Concurrent urinary and bowel diversion: Surgical modification with sigmoid colon that avoids a bowel anastomosis

ABSTRACT Objective: Cystectomy with urinary diversion is the gold standard for muscle invasive bladder cancer. It also may be performed as part of pelvic exenteration for non-urologic malignancy, neurogenic bladder dysfunction, and chronic conditions that result in a non-functional bladder (e.g., interstitial cystitis, radiation cystitis). Our objective is to describe the surgical technique of urinary diversion using large intestine as a conduit whilst creating an end colostomy, thereby avoiding a primary bowel anastomosis and to show its applicability with respect to urologic conditions. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed five cases from a single institution that utilized the described method of urinary diversion with large intestine. We describe operative times, hospital length of stay (LOS), and describe post-operative complications. Results: Five patients with a variety of urologic and oncologic pathology underwent the described procedures. Their operative times ranged from 5 hours to 11 hours and one patient experienced a Clavien III complication. Conclusion: We describe five patients who underwent this procedure for various medical indications, and describe their outcomes, and believe dual diversion of urinary and gastrointestinal systems with colon as a urinary conduit to be an excellent surgical option for the appropriate surgical candidate.

Nonsecretory intestinocystoplasty: postoperative outcomes of 25 years

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of bladder augmentation (BA) is to create a low-pressure reservoir with adequate capacity. Despite its benefits, the use of intestinal patches in bladder enlargement provides a high risk of developing complications and BA with demucosalised bowel represents a potential alternative. Therefore, this study evaluated urological parameters and long-term clinical follow-up of patients submitted to non-secretory BA in a single center with 25 years of experience. Materials and Methods Patients treated with BA underwent urological evaluation, which included history, physical examination and urodynamic study. The main urodynamic parameters (bladder capacity and bladder compliance) were assessed in the pre and postoperative moments, and compared by the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. The main long-term complications were described. Results 269 patients (mean age 14±13 years, 47% male) underwent BA with the use of demucolised intestinal segments. Among the patients in the sample, 187 (69.52%) had neurogenic bladder, 68 (25.28%) had bladder exstrophy, nine had tuberculosis (3.34%), four had a posterior urethral valve (1.49%) and one with hypospadia (0.37%). After the surgical procedure, a significant increment in both urodynamic parameters was found, with a 222% increase in bladder capacity and 604% in bladder compliance (p <0.001 in both analyzes). Mean follow-up time ranged from 2 to 358 months, with a median of 72 months (IQR 74-247). Among all patients, 5 presented spontaneous perforation. Conclusion The study showed statistically significant increase in both compliance and bladder capacity after non-secretory BA, with a low rate of severe complications.

Can baseline serum creatinine and e-GFR predict renal function outcome after augmentation cystoplasty in children?

ABSTRACT Objective To assess cut-off value of creatinine and glomerular filtration rate for augmentation cystoplasty (AC) in paediatric age-group. Materials and Methods Data of all paediatric-patients (<18 years) with small capacity bladder, in whom AC was advised between 2005-2015 were reviewed. All patients were divided in two-groups, AC-group and control-group (without AC). Creatinine and e-GFR were assessed at the time of surgery, at 6 months and at last follow-up. Renal function deterioration was defined as increase in creatinine by ≥25% from baseline value or new-onset stage-3 CKD or worsening of CKD stage with pre-operative-CKD stage-3. ROCs were plotted using creatinine and e-GFR for AC. Results A total of 94 patients with mean-age 8.9 years were included. The mean creatinine and e-GFR were 1.33mg/dL and 57.68mL/min respectively. Out of 94 patients, AC was performed in 45 patients and in the remaining 49 patients AC was not done (control-group), as they were not willing for the same. Baseline patient's characteristics were comparable in both Groups. 22 underwent gastro-cystoplasty (GC) and 25 underwent ileo-cystoplasty (IC). Decline in renal function was observed in 15 (33.3%) patients of AC-group and in 31 (63.3%) patients of control-group. Patients having creatinine ≥1.54mg/dL (P=0.004, sensitivity (S) 63.6% and specificity (s) 90.5%) at baseline and e-GFR ≤46mL/min (P=0.000, S=100% and s=85.7%) at the time of surgery had significantly increased probability of renal function deterioration on follow-up after AC. Conclusion e-GFR ≤46mL/min and creatinine ≥1.54mg/dL at time of surgery could serve as a predictor of renal function deterioration in AC in paediatric patients.

