Dolor de espalda. Generalidades en su diagnóstico y tratamiento / Generalities of Back Pain in Diagnosis And Treatment

Introducción: El dolor de espalda es un síntoma frecuente y de distribución universal que afecta a personas de cualquier edad y de ambos sexos. El 80 % de la población presentará un dolor de espalda en algún momento de su vida. Los procesos agudos son autolimitados y se resuelven en el plazo de unas semanas, excepto algunos casos que se cronifican y requieren asistencia médica continuada. Los cuadros crónicos son más frecuentes en edades comprendidas entre 45 y 65 años y en el sexo femenino. Objetivo: Actualizar los elementos generales relacionados con el diagnóstico y tratamiento del dolor de espalda. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión detallada en la literatura en relación al dolor de espalda en cuanto a su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se obtuvo literatura actualizada en las bases de datos Cumed, Ibec, Lilac, Pubmed/Medline, Scopus y Wholis. Se hizo una revisión del tema fundamentalmente de los últimos 5 años. Conclusiones: El dolor de espalda es un síntoma frecuente y de distribución universal que afecta a personas de cualquier edad y de ambos sexos. Las recomendaciones presentadas están basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible, con la intención de estandarizarlas para el tratamiento del dolor de espalda en la Atención Primaria de Salud y para el tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico(AU)

Introduction: Back pain is a frequent and universally distributed symptom that affects people of any age and of both sexes. 80% of the population will experience back pain at some point in their lives. Acute processes are self-limiting and resolve within a few weeks, except for some cases that become chronic and require continued medical care. Chronic symptoms are more frequent in ages between 45 and 65 years and in the female sex. Objective: To update the general elements related to the diagnosis and treatment of back pain. Methods: A detailed review of the literature was carried out in relation to back pain in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Updated literature was retrieved from Cumed, Ibec, Lilac, Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, and Wholis databases. A review of the subject was made fundamentally of the last 5 years. Conclusions: Back pain is a frequent and universally distributed symptom that affects persons of any age and both sexes. The recommendations are based on the best available evidence, with the intention of standardizing them for treating back pain in Primary Health Care and for pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment(AU)

Proposal and test-retest reliability of a scale for cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine pain in brazilian young people / Proposição e reprodutibilidade de uma escala de dor na coluna cervical, torácica e lombar em jovens brasileiros

ABSTRACT Objective: To propose and analyze the test-retest reliability of an instrument to verify the presence and intensity of pain in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine in Brazilian young people. Methods: This reliability study enrolled a sample of 458 participants (13 to 20 years). Two groups were formed for each sex according to the range of days for the test-retest (10±3 and 28±2 days). For analysis of spinal pain, a drawing of the human body with cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine areas delimited was presented. The following question was presented: during a normal day, do you feel pain in any of these regions of your spine? If so, what is the intensity from 0 to 10 (mark on the line)? The starting point, with the number 0, corresponded to no pain, and the number 10 to severe pain. The agreement of frequency and of intensity of pain was verified by Kappa test and Bland-Altman plot, respectively. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.71 (confidence interval of 95% - 95%CI - 0.59-0.79) to 0.94 (95%CI 0.90-0.96). The results concerning the agreement of pain scores showed the mean differences to be close to 0, and the largest mean difference was -0.40 (95%CI -5.14-4.34). The agreement in reported pain ranged from 72.2 (Kappa 0.43; 95%CI 0.28-0.58) to 90.1% (Kappa 0.76; 95%CI 0.60-0.92). Conclusions: This instrument was shown to be a reliable manner to verify the pain in different regions of the spine in Brazilian young people.

