Absceso hipofisiario como causa de meningitis crónica / Pituitary abscess as cause of chronicle meningitis

Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente con un cuadro de Meningitis crónica recurrente en que el diagnóstico de absceso selar sólo se logró al operarla con el diagnóstico de Adenoma Hipofisiario. Siendo el absceso hipofisiario una patología de muy baja frecuencia, la presencia de una Meningitis crónica recurrente como forma de presentación es aún más infrecuente. La literatura en general presenta muy pocas series de abscesos hipofisiarios, siendo la mayoría sólo comunicaciones de casos clínicos.

We present the case of a patient with a history of Recurrent Chronic Meningitis, in which the diagnosis of Pituitary abscess was only made after surgery under the diagnosis of Pituitary Adenoma. Given the low frequency of the Pituitary Abscess, the presence of a Recurrent Chronic Meningitis as its presentation is even more infrequent. The common literature presents only a few series of pituitary abscess, which, in most cases, are only case reports.

Evaluación nasal en el abordaje quirúrgico de la patología selar / Nasal evaluation in the surgical approach of sellar diseases

Introducción: El abordaje quirúrgico de la hipófisis ha experimentado un importante desarrollo desde sus inicios; desde el abordaje transcraneal al transesfenoidal, siendo éste último el más utilizado para el tratamiento de la patología selar. Objetivo: Comunicar la experiencia quirúrgica del manejo del septum y fosas nasales, en el abordaje selar en el Instituto de Neurocirugía Dr. Alfonso Asenjo (INCA). Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-transversal de pacientes operados por vía transeptoesfenoidal en el INCA desde el Iº de enero de 2007 al 31 de marzo de 2008. Se expone la experiencia del abordaje y seguimiento de las complicaciones nasales. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 42,96 años, siendo 52,4% de los casos mujeres y 47,6% hombres. Un 61 por ciento de los casos corresponde al primer abordaje, por lo que casi un 40% de las cirugías se realiza en un tabique previamente intervenido. La mediana del retiro de tapones fue a los 4 días. No se utilizó antibióticos profilácticos. Discusión y Conclusiones: El abordaje de Cottle es la técnica quirúrgica habitual. La reposición septal posterior nos ha permitido reoperar por esta vía, en períodos variables de tiempo, hasta cuatro veces sin dejar lesiones nasales. A pesar de no utilizarse antibióticos profilácticos, no se presentaron infecciones en esta serie.

Introduction: Since its beginnings, the surgical approach to the hypophysis has experienced an important development; from the transcranial to the transsphenoidal approach. The latter has evolved into the first one treatment method for sellar diseases. Aim: To report the surgical experience in nasal septum management during sellar approach at the Instituto de Neurocirugia Dr. Alfonso Asenjo (INCA). Material and Method: This study is a descriptive and transversal analysis of patients who underwent trans-septosphenoidal surgery at INCA, from January P, 2007 to March, 31st, 2008. The otorhinolaryngologic experience in the transsphenoidal approach is also presented. Results: Average age of patients was 42.26 years, 52,4% of the cases were female and 47,6% male. 61% of the surgeries corresponded to a first intervention, which explains why nearly 40% of surgeries were performed in a septum that was previously manipulated. Nasal packing was removed within a median of 4 days. No prophylactic antibiotics were used. Discussion and Conclusions: The current surgical technique used is the Cottle approach. Repositioning of the posterior septum allows surgical reinterventions using the same approach, even up to four times, in variable periods of time, without nasal lesions. No infections were reponed in this study.

Panhipopituitarismo y diabetes insípida secundarios a hipofisitis linfocitaria en una paciente con trisomia 12p / Panhypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus secondary to a lymphocytic hypophysitis in one patient with trisomy 12p

Lymphocytic hypophysitis (LH) is an uncommon inflammatory disease of the hypophysis. It's female to male ratio of appearance is 9:1. Pregnant women are more affected during the third trimester of pregnancy or postpartum. Clinical and radiological presentation can simulate a hypophyseal adenoma. We report a nonpregnant 13 years old adolescent, with a trisomy 12p, with panhypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus and a selar tumor. It was necessary to differentiate between a germinoma and a LH. The latter was confirmed with the hypophyseal biopsy.

First Male Case of Lymphocytic Hypophysitis in Korea

Lymphocytic hypophysitis is a rare inflammatory disorder which is caused by autoimmune destruction of the pituitary gland. Almost all reported cases have been in women and the disease is often associated with pregnancy. We describe here the first male case of lymphocytic hypophysitis in Korea. The patient presented with headache, impotence, decreased libido, and deteriorated vision. Endocrinologic studies showed panhypopituitarism, and pituitary MRI imaging revealed a homogeneously enhanced pituitary mass with a thickened stalk. Treatment with prednisolone and thyroid hormone for five months was ineffective. Transsphenoidal resection of the pituitary mass was performed successfully with normalization of the visual field defect. Histologic examination revealed diffuse lymphocytic infiltration with dense collagenous fibrosis, consistent with lymphocytic hypophysitis. Lymphocytic hypophysitis should be considered in differential diagnosis even in men with hypopituitarism and an enlarged pituitary gland.

Complicaçöes das cirurgias hipofisárias: análise de 120 cirurgias no HUCFF-UFRJ / Complications of pituitary surgery: analysis of 120 operations at HUCFF-UFRJ

Estudamos uma série de 108 pacientes, submetidos a 120 intervenções cirúrgicas para tratamento de tumores hipofisários realizadas no Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF) da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), no período de 1979 a julho de 1998, com o objetivo de analisar a morbidade e mortalidade pós-operatória imediata. A idade dos pacientes variou entre 15 e 70 anos. Os diagnósticos etiológicos foram: adenomas não secretores, 46 (38,34 por cento); acromegalia, 30 (25 por cento); prolactinoma, 29 (24,16 por cento) e doença de Cushing, 15 (12,5 por cento). As principais complicações endocrinológicas foram: pan-hipopituitarismo, 16 (13,34 por cento); diabetes insípidus central (DIC), 15 (12,5 por cento); hiposuparenalismo, 4 (3,34 por cento). Complicações neurocirúrgicas: infecção, 13 (10,84 por cento) e fístula liquórica, 6 (5 por cento). Ocorreram 2 óbitos (1,67 por cento). Nossos resultados se enquadram dentro dos encontrados na literatura internacional. Quando analisamos ano a ano esta casuística identificamos queda progressiva da morbimortalidade, demonstrando a importância não só da habilidade do neurocirgião, como da uniformidade da equipe que acompanha estes pacientes.