Transition to adulthood with a bladder augmentation: histopathologic concerns

ABSTRACT Aim: To investigate the histopathologic changes in native bladder and gastrointestinal segment, the relation between histopathologic changes, type of operation and the period passed over operation in patients with bladder augmentation. Materials and methods: Twenty consecutive patients were enrolled in this study. Histopathologic evaluation of the cystoscopic mucosal biopsies from native bladder and enteric augment was performed in all patients. Results: Active or chronic non-specific inflammation of various degrees was found in all specimens except two. Metaplastic changes were detected in 3 patients. Two patients had squamous metaplasia (one focal, one extensive) and one patient had intestinal metaplasia. All metaplastic changes were found in native bladder specimens. The type of augmentation in patients with metaplastic changes were ileocystoplasty and sigmoidocystoplasty. No signs of malignancy were detected in any patient. Conclusion: The complexity of the disorders requiring bladder augmentation does not let the surgeons to draw a clear line between different groups of complications including malignancy formation. However, due to challenging course of the augmentation procedure itself, surgeons should be well aware of the possibility of malignancy development.

Cystoscopy-assisted laparoscopy for bladder endometriosis: modified light-to-light technique for bladder preservation

ABSTRACT Introduction Endometriosis is a disease with causes still unclear, affecting approximately 15% of women of reproductive age, and in 1%-2% of whom it may involve the urinary tract. The bladder is the organ most frequently affected by endometriosis, observed around 85% of the cases. In such cases, the most effective treatment is partial cystectomy, especially via videolaparoscopy. Study Objective, Design, Size and Duration In order to identify and delimit the extent of the intravesical endometriosis lesion, to determine the resection limits, as well as to perform an optimal reconstruction of the organ aiming for its maximum preservation, we performed a cystoscopy simultaneously with the surgery, employing a modified light-to-light technique in 25 consecutive patients, from September 2006 to May 2012. Setting Study performed at Campinas Medical Center – Campinas – Sao Paulo – Brazil.Participants/materials, setting and methods: Patients aged 27 to 47 (average age: 33.4 years) with deep endometriosis with total bladder involvement were selected for the study. The technique used was conventional laparoscopy with a transvaginal uterine manipulator and simultaneous cystoscopy (the light-to-light technique). A partial videolaparoscopic cystectomy was performed with cystoscopy-assisted vesical reconstruction throughout the entire surgical time. The lesions had an average size of 2.75cm (ranging from 1.5 to 5.5cm). The average surgical time was 137.7 minutes, ranging from 110 to 180 minutes. Main Results Postoperative follow-up time was 32.4 months (12-78 months), with clinical evaluation and a control cystoscopy performed every six months. No relapse was observed during the follow-up period. Conclusions A cystoscopy-assisted partial laparoscopic cystectomy with a modified light-to-light technique is a method that provides adequate identification of the lesion limits, intra or extravesically. It also allows a safe reconstruction of the organ aiming for its maximum preservation.

Complications after bladder augmentation in children

PURPOSE : Bladder augmentation is an effective surgical procedure for increasing bladder capacity and reducing pressure on the urinary system. It is indicated for patients with anomalies such as spina bifida, myelomeningocele, urethral valve and bladder exstrophy, who progress with low tolerance of medication. CASES : This was a retrospective study conducted on pediatric patients submitted to bladder augmentation from 2000 to 2011. RESULTS : 34 patients aged 4 to 17 years were submitted to bladder augmentation, 30 of them with an ileal loop and 4 with a ureter.A continent urinary shunt was performed in 16 patients, the Mitrofanoff conduit was associated in 15, and the Macedo technique was used in one. Mean follow-up was 34.35 months (1 to 122 months). Mean creatinine was 1.5 ng/ml (0.4 to 7.5 ng/ml) preoperatively and 1.78 ng/ml postoperatively. Three patients required a renal transplant during follow-up. There was improvement or resolution of vesicoureteral reflux in 83.5% of the kidneys on the right and in 75% on the left. Bladder capacity increased, on average, from 152.5 ml to 410 ml. The main complications were vesical lithiasis in 3 patients and conduit perforation in one. CONCLUSION : Bladder augmentation showed good results in this series, preserving renal function in most of the patients.