RESUMO Objetivo: Propor e analisar a reprodutibilidade de um instrumento para verificar a presença e a intensidade da dor na coluna cervical, torácica e lombar em jovens brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo de reprodutibilidade com uma amostra de 458 participantes (13 a 20 anos). Dois grupos foram formados para cada sexo de acordo com o intervalo de dias entre teste e reteste (10±3 e 28±2 dias). Para a análise da dor na coluna, foi apresentada a figura de um corpo humano com as áreas da coluna cervical, torácica e lombar delimitadas. A seguinte pergunta foi realizada: durante um dia comum, você sente dor em alguma dessas regiões da coluna? Se sim, qual é a intensidade de 0 a 10 (marque um traço)? A extremidade com o número 0 correspondia à ausência de dor e o número 10, à dor muito intensa. A concordância na frequência e intensidade da dor foi verificada por meio do teste Kappa e da plotagem de Bland-Altman, respectivamente. Resultados: Os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse variaram de 0,71 (intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC95% - 0,59-0,79) a 0,94 (IC95% 0,90-0,96). Os resultados relativos à concordância no escore de dor mostraram que as diferenças médias foram próximas de 0 e a maior diferença média foi de -0,40 (IC95% -5,14-4,34). A concordância no relato de dor variou de 72,2 (Kappa 0,43; IC95% 0,28-0,58) a 90,1% (Kappa 0,76; IC95% 0,60-0,92). Conclusões: O instrumento demonstrou ser uma forma reprodutível de verificar a dor em diferentes regiões da coluna vertebral em jovens brasileiros.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the International Trauma Questionnaire for use in Brazilian Portuguese

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The most recent editions of diagnostic manuals have proposed important modifications in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) criteria. The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is the gold-standard measurement for assessing PTSD and complex PTSD in accordance with the model of the 11th International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to adapt the ITQ for the Brazilian context. DESIGN AND SETTING: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the ITQ for use in Brazilian Portuguese was performed in trauma research facilities in Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS: The adaptation followed five steps: (1) translation; (2) committee synthesis; (3) experts' evaluation through the content validity index (CVI) and assessment of interrater agreement though kappa statistics; (4) comprehension test with clinical and community samples (n = 35); and (5) final back-translation and authors' evaluation. RESULTS: Two independent translations were conducted. While working on a synthesis of these translations, the committee proposed changes in six items to adapt idiomatic expressions or to achieve a more accurate technical fit. Both the expert judges' evaluation (CVI > 0.7; k > 0.55) and the pretest in the target population (mean comprehension > 3) indicated that the adapted items were adequate and comprehensible. The final back-translation was approved by the authors of the original instrument. CONCLUSION: ITQ in its Brazilian Portuguese version achieved satisfactory content validity, thus providing a tool for Brazilian research based on PTSD models of the ICD-11.

Evaluation of two models of saddles on the back of Arabian horses through thermography / Avaliação de dois modelos de selas sobre o dorso de cavalos Árabes com o emprego da termografia

Dorsopathies are common causes of decreased performance in athletic horses of various modalities, and inadequate or poorly adjusted saddles can lead to the onset of injuries and low back pain. The present study, searching to find the most appropriate saddle, evaluated the pressure determined from the panels of two saddle models most commonly used in endurance Arab horse on the thoracolumbar region. For the study, six Arabian geldings were used, weighing 390 ± 4.2 and 2.1 ± age 8 years, conditioned to endurance races, and two saddle models, English and Western. The horses were submitted to the work riding on a sandy lane by the same experienced rider who weighed 76 kg. Thermography was performed before and after each exercise session. The obtained data were analyzed through Student's paired t-test at 5% of significance. After exercise, there was a mean temperature difference between the contact areas of the right and left of the sweepers of two saddles compared, with the English saddle showing higher temperatures. Therefore, the Western saddle model, which has wider panels, despite not being a preferred model of endure riders, has proved to be more suitable for Arabian horse work.(AU)

As dorsopatias são causas comuns de diminuição de desempenho em cavalos atletas de várias modalidades e a sela inadequada ou mal ajustada pode levar ao aparecimento de lesões e dor lombar. O presente trabalho avaliou a pressão que os suadores dos dois modelos de sela mais comumente utilizados em cavalos Árabes de enduro exercem sobre a região toracolombar desses animais de modo a sugerir o uso do que fosse mais adequado. Foram utilizados seis cavalos da raça Árabe, machos castrados, com peso de 390 ± 4,2 e idade 8 ± 2,1 anos, condicionados para as provas enduro de velocidade livre e dois modelos de sela, a Inglesa e a Western. Os cavalos foram submetidos ao trabalho montado em pista de areia pelo mesmo cavaleiro, experiente, que pesou 76 kg. Foi realizada a termografia antes e depois das sessões de exercício. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através de teste T pareado de Student a 5% de significância. Houve diferença de temperatura média, após o exercício, entre as áreas de contato dos suadores direito e esquerdo da sela Inglesa e da sela Western, quando comparados, sendo que a sela Inglesa apresentou maiores temperaturas. Portanto, o modelo de sela Western, que possui suadores largos, embora não seja o modelo de preferência dos cavaleiros de enduro, mostrou-se mais adequado para o trabalho de cavalos Árabes.(AU)

