Treatment of patients with aortic atherosclerotic disease with paclitaxel-associated lipid nanoparticles

OBJECTIVE: The toxicity of anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents can be reduced by associating these compounds, such as the anti-proliferative agent paclitaxel, with a cholesterol-rich nanoemulsion (LDE) that mimics the lipid composition of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). When injected into circulation, the LDE concentrates the carried drugs in neoplastic tissues and atherosclerotic lesions. In rabbits, atherosclerotic lesion size was reduced by 65% following LDE-paclitaxel treatment. The current study aimed to test the effectiveness of LDE-paclitaxel on inpatients with aortic atherosclerosis. METHODS: This study tested a 175 mg/m2 body surface area dose of LDE-paclitaxel (intravenous administration, 3/3 weeks for 6 cycles) in patients with aortic atherosclerosis who were aged between 69 and 86 yrs. A control group of 9 untreated patients with aortic atherosclerosis (72-83 yrs) was also observed. RESULTS: The LDE-paclitaxel treatment elicited no important clinical or laboratory toxicities. Images were acquired via multiple detector computer tomography angiography (64-slice scanner) before treatment and at 1-2 months after treatment. The images showed that the mean plaque volume in the aortic artery wall was reduced in 4 of the 8 patients, while in 3 patients it remained unchanged and in one patient it increased. In the control group, images were acquired twice with an interval of 6-8 months. None of the patients in this group exhibited a reduction in plaque volume; in contrast, the plaque volume increased in three patients and remained stable in four patients. During the study period, one death unrelated to the treatment occurred in the LDE-paclitaxel group and one death occurred in the control group. CONCLUSION: Treatment with LDE-paclitaxel was tolerated by patients with cardiovascular disease and showed the potential to reduce atherosclerotic lesion size.

Effects of atorvastatin on warfarin-induced aortic medial calcification and systolic blood pressure in rats / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The effect of atorvastatin on warfarin-induced aortic medial calcification and systolic blood pressure (SBP) of rats induced by warfarin was studied. Thirty healthy and adult rats were randomly divided into Warfarin group (n=10), Atorvastatin group (n=10) and normal control group (n=10). Caudal arterial pressure of rats was measured once a week, and 4 weeks later, aorta was obtained. Elastic fiber, collagen fiber and calcium accumulation in tunica media of cells were measured by Von Kossa staining. The results showed that warfarin treatment led to elevation of systolic blood pressure and aortic medial calcification. The chronic treatment also increased collagen, but decreased elastin in the aorta. However, the atorvastatin treatment had adverse effects. It was concluded that treatment with atorvastatin presented evidence of blood pressure lowing and calcification reducing. These data demonstrate that atorvastatin protected aortic media from warfarin-induced calcification and elevation of systolic blood pressure.

Efeitos da atorvastatina, fluvastatina, pravastatina e simvastatina sobre a função endotelial, a peroxidação lipídica e a aterosclerose aórtica em coelhos hipercolesterolêmicos / Effects of atorvastatin, fluvastatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin on endothelial function, lipid peroxidation, and aortic atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits

OBJETIVO: Comparar os efeitos da atorvastatina, fluvastatina, pravastatina e simvastatina sobre a função endotelial, a aterosclerose aórtica e o teor de malonodialdeído (MDA) nas LDL nativas, oxidadas e na parede arterial de coelhos hipercolesterolêmicos, depois que as doses destas estatinas foram ajustadas para reduzir o colesterol total plasmático a valores similares. MÉTODOS: Coelhos machos, foram separados em grupos de 10 animais (n=10), chamados hipercolesterolêmico (controle), atorvastatina, fluvastatina, pravastatina e normal. A exceção do grupo normal, os animais foram alimentados com ração padrão acrescida de colesterol a 0,5 por cento e óleo de coco a 2 por cento durante 45 dias. As drogas foram administradas a partir do 15° dia do início do experimento e no 30° dia, as doses foram ajustadas, através do controle do colesterol plasmático, para obter valores semelhantes em cada grupo. Ao final do experimento foi dosado o colesterol plasmático e as lipoproteinas e retirado um segmento de aorta torácica para estudo da função endotelial, da peroxidação lipídica e exame histológico para medida da aterosclerose aórtica. RESULTADOS: As estatinas reduziram significantemente o colesterol total plasmático, as LDL-colesterol e a aterosclerose aórtica. O teor de MDA também foi significantemente reduzido nas LDL nativas e oxidadas, assim como na parede arterial. O relaxamento-dependente do endotélio foi significantemente maior no grupo tratado em comparação ao hipercolesterolêmico. CONCLUSÃO: As estatinas, em doses ajustadas, tiveram efeito significante e similar em reduzir a peroxidação lipídica nas LDL e na parede arterial, na regressão da aterosclerose aórtica e na reversão da disfunção endotelial.