Cistectomia com reconstrução de neobexiga ortotópica ileal para tratamento de bexiga contraída após aplicação de bacilo de Calmette-Guérin intravesical / Cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder reconstruction for treatment of bladder contracture after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy

O câncer de bexiga é um importante problema de saúde mundial, tanto pelas elevadas taxas de prevalência, quanto pelos custos relacionados ao tratamento. Desde a introdução da imunoterapia intravesical adjuvante com bacilo Calmette-Guérin, vem sendo observada diminuição na taxa de recorrência. As principais complicações são de pequeno porte e simples resolução a partir de medidas locais e orientações. A bexiga contraída, uma complicação local rara e grave, mas incapacitante em alguns casos, é observada principalmente em doentes com um programa de manutenção. Relatamos aqui o caso de um paciente masculino submetido a ressecção transuretral da bexiga por um carcinoma urotelial T1 de alto grau, que desenvolveu tal complicação durante tratamento com bacilo Calmette-Guérin, sendo portanto submetido à cistoprostatectomia com realização de neobexiga ortotópica ileal.

Bladder cancer is an important health problem worldwide due to high prevalence rates and costs related to treatment. A reduction in recurrence rates has been observed since the introduction of adjuvant intravesical immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guerin. There are mild complications that are easily solved by local measures and orientations. Bladder contracture, a rare and severe local complication, in some cases leading to disability, is observed primarily in patients in a maintenance program. In this article we reported the case of a male patient who underwent transurethral resection of the bladder because of a high-grade T1 urothelial carcinoma and developed this complication during treatment with bacillus Calmette-Guerin. For this reason he was submitted to cystoprostatectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder reconstruction.

Primary localized amyloidosis of bladder: Is there a need for cystoscopic surveillance?

Amyloidosis is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by extracellular deposition of amorphous proteinaceous material in various tissues. Amyloidosis of bladder is of significant clinical interest to the urologist because of its presentation as urothelial cancer. Transurethral resection and histology examination is essential to exclude malignancy and to establish the benign nature of amyloidosis. Apart from managing the localized bladder amyloidosis, it is important to exclude systemic amyloidosis. Here in we describe two cases of localized, primary amyloidosis and discuss briefly their management and follow-up

Manejo quirúrgico de la endometriosis vésico-ureteral y sus complicaciones / Surgical management of deep endometriosis

La endometriosis ureteral es una infrecuente localización de endometriosis profunda, que puede condicionar una grave disminución de la función renal de forma silenciosa. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con fibrosis peritoneal secundaria a endometriosis profunda, cuya inespecífica sintomatologia conllevó un retraso diagnóstico, permitiendo el desarrollo de hidronefrosis. Es necesario descartar la presencia de endometriosis profunda en mujeres en edad fértil con hidronefrosis de etiología desconocida.

Deep endometriosis rarely entails ureteral involvement. It may be responsible of asymptomatic loss of renal function. A 35-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 1, was managed for peritoneal fibrosis due to deep infiltrating endometriosis. The nonspecific symptoms let a delayed diagnosis and a subsequent hydronephrosis. It must be excluded the existence of deep endometriosis in women of childbearing age with hydronephrosis of unknown etiology.

Iatrogenic neonatal bladder perforation

Neonatal bladder rupture is rare as a complication of bladder obstruction due to abnormal anatomy or iatrogenic causes. The present study describes the case of a 3-day-old infant with ascites due to bladder perforation secondary probably to manual decompression of the bladder. The infant underwent successful surgical repair of the perforation

Early morphological and histochemical alterations in rats subjected to ileocystoplasty / Alterações morfológicas e histoquímicas precoces em ratos submetidos à ileocistoplastia

