Application of meridian and acupoint diagnosis of three yin meridians of foot in the treatment for gynecological diseases with acupuncture and moxibustion / 中国针灸

With three representative types of gynecological diseases (dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation, polycystic ovary syndrome) as examples, the application methods of meridian and acupoint diagnosis for gynecological diseases treated with acupuncture and moxibustion are discussed. During clinical diagnosis and treatment, it is recommended to examine the patient's leg segment along the three yin meridians of foot, aiming to explore the positive reactions of the meridians and acupoints (color, shape, skin temperature, sensory abnormalities, etc.). Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment at this positive reaction place can improve the clinical efficacy. Meridian and acupoint diagnosis could provide basis for meridian syndrome differentiation, thus guiding the selection of acupoint prescriptions; it is also helpful to clarify the deficiency, excess, cold and heat of the disease nature, thus guiding the selection of acupuncture and moxibustion methods. In addition, it is an auxiliary method to estimate the prognosis and outcome of the disease.

Quince años de estudio sobre las adherencias de labios menores / Fifteen-Year Study on the Labial Adhesions

Introducción: las adherencias de labios menores es un problema ginecológico frecuente en niñas prepuberales. De las niñas que lo padecen en algún momento de su vida (1,8 por ciento), el pico de mayor incidencia está entre los 13 y 23 meses de edad. Objetivo: mostrar los resultados de esta experiencia en el diagnóstico y manejo de esta entidad. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo. Se revisó la totalidad de las historias clínicas de 804 niñas atendidas desde el 1º de enero de 1998 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2012. La muestra quedó integrada por 54 casos con diagnóstico de adherencias de labios menores. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad al diagnóstico, motivo de consulta, hallazgos clínicos, tipo de sinequia, tratamiento impuesto, entre otras. Resultados: hubo mayor incidencia de sinequias en niñas entre 3 meses y 3 años (74 por ciento), con predominio de la variedad incompleta y dentro de esta la del tercio inferior (66,6 por ciento). La distorsión anatómica de los genitales externos resultó el principal motivo de consulta (42,6 por ciento). Los mejores resultados del tratamiento se lograron con la combinación de medidas higiénicas y ejercicios de tracción lateral vulvar con el uso tópico de estrógenos. Las recidivas se presentaron en 12,9 por ciento de los casos a los seis meses de edad. Conclusiones: la adherencia de labios menores es una causa importante de consulta ginecológica en niñas. Se asocia a una gran ansiedad en padres y familiares. Se obtuvo buenos resultados con el tratamiento médico, sobre todo cuando se empleó estrógenos localmente(AU)

Introduction: Labial adhesions is a common gynecological problem in prepubertal adolescents. The highest peak incidence is between 13 and 23 months old of those girls sufferingfrom this problem at some point in their life (1.8 percent). Objective: Show the results of this experience in the diagnosis and management of this condition. Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study was conducted at revising all the medical records of 804 girls assisted from 1st January 1998 to 31st December, 2012. The sample was composed of 54 cases diagnosed with labial adhesions. The variables studied were age at diagnosis, presenting complaint, clinical findings, type of synechia, treatment, among others. Results: There was higher incidence of synechiae in children between 3 months and 3 years (74 percent), predominantly incomplete, andin the lower third (66.6 percent). The anatomical distortion of the external genitalia was the main reason for consultation (42.6 percent). Best treatment results were achieved with the combination of hygienic measures and vulvar lateral traction exercises with topical estrogen use. Recurrences occurred in 12.9 percent of cases at six months of age. Conclusions: Labialadhesion is a major cause of gynecological consultation in girls. It is associated with great anxiety in parents and relatives. Good results were obtainedwith medical treatment, especially when the topical use of estrogen(AU)

Protocolos de encaminhamento da atenção básica para a atenção especializada: ginecologia / Primary care referral protocols for specialized care: gynecological

Este material tem como objetivo orientar as equipes que atuam na AB, qualificando o processo de referenciamento de usuários para outros serviços especializados. É uma ferramenta, ao mesmo tempo, de gestão e de cuidado, pois tanto guiam as decisões dos profissionais solicitantes quanto se constitui como referência que modula as avaliações apresentadas pelos médicos reguladores.