An overview of the management of back pain

Back pain affects people across any socio-economic category and is a leading cause of absenteeism and decreased productivity in the workplace. This symptomatic condition is caused by multiple factors, making it difficult to manage. With a small proportion of people experiencing back pain due to pathological reasons, in the larger majority, back pain is due to a mechanical cause. Taking a complete history that includes identifying risk factors such as depression, poor posture, lack of exercise, older age and a physically demanding job is crucial to the effective management of the condition. Behavioural, psychological and social factors of the patient should form the backbone for treatment of back pain. Non-pharmacological management such as exercise, spinal manipulation and acupuncture should be the first-line treatment; however, if this provides poor results then pharmacological measures such as the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) like ibuprofen or muscle relaxants such as cyclobenzaprine should be considered

Cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire to Brazilian Portuguese / Adaptação cultural, confiabilidade e validade do Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire para o português brasileiro

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the translation and cultural adaptation of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese, and verifies the reliability and validity of this new version. Methods A cross-cultural adaptation of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire was performed using the following steps: translation, back-translation, committee review, and pre-testing phase (50 subjects). The psychometric properties were evaluated by application of the questionnaire to 102 patients. Reliability was assessed by homogeneity and stability of measures. The criterion-related validity was tested by comparing scores of Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire to Oswestry and Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short questionnaires. Results Excellent internal consistency was found in both test (Cronbach's α of 0.90) and re-test (Cronbach's α of 0.91). The Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire showed good reliability and the correlations ranged from reasonable (0.64) to very good (r=0.91). Conclusion The Brazilian Portuguese version of Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short was easy to apply and understand. The questionnaire had a great impact on assessment and multidimensional care of patients with low back pain.

RESUMO Objetivo Realizar a tradução e a adaptação cultural para a língua portuguesa do Brasil do Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire para avaliação de dor lombar, e verificar a confiabilidade e a validade da nova versão. Métodos A adaptação cultural foi realizada de acordo com as seguintes etapas: tradução, retrotradução, revisão por comitê e pré-teste (50 indivíduos). Após, as propriedades psicométricas foram avaliadas aplicando-se o questionário (teste) em 102 pacientes. A confiabilidade foi verificada por avaliação da homogeneidade e da estabilidade das medidas. A validade de critério foi testada comparando-se as pontuações do Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire com os questionários Oswestry e Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short. Resultados Observou-se excelente consistência interna no pré-teste (Cronbach α de 0,90) e no teste (Cronbach α de 0,91). O Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire apresentou boa confiabilidade, e as correlações variaram de razoável (0,64) a muito boa (r=0,91). Conclusão A versão em língua portuguesa do Brasil é de fácil aplicação e compreensão, além de apresentar grande acréscimo na avaliação e no cuidado multidimensional de pacientes portadores de dor lombar.