PURPOSE: To study morphologic and histochemical alterations arising at the ileocystoplasty site. METHODS: Sixteen Wistar female rats were subjected to ileocystoplasty and sacrificed after eight weeks. Material collected was divided into four groups for histological and histochemical studies: Group I (control) - isolated ileum segment removed during ileocystoplasty; Group II - ileoileal anastomosis; Group III - ileovesical anastomosis and Group IV - ileal segment from the neobladder. Histological and histochemical study assessed dysplasia, metaplasia, acute and chronic inflammation, fibrosis, atrophy, hypertrophy, total mucins, sialomucins and sulfomucins. The non-parametric Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were employed in statistical analysis. RESULTS: None of the groups presented dysplasia. Acute inflammation and atrophy occurred in Groups II, III and IV, not reaching statistical significance. Metaplasia was significant only in Group III (p=0.012). Chronic inflammation, fibrosis and hypertrophy were significant in Groups II, III and IV. There was a significant increase in total mucin content in Group IV (p=0.014) and a reduction in Group III (p=0.016). Increases in sialomucins were observed in samples for Groups III (p=0.003) and IV (p=0.002) along with reduced sulfomucins in samples from Groups III (p=0.013) and IV (p=0.008). CONCLUSION: Ileocystoplasty in female rats caused squamous metaplasia, chronic inflammatory infiltration, fibrosis, hypertrophy, increase in sialomucin content, reduction in sulfomucins, and alterations in total mucin content with statistical significance, as well acute inflammatory infiltration and muscular atrophy with less intensity.

OBJETIVO: Estudar alterações morfológicas e histoquímicas nas ileocistoplastias em ratos fêmea. MÉTODOS: 16 ratos fêmea foram submetidos à ileocistoplastia, sacrificadas após oito semanas. O material coletado foi e dividido em quatro grupos para análise morfológica e histoquímica: Grupo I (controle) biópsia intestinal no momento da cirurgia; Grupo II - anastomose íleo-ileal; Grupo III - anastomose íleo-vesical e Grupo IV - segmento intestinal da neobexiga. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: displasia, metaplasia, processo inflamatório agudo e crônico, fibrose, atrofia, hipertrofia, conteúdo total de mucinas, sialomucinas e sulfomucinas. Utilizou-se os testes não-paramétricos de Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney para estudo estatístico. RESULTADOS: Não houve displasia. Processo inflamatório agudo e atrofia ocorreram nos grupos II, III e IV, sem significância estatística. Metaplasia com significância estatística ocorreu somente no grupo III (p=0.012). Processo inflamatório crônico, fibrose e hipertrofia foram significantes nos grupos II, III e IV. Observou-se aumento significante no conteúdo total de mucinas no grupo IV (p=0.014) e redução no grupo III (p=0.013). Aumento significante de sialomucinas foi observado nos grupos III (p=0.003) e IV (p=0.002) e redução significante das sulfomucinas nos grupos III (p=0.013) e IV (p=0.008). CONCLUSÃO: Nas ileocistoplastias em ratos fêmea observou-se metaplasia escamosa, processo inflamatório crônico, fibrose, hipertrofia, aumento do conteúdo de sialomucinas, redução das sulfomucinas e alterações no conteúdo total de mucinas com significância estatística, bem como atrofia e processo inflamatório agudo em menor intensidade.

Neonatal bladder rupture.

Neonatal bladder rupture is rare as a complication of bladder obstruction due to abnormal anatomy or iatrogenic cause such as umbilical catheterization. The present study describes the case of a 27-day old infant with ascites due to bladder perforation secondary to bladder wall necrosis as a result of severe urinary tract infection. The baby was treated aggressively with antibiotics and underwent successful surgical repair of the perforation.

A new extra-abdominal channel alternative to the mitrofanoff principle: experimental and preliminary clinical experience