Tratamiento de las verrugas genitales: una actualización / Genital wart treatment: an update

La infección por el Virus del Papiloma Humano es una afección altamente prevalente a nivel mundial y una de sus consecuencias es la verruga genital externa o condiloma genital. El tratamiento de estas lesiones ha sido tradicionalmente difícil, debido a la alta recurrencia de las lesiones. Se revisan los aspectos más novedosos del tratamiento de las verrugas genitales. Las sinecatequinas y una nueva formulación de Imiquimod al 3,75% resaltan como las terapéuticas más novedosas, mientras que la terapia fotodinámica carece de evidencia científica adecuada como para recomendar su uso rutinario. Las vacunas profilácticas y terapéuticas parecen poseer un gran potencial pero aún se encuentran en fases iniciales de investigación. Es deseable estudios con un mayor número de pacientes y un seguimiento más prolongado, que permita una comparación directa de la efectividad entre las diferentes técnicas terapéuticas a corto y largo plazo.

Human Papillomavirus infection is a highly prevalent condition worldwide whose frequent consequence is the external genital wart or genital condyloma. The treatment for this condition has been traditionally difficult due to the recurrence of the lesions. The most innovative aspects of the treatment of genital wart, are reviewed. The sinecatechins and a new formulation of Imiquimod 3.75% stand out as the most innovative therapeutic, while photodynamic therapy lacks adequate scientific evidence to recommend its routine use. The prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines seem to have great potential but are still in early stages of research. Studies should be conducted with larger patient samples and longer follow-ups to allow comparison of the effectiveness among the different therapeutic techniques in the short and long term.

Contextual analysis of gynaecological care provided to women with physical disability / Análisis contextual de la consulta ginecológica de la mujer con discapacidad física / Análise contextual do atendimento ginecológico da mulher com deficiência física

This is a theoretical-reflective study that aimed to analyze the contexts associated with gynaecological care for women with physical disabilities. Discussion consisted of contextual analysis according to Hinds, Chaves and Cypress, leading to four interconnected layers: immediate, specific, general and metacontext. Analysis showed that gynaecological assistance to clients with physical disabilities is influenced by attitudinal, structural, financial and informational barriers. Other influential issues are social beliefs and stigmas and the persistence of a biomedical model, which is hegemonic in this type of assistance. Therefore, gynaecological care must be valued based on the holistic paradigm offered by a transdisciplinary team in order to provide quality care to women with physical disabilities.

Estudio teórico-reflexivo que objetivó analizar los contextos asociados con atención ginecológica a mujeres con discapacidades físicas. Para esto, la discusión se basó en el análisis contextual conforme Hinds, Chaves y Cypress. De acuerdo con este referencial, cuatro capas se inteconectan: contexto inmediato, específico, general y metacontexto. Se constató que la asistencia ginecológica a la clientela con discapacidad física es influenciada por barreras actitudinales, estructurales, financieras y de información. También se suman las creencias y los estigmas de la sociedad así como la persistencia del modelo biomédico, hegemónico en este servicio. Por lo tanto, se necesita valorar la atención ginecológica en base al paradigma holístico, ofrecido por un equipo transdisciplinar, en la perspectiva de una atención de calidad a la mujer con discapacidad física.

Estudo teórico-reflexivo que objetivou analisar os contextos associados ao atendimento ginecológico à mulher com deficiência física. Para isso, a discussão foi embasada pela análise contextual conforme Hinds, Chaves e Cypress. De acordo com esse referencial, quatro camadas interligam-se: contexto imediato, específico, geral e metacontexto. Constatou-se que a assistência ginecológica à clientela com deficiência física é influenciada por barreiras atitudinais, estruturais, financeiras e informacionais. Somam-se, ainda, as crenças e os estigmas presentes na sociedade, bem como a persistência do modelo biomédico, hegemônico nesse atendimento. Portanto, necessita-se valorizar a consulta ginecológica com base no paradigma holístico, ofertada por uma equipe transdisciplinar, na perspectiva de uma assistência de qualidade à mulher com deficiência física.

Prevention of diseases in gynecology

Prevention of diseases in gynecology can be improved by better understanding of health promotion and management of diseases. Management is "the art of performing jobs by or with other people" Mary Parker Follet. A descriptive analysis was performed on scientific studies in several published articles in medical journals and books. There are five primary functions of management as: Anticipate and plan, organize, command, coordinate and control. If we introduce the following definition in the sense of medical science and apply it to the medical practice that would mean way of recognizing, managing and resolving issues of diagnosis and therapy of diseases [in this case gynecology diseases] according to certain guidelines and treatment algorithms. Treatment of family doctors is an important aspect in the quality-of-life of women and their reproductive health as well as a significant issue in public, environmental and social problems. It is very important to deal with it on the primary care level and in addition to promote the primary and secondary prevention of diseases, which is sometimes more important than the curative procedures. The primary prevention involves regular gynecological examinations and screening. The doctors have also a duty to educate women about the risk factors for malignant diseases, as well as proposing some of the qualitative preventive measures

Impacto da radioterapia e da quimioterapia sobre o aparelho genital feminino: procedimentos terapêuticos / Radiotherapy and chemotherapy impact on female genital apparatus: therapeutic procedures

No presente estudo apresentamos os diversos procedimentos terapêuticos existentes com o intuito de obter-se proteção e melhoria dos danos induzidos por radioterapia e quimioterapia no aparelho genital feminino.

