía continente para cateterismo intermitente limpio, su evolución a través del tiempo y sus principales complicaciones según la casuística del Servicio de Urología del Hospital Carlos Van Buren. Materiales y Método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo. Revisión de 77 casos en los cuales se realizan ostomías continentes para cateterismo intermitente desde julio de 1988 a junio de 2009. Se evalúan: diagnóstico etiológico, técnica de ostomía, segmento intestinal, ubicación de extremo distal de ostomía y sus respectivas complicaciones precoces, tardías y estado al final del seguimiento. Resultado: En 83 ocasiones hemos necesitado hacer alguna derivación urinaria vesical continente a la pared abdominal con uso de segmentos intestinales. En 26 casos (31,3 por ciento) utilizamos íleon aplicado más alguna variedad que le permita cierta fijación. En nuestros últimos 33 (39,7 por ciento) pacientes hemos realizado la técnica de Yang-Monti, para ello se utilizó segmentos de intestino grueso en 27 casos (81,82 por ciento). La mayor cantidad de complicaciones de resolución quirúrgica (38,6 por ciento del total), se presentan en el periodo de 3 meses a 5 años; a su vez las complicaciones más graves lo hacen en el postoperatorio inmediato, en pacientes con baja reserva funcional (6 de 77) con 4 muertes en nuestra serie. La continencia es cercana al 100 por ciento, con 19,48 por ciento de reintervenciones de la ostomía para lograr este resultado. Conclusiones: El uso de ostomías continentes permite alcanzar un alto porcentaje de continencia

Introduction: There are situations in urologic practice, in which the damage to the sphincter, urethra or bladder forces to build some mechanism that allows diverting urine through a reservoir or augmented bladder towards the abdominal wall. For these purposes it is possible to build continent stomas, with different intestinal segments, for clean intermittent catheterization. Objective: To describe the Hospital Carlos van Buren’s experience with different continent stoma techniques for clean intermittent catheterization, its evolution through time and its main complications. Materials and Method: Retrospective observational study. From July 1988 to June 2009, 77 cases in which continent stomas for intermittent catheterization were built. Etiologic diagnosis, surgical technique, intestinal segment, location of distal end of the stoma and its respective early and delayed complications and status at the end of follow-up are evaluated. Results: In 83 occasions we have needed to make some continent urinary diversion to the abdominal wall with use of intestinal segments. In 26 cases (31.3 percent) we used folded ileum plus some variety of fixations. In our last 33 (39.7 percent) patients we have used the Yang-Monti technique, and for that we used thick bowel in 27 cases (81.82 percent).Most complications of surgical resolution (38.6 percent of the total), appeared in the 3 months to 5 years period; most serious complications appeared in the early post-operative period, in patients with low functional reserve (6 of 77) with four deaths in the series. Continence is almost 100 percent, with 19.48 percent of stomal re-interventions to obtain these results. Conclusions: The use of continent stomas allows a high percentage of continence. This allows self standing patients, with a positive impact on their quality of life when compared to incontinent stomas

New trends in minimally invasive urological surgery

Purpose: The perceived benefits of minimally-invasive surgery include less postoperative pain, shorter hospitalization, reduced morbidity and better cosmesis while maintaining diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcome. We review the new trends in minimally-invasive urological surgery. Materials and method: We reviewed the English language literature using the National Library of Medicine database to identify the latest technological advances in minimally-invasive surgery with particular reference to urology. Results: Amongst other advances, studies incorporating needlescopic surgery, laparoendoscopic single-site surgery , magnetic anchoring and guidance systems, natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery and flexible robots were considered of interest. The results from initial animal and human studies are also outlined. Conclusion: Minimally-invasive surgery continues to evolve to meet the demands of the operators and patients. Many novel technologies are still in the testing phase, whilst others have entered clinical practice. Further evaluation is required to confirm the safety and efficacy of these techniques and validate the published reports.

Laparoscopic surgery for renal stones: is it indicated in the modern endourology era?

Purpose: To report the outcomes of laparoscopic surgery combined with endourological assistance for the treatment of renal stones in patients with associated anomalies of the urinary tract. To discuss the role of laparoscopy in kidney stone disease. Materials and Methods: Thirteen patients with renal stones and concomitant urinary anomalies underwent laparoscopic stone surgery combined with ancillary endourological assistance as needed. Their data were analyzed retrospectively including stone burden, associated malformations, perioperative complications and outcomes. Results: Encountered anomalies included ureteropelvic junction obstruction, horseshoe kidney, ectopic pelvic kidney, fussed-crossed ectopic kidney, and double collecting system. Treatment included laparoscopic pyeloplasty, pyelolithotomy, and nephrolithotomy combined with flexible nephroscopy and stone retrieval. Intraoperative complications were lost stones in the abdomen diagnosed in two patients during follow up. Mean number of stones removed was 12 (range 3 to 214). Stone free status was 77 percent (10/13) and 100 percent after one ancillary treatment in the remaining patients. One patient had a postoperative urinary leak managed conservatively. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty was successful in all patients according to clinical and dynamic renal scan parameters. Conclusions: In carefully selected patients, laparoscopic and endourological techniques can be successfully combined in a one procedure solution that deals with complex stone disease and repairs underlying urinary anomalies.

Tratamiento endoscópico de estenosis ureteral en paciente con trasplante renal / Endoscopic management of ureteral stenosis in a transplanted kidney

Las complicaciones post trasplante han disminuido gracias a la mejor inmunosupresión y las técnicas quirúrgicas más desarrolladas, pese a ello, la estenosis de la unión ureterovesical se mantiene como una frecuente causa de morbilidad (2 por ciento al 10 por ciento), representando el 70 por ciento de las complicaciones urológicas. El tratamiento mínimamente invasivo endourológico es una opción válida con muy buenos resultados e índices bajos de complicaciones. Presentamos un caso clínico de estenosis ureteral en un paciente trasplantado y describimos su resolución a través de una técnica endourológica anterógrada.

Secondary to a better immunosuppression and surgical techniques post-transplant complications have decreased, however the ureterovesical junction stricture remains a frequent cause of morbidity (2 to 10 percent), representing the 70 percent of urologic complications. The minimally invasive endourological treatment is an alternative treatment with very good results and low complications rates. We present a case of neovesical junction stricture in a transplant patient and describe its resolution through an anterógrada endourological technique.