INTRODUCTION: The appendix is the gold-standard channel for the Mitrofanoff principle in pediatric urology, but the search for alternatives is justified considering it may not be available or preferably used for colonic stomas (Malone antegrade continence enema). The aim of this study is to report on technical feasibility of a new approach for creating catheterizable channels in a rabbit model and to present our preliminary clinical experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We configured a tube from two rectangular skin flaps 1x4 cm opposite each other in the middle line of the lower inferior abdomen. The channel was anastomosed to the bladder dome with embedding sutures to create a valvular mechanism. The experimental study consisted of 12 rabbits, divided in 4 groups according to the sacrifice schedule at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. At 30th postoperative day, an urodynamic evaluation was performed to record continence of the stoma. A histological analysis of the specimens stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome and Picrosirius red was also done in group 2 (sacrifice at 4 weeks postoperatively). We used this method in 3 patients with congenital non-neurogenic bladder disease presenting with massive residual volumes without compliance deficits. RESULT: The technique proved feasible in all animals, 9 of 12 could be easily catheterized and underwent urodynamic study. No stoma leakage was observed in 7 animals at high bladder pressures (> 50 cm H20) and only 2 animals had some leakage at 40 cm H20. Urodynamics performed through the stoma showed urethral leakage at 20 cm H20, therefore demonstrating the efficacy of the valvular mechanism. Histological analysis confirmed good integration between the tube and the bladder. Mean follow-up of the clinical series (3 patients) was 7.2 months. Two patients remained continent up to 4 hours, whereas 1 patient had some leakage after 2 hours. CONCLUSION: We were able to confirm feasibility of a new extra-abdominal...

Neovejiga ileal ortotópica en mujeres / Orthotopic ileal neobladder in women

Introducción: En la actualidad existe consenso en que el método ideal de derivación urinaria luego de la cistectomía radical es la neovejiga ortotópica construida con un segmento detubulizado de intestino. Sin embargo no fue sino hasta hace pocos años que esta alternativa se ha considerado válida en mujeres, al constatar que es seguro preservar la uretra desde el punto de vista oncológico y que los resultados funcionales son adecuados. Presentamos una serie de pacientes sometidas a cistectomía por diferentes indicaciones en quienes se reconstituyó la vía urinaria con una neovejiga ileal ortotópica. Material y métodos: Se analizan los resultados de 6 pacientes sometidas a cistectomía y reconstrucción de la vía urinaria con una neovejiga ortotópica. Se realizaron 2 exanteraciones anteriores por cáncer vesical invasor y 4 cistectomías totales por cistitis intersticial en 2 casos, por cistitis actínica en 1 caso y por cistitis eosinofílica en 1 caso. La neovejiga se confeccionó en todos los casos con íleon desfuncionalizado, detubularizado y reconfigurado en forma esférica, anastomosado a la uretra y a ambos ureteres. Resultados: Ninguna de las pacientes de esta serie presentó complicaciones en el intraoperatorio ni en el postoperatorio inmediato. Con un seguimiento que va entre los 5 y 12 años todas las pacientes se encuentran vivas y orinando por la uretra nativa. Dos pacientes tienen continencia completa, una paciente tiene incontinencia nocturna y tres pacientes necesitan autocateterismo. Una de las últimas desarrolló una litiasis en la neovejiga. Todas las pacientes se encuentran satisfechas con su derivación urinaria. Conclusión: La neovejiga ortotópica es una alternativa válida luego de la cistectomía en mujeres seleccionadas, con resultados comparables a los obtenidos en hombres. Debiera ser la derivación urinaria de elección si se cumplen los criterios de selección y técnica quirúrgica.

Introduction: Current consensus places orthotopic ileal neobladder as the best option for bladder substitution alter radical cystectomy. However, recently this technique has gained wide acceptance in female patients only after it was proven safe to preserve urethra in an oncological setting. We report a series of female patients that underwent radical cystectomy and orthotopic ileal neobladder. Material and methods: Results in 6 patients that underwent radical cystectomy with ileal neobladder are analyzed. Two anterior exanterations for invasive bladder cancer and 2 total cystectomies for interstitial cystitis and 1 for actinic and eosinophilic cystitis respectively. In all cases neobladder was made out of detubularized ileon reconfigured as a pouch and anastomosed to the urethra and ureters. Results: None of the patients presented intraoperative or postoperative complications. Follow-up varied between 5 and 12 years. All patients are alive and urinating through their native urethra. Two patients have complete continence, one patient presents only day continence and 3 patients require authocatheterism, one of them presented with bladder stone. All patients are satisfied with their urinary diversion. Conclusion: Ileal neobladder is a valid alternative for bladder substitution in selected female patients. Results are comparable with the ones obtained in male patients. It should be the diversion of choice if selection and technical criteria are met.

Cistectomía y derivación urinaria: ¿es la operación de Bricker aún una opción válida? / Cystectomy and urinary diversion: is bricker ileal conduit a valid option?