The aim of this study is obtain a convenient analysis of different therapeutic methods to improve better conditions before and after radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the female genital apparatus.

Embolización selectiva de arterias uterinas en la resolución de patologías ginecológicas y emergencias obstétricas / Uterine artery embolization in the management of obstetric and gynecologic haemorragic pathology

Antecedentes: La embolización de arterias uterinas es un procedimiento que permite manejar patologías hemorrágicas ginecológicas y obstétricas de manera conservadora y mínimamente invasiva. Métodos: Revisión retrospectiva de casos tratados con embolización selectiva en nuestro Servicio desde su inicio en octubre de 2007. Objetivo: Conocer las indicaciones y resultados de esta técnica. Resultados: Seis casos por patología ginecológica y 7 de causa obstétrica fueron tratados con este procedimiento. El procedimiento fue factible y libre de complicaciones en todos los casos, siendo terapéutico en primera instancia en 12 de los 13 casos. En ningún caso se requirió un tratamiento complementario quirúrgico para cumplir el objetivo terapéutico planificado. Conclusiones: La embolización de arterias uterinas representa una excelente herramienta para tratar cuadros hemorrágicos graves del puerperio, deteniendo hemorragias activas con manejo conservador del útero. En casos de patología ginecológica, el resultado inmediato resulta adecuado, consiguiendo buen control de la hemorragia. Este procedimiento debe ser considerado como alternativa posible en el manejo de la patología hemorrágica obstétrica y ginecológica.

Background: The uterine artery embolization is a procedure that can manage haemorrhagic obstretrics and gynecologic pathologies, in a conservative fashion and minimally invasive. Method: Retrospective review of cases that had been treated in our institution since October 2007. Objectives: To know the indication and results of this technique. Results: Six cases were done for gynecologic indications and seven for obstetrics cases. The procedure was feasible and without complications in all cases, being therapeutic in 12 of 13 patients. There was no need of a surgical procedure in order to achieve the therapeutic objective. Conclusions: The uterine artery embolization can be used as an excellent tool in the management of postpartum haemorrhage, reducing the necessity to perform an hysterectomy. In gynecology cases, the results in bleeding response are good as well. This procedure should be considerate as an acceptable alternative in the management of obstetric and gynecologic haemorragic pathology.

Tratamiento y profilaxis antibiótica de patologias comunes en ginecología-obstetricia / Treatment and antibiotic prophylaxis of common pathologies in gynecology obstetrics

A literature review was performed looking for rational evidence for some common antibiotic prescriptions in gynecology and obstetrics. Conditions that deserve a therapeutic indications include asymptomatic bacteriuria , bacterial vaginosis or vaginitis during pregnancy, urinary tract infections and some recurrent urinary tract infections, postpartum endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and listeriosis. In the same manner, prophylactic interventions with antibiotics are warranted before a cesarean section, abdominal or vaginal histerectomy, as well as during preterm labour with rupture of membranes or due to a presumed or demonstrated group B Streptococcus carriage. On the other hand, antibiotic use during preterm labour with intact membranes, while inserting or removing an intrauterine device or by an incomplete asymptomatic abortion, is not supported by scientific evidence. Finally, information is lacking for an antibiotic indication in fourth-degree perineal tear or during instrumental vaginal delivery.

Actualización en verrugas genitales externas: diagnóstico, clasificación y tratamiento / Updates in external genital warts

La infección genital por virus papiloma humano constituye la infección de transmisión sexual más frecuente en la actualidad. Las verrugas genitales externas se presentan en cuatro formas clínicas diferentes: condilomas acuminados, verrugas queratóticas, verrugas papulares y verrugas planas. Las diversas alternativas terapéuticas para verrugas genitales externas se pueden clasificar en dos grandes grupos: aquellas autoaplicadas por el paciente y las aplicadas por el médico. Entre las alternativas autoaplicadas destacan Imiquimod, con tasas de curación entre 37 por ciento y 85 por ciento y recurrencias entre 5 por ciento y 19 por ciento, y la Podofilotoxina, con tasas de curación entre 45 por ciento y 88 por ciento y recurrencias entre 0 por ciento y 91 por ciento. Entre las alternativas aplicadas por el médico, tenemos métodos químicos y métodos de remoción. Entre los métodos químicos destaca Podofilina, con tasas de curación entre 19 por ciento y 80 por ciento y recurrencia entre 23 por ciento y 70 por ciento; entre los métodos de remoción destaca la crioterapia, con tasas de curación entre 60 por ciento y 97 por ciento y recurrencias de 80 por ciento.