Introducción: Existen múltiples razones por las cuales se hace necesario realizar una cistectomía radical, aunque claramente la principal es indiscutidamente el cáncer vesical. El conducto ileal u operación de Bricker ha sido, tradicionalmente, la forma más utilizada de derivación urinaria supravesical. A través de múltiples publicaciones se conocen las limitaciones y complicaciones de esta cirugía, principalmente en el largo plazo. Material y métodos: El presente estudio presenta una revisión retrospectiva de los pacientes sometidos a cistectomía y reemplazo vesical, en el Hospital Militar de Santiago, entre los años 1982 y 2008. De estos reemplazos vesicales, 23 fueron operaciones de Bricker, 4 operaciones de Studer y 1 Indiana. Se detallan las complicaciones precoces y tardías ocurridas durante el tiempo de seguimiento. Resultados: En términos generales, la serie muestra que la operación de Bricker tiene una tasa de complicaciones precoces de un 26 por ciento y de complicaciones tardías de un 17,4 por ciento. Conclusión: Consideramos que la operación de Bricker constituye una adecuada alternativa de derivación urinaria, con un índice de complicaciones aceptable en el largo plazo.

Introduction: Currently, radical cystectomies are perfomed for many reasons, but bladder cancer is still considered to be the most important one. The ileal conduit or Bricker’s diversion is the most common supravesical urinary diversion technique. Limitations and long term complications of this surgical technique are well known. Material and Methods: In this study we present a retrospective review of patients submitted to radical cystectomy and bladder replacement at the “Hospital Militar de Santiago” between 1982 and 2008. Of 28 cystectomies, 23 ileal conduits, 4 Studer procedures and 1 Indiana procedure were performed. Perioperative and long term complications are described. Results: The study shows that Bricker’s procedure has an early complication rate of 26 percent and a late complication rate of 17.4 percent. Conclusions: This study shows that ileal conduit seems to be a good alternative of urinary diversion, with an acceptable rate of short and long term complications.

Será seguro ampliar la vejiga en relación al trasplante renal? / Is bladder augmentation safe in the setting of renal transplant?

Tradicionalmente se evitaba arriesgar un transplante renal en niños con mal funcionamiento de su vía urinaria. Nuestro centro fue pionero en la región en promover el concepto que la ampliación vesical permitiría un transplante renal exitoso. Para evaluar la veracidad de aquel concepto, revisamos todos aquellos niños tranplantados renales (TX) que tuvieron ampliación vesical (AV). Método: Se realizó revisión retrospectiva de fichas clínicas e imágenes radiológicas de todos los pacientes del programa de transplante renal de nuestro hospital en los últimos 22 años. Los criterios de inclusión fueron haber sido transplantado y haber sido operado de AV previo al 31 de diciembre de 2005. Resultados: Entre 1983- 2005 se realizaron 93 TX. De los 80 casos en que se recuperó todos los datos, 16 (20 por ciento) niños recibieron AV; 7 niñas y 9 niños. Edad y peso promedio al momento del TX fue 12 años (rango 6-17a) y 26 kilos (rango 14-41kg) respectivamente. Los diagnósticos urológicos eran vejiga neurogénica (n =8), uropatía obstructiva (n =5) y RVU (n =3). El segmento utilizado para AV fue ureter (n =7), sigmoide sin desmucosar (n =5), sigmoide desmucosado (n =2) e ileon (n =2). 5 pacientes fueron ampliados post TX. Después de un tiempo promedio de seguimiento de 71 meses (rango 12-144m), las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron ITU (n =13), RVU (n =6), litiasis (n =2) y acidosis metabólica (n =1). Se pudo recuperar información urodinamica previo a la ampliación vesical en 9/16 niños y post ampliación en 16/16. La capacidad vesical pre y post- ampliación presentó una mediana de 108 cc (rango 20-250 cc) y 450cc (rango 130-800cc) respectivamente. La acomodación previo a la AV estaba disminuida en 9/9 (<10 ml/cmH2O) y fue buena en 16/16 (>25 ml/cmH2O). La creatinina post-cirugía en promedio era de 1,28 mg/dl (rango 0,4- 2,39 mg/dl). No hubo pérdida del injerto en esta serie, siendo comparable la sobrevida a 5 años con aquellos niños trasplantados sin ampliación...