The human papilloma virus genital infection constitutes the most frequent sexual transmission infection of our time. The clinical manifestations of external genital warts vary in four different types: acuminated condyloma, keratolic warts, papular warts and flat genital warts. The diverse therapeutic alternatives for external genitals warts can be classified in two large groups: those applied by the patient, and those applied by the physician. Among the alternatives applied by the patient, both Imiquimod, with clearance rates between 37 percent - 85 percent and recurrence between 5 percent - 19 percent; and Podofillotoxin 0.5 percent solution, with clearance rates between 45 percent - 88 percent, and recurrence between 0 percent-91 percent stand out. Among the alternatives applied by physicians, we have chemical methods and removal methods. In chemical methods Podofillin stands out with clearance rates between 19 percent - 80 percent and recurrence between 23 percent - 70 percent; among removal methods, cryotherapy is the most important, with clearance rates between 60 percent - 97 percent, and recurrence of 80 percent.

Urogenital involvement in the Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome: treatment options and results

OBJECTIVE: Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome (KTWS) is a congenital condition characterized by vascular malformations of the capillary, venous and lymphatic systems associated to soft tissue and bone hypertrophy in the affected areas. This syndrome may involve bladder, kidney, urethra, ureter and genitals. We report the treatment of 7 KTWS patients with urogenital involvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1995 to 2005, 7 patients with KTWS were evaluated and the charts of these patients were reviewed. RESULTS: PatientsÆ median age was 19-years (range 4 to 46-years) and only 1 was female. The clinical presentation included genital deformities in 3 cases, hematuria in 2 and urethrorragia in 2, one of which associated with cryptorchidism and phimosis. Three patients had an association of pelvic and genital malformations, including 2 patients with hematuria due to vesical lesions and 1 patient with left ureterohydronephrosis due to a pelvic mass. Two patients had urethral lesions. Treatment included endoscopic laser coagulation for 1 patient with recurrent hematuria and 1 patient with urethrorrhagia, pelvic radiotherapy for 1 patient with hematuria and circumcision in 2 patients with genital deformities. One patient required placement of a double-J catheter to relieve obstruction. Hematuria and urethrorragia were safely and effectively controlled with laser applications. Circumcision was also effective. The patient treated with radiotherapy developed a contracted bladder and required a continent urinary diversion. CONCLUSIONS: Urogenital involvement in patients with KTWS is not rare and must be suspected in the presence of hematuria or significant cutaneous deformity of the external genitalia. Surgical treatment may be warranted in selected cases.

Cirugía endoscópica ginecológica: experiencia de 8 años / Gynecological endoscopic surgery: experience of 8 years

Se presenta la experiencia de 1046 cirugías laparoscópicas ginecológica del Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología del Hospital El Pino, desde julio de 1995 a diciembre de 2003. El 40,5 por ciento correspondieron a esterilizaciones tubarias, nivel de complejidad tipo 1 y las restantes a niveles de complejidad tipo 2 y 3. Se reportan los resultados y las complicaciones mayores.

Ulceras genitais na mulher / Female's genital ulcers

O objetivo deste estudo foi a revisäo de aspectos históricos, epidemiológicos, diagnósticos (clinico e laboratorial) e terapêuticos das ulceras genitais de transmissäo sexual de maior frequência (sífilis, cancro mole, donovanose, linfogranuloma venereo e herpes genital)

Exames colpocitológicos de rotina: aspectos laboratoriais e patológicos / Cervicovaginalis smears of routine: laboratorial and pathological aspects

O objetivo deste trabalho é enfatizar a importância do exame colpocitológico na prevenção e tratamento de doenças ginecológicas. Foram analisadas 133 esfregaços colpocitológicos de pacientes atendidas na rotina de ginecologia. Desta amostragem 80 por cento apresentaram alterações patológicas, assim distribuídas: 26 por cento de candidíase vaginal, 20 por cento de cervicopatias, 13 por cento de metaplasia escamosa, 8 por cento portadoras de Gardnerella vaginalis, 5,5 por cento com colpite química, 4,5 com alterações celulares sugestivas de infecção por papilomavírus huano e 3 por cento das pacientes com alterações hormonais; o restante, 20 por cento das pacientes apresentaram normotrofia epitelial