The traditional thought was that to relate a kidney transplant (KT) and a bladder augmentation (BA) could be risky. Our centre was one of the first in the region to promote the concept that a bladder augmentation would allow a successful KT. The aim of this study is to evaluate the veracity of that concept. Methods: Case note review of all the patients of the Kidney Transplant Programme from our hospital in the last 22 years. Inclusion criteria were to have received a KT and also a BA before december 31st 2005. Results: There were 93 KT between 1983 and 2005. From the 80 cases where data could be recovered, 16(20 percent) had a BA; 7 girls and 9 boys. Age and weight at the transplant time was 12 years (range 6-17 y) and 26 kg (range 14-41 kg) respectively. Urological diagnoses were neurogenic bladder (n =8), obstructive uropathy (n =5) and VUR (n =3). The segment used for BA was ureter (n =7), sigmoid without demucosalized(n =5), demucosalized sigmoid (n =2) and ileum (n =2). 5 patients were augmented after KT. The mean follow-up was 71 months (range 12-144m) and the most frequent complications were UTI (n =13), VUR (n=6), lithiasis (n=2) and metabolic acidosis (n =1). Pre transplant urodynamic data could be recovered in 9/16 cases and post KD in 16/16. Median bladder capacity pre and post transplantation was 108 cc (range 20-250cc) and 450cc (range 130-800cc) respectively. Bladder compliance pre transplant was reduce in 9/9 (<10 ml/cmH2O) and was good in 16/16 (>25 ml/cmH2O). The mean post KT creatinine was1.28 mg/dl (range 0.4-2.39 mg/dl). There was no graft lost in this series, presenting comparable graft survival at 5 years with those cases of KT without BA. Conclusión: Considering that graft survival is similar between those children with and without bladder augmentation, the authors confirm that BA is not a risky procedure for a KT. On the other hand, if 20 percent of the patient of our Kidney Transplant Programme required...

A multidisciplinary approach to surgical management of placenta previa percreta with bladder invasion: a case report

Placenta previa percreta with bladder invasion occurs rarely. However this disorder has become more common since the increased rate of cesarean deliveries. We present a 26 year old gravida 3, para 2-0-1-2 female with placenta previa, percreta and bladder invasion to stress out the importance of early recognition of this life threatening condition and to point out that the good outcome of this case was mainly due to the multidisciplinary approach chosen during the preoperative and post operative management. The Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radiology, Anesthesiology, Urology, Neonatology and Pathology were fully involved. A surgical management was chosen since it is the most common and more accepted treatment of placenta previa percreta with bladder invasion.

Reparación de cistocele con malla de polipropileno sin tensión / Cystocele reparation with free of tension polypropylene net

La reparación quirúrgica del cistocele presenta altas tasas de recidiva con las técnicas tradicionales (colporrafia anterior con plicatura de la fascia). Con el objeto de disminuir la recidiva se ha comenzado a usar en los últimos años material protésico en la reparación del cistocele. Distintos autores han desarrollado técnicas simples para la corrección quirúrgica del cistocele con malla de polipropileno. Nuestro objetivo es mostrar una nueva técnica quirúrgica para el cistocele y evaluar sus resultados y complicaciones a mediano y corto plazo de esta casuística inicial. La técnica consiste en incindir longitudinalmente la mucosa vaginal en su parte media y separar por disección la vejiga de la mucosa vaginal, luego se realizan dos túneles laterales mediante disección roma con tijeras (como en el TVT) hasta perforar la fascia endopélvica, se realiza una plicatura tradicional y se refuerza con malla de polipropileno, la que tiene una parte central que hará las veces de la fascia pubocervical y dos ramas de 1 cm por 5 cm que se colocan en los túneles, abandonando sus extremos en el espacio paravesical, cerrando luego la pared vaginal. Se revisan las primeras 7 pacientes operadas con esta técnica en nuestro Servicio. Todas las pacientes presentaban cistocele gr. II o III de la ICS, en 6 existía IOE (3 IOE pura y 3 IOM asociada), a las cuales además se colocó TVT a través de una segunda incisión. El seguimiento va de 1 a 10 meses. No hubo complicaciones intraoperatorias ni posoperatorias inmediatas significativas. Todas se encuentran continentes, sin urgencia y sin recidiva del cistocele.