Factors associated with chronic back pain in adults in Brazil / Fatores associados à dor crônica na coluna em adultos no Brasil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To identify associations of chronic back pain with sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyles, body mass index, self-reported chronic diseases and health assessment, according to sex. METHODS We analyzed data from the 2013 National Health Survey, estimated the prevalence and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of chronic back pain, according to selected variables and performed adjustment by age and education. RESULTS 18.5% of the Brazilian population reported chronic back pain, 15.5% (95%CI 14.7–16.4) of them being men and 21.1% (95%CI 20.2–22.0) being women. The characteristics that remained associated and statistically significant (p < 0.05) after adjustment, in men, were: age group, higher in men with 65 years or older (ORa = 6.06); low education level; living in rural area; history of smoking, high salt intake, increase in the time of heavy physical activity at work and at home; being overweight (ORa = 1.18) or obese (ORa = 1.26); diagnostic of hypertension (ORa = 1.42), high cholesterol (ORa = 1.60); and worse health assessment in comparison with very good (good [ORa = 1.48]; regular [ORa = 3.22]; poor [ORa = 5.00], very poor [ORa = 8.60]). Among women, they were: increase with age, higher among women with 55-64 years (ORa = 3.64); low education level; history of smoking, regular candy consumption, high salt intake, heavy physical activity at work and at home and increase in the time of these activities; being overweight (ORa = 1.23) or obese (ORa = 1.32); diagnosis of hypertension (ORa = 1.50), high cholesterol (ORa = 1.84); and worse health assessment than very good (good [ORa = 1.43]; regular [ORa = 3.16]; poor [ORa = 5.44], very poor [ORa = 8.19]). CONCLUSIONS Our findings point out differences by sex and contribute to the knowledge of the panorama of chronic back pain, which, besides affecting individuals, generate negative socioeconomic impacts, by causing work-related disabilities and hindering everyday activities.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Identificar associações de dor crônica na coluna com características sociodemográficas, estilos de vida, índice de massa corporal, doenças crônicas autorreferidas e avaliação do estado de saúde, segundo sexo. MÉTODOS Foram analisados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013; estimadas as prevalências e seus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%) da dor crônica na coluna, segundo variáveis selecionadas; e realizado ajuste por idade e escolaridade. RESULTADOS 18,5% da população brasileira referiram dor crônica na coluna, sendo 15,5% (IC95% 14,7–16,4) em homens e 21,1% (IC95% 20,2–22,0) em mulheres. As características que se mantiveram associadas após o ajuste e estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05) em homens foram: aumento com a faixa etária, sendo maior entre aqueles com 65 anos ou mais (ORa = 6,06); baixa escolaridade; morar em área rural; histórico de tabagismo, consumo elevado de sal, aumento do tempo de prática de atividade física pesada no trabalho e atividade pesada no domicílio; ter sobrepeso (ORa = 1,18) ou obesidade (ORa = 1,26); diagnóstico de hipertensão (ORa= 1,42), colesterol elevado (ORa = 1,60); e pior avaliação do estado de saúde (bom [ORa = 1,48]; regular [ORa = 3,22]; ruim [ORa = 5,00], muito ruim [ORa = 8,60]). Entre mulheres: aumento com a faixa etária, sendo maior entre as mulheres com 55–64 anos (ORa = 3,64); menor escolaridade; histórico de tabagismo, consumo de doces regularmente, consumo elevado de sal, atividade e aumento do tempo de prática de atividade física pesada no trabalho e atividade pesada no domicílio; ter sobrepeso (ORa = 1,23) ou obesidade (ORa = 1,32); diagnóstico de hipertensão (ORa = 1,50), colesterol elevado (ORa = 1,84); e piora da avaliação do estado de saúde (bom [ORa = 1,43]; regular [ORa = 3,16]; ruim [ORa = 5,44], muito ruim [ORa = 8,19]). CONCLUSÕES Os achados apontam diferenças por sexo e contribuem no conhecimento do panorama da dor crônica na coluna, que além de afetar o indivíduo, geram impactos socioeconômicos negativos, por ocasionar incapacidades relacionadas ao trabalho e realização de atividades cotidianas.

Pain intensity, disability and depression in individuals with chronic back pain / Intensidade de dor, incapacidade e depressão em indivíduos com dor lombar crônica / Intensidad del dolor, incapacidad y depresión en individuos con dolor lumbar crónico

OBJECTIVES: to measure the pain intensity, identify the disability and depression levels in people with chronic back pain and to correlate these variables. A cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study was undertaken at the Pain Treatment Clinic of the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Hospital das Clínicas, between February and June 2012, after receiving approval from the Ethics Committee at the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing. METHOD: sixty subjects with chronic back pain participated. The instruments used were: the 11-point Numerical Category Scale, the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory. To analyze the data, the arithmetic means, standard deviations and Spearman's correlation coefficient were calculated. RESULTS: the findings show that the participants presented high pain, disability and depression levels. The correlation between pain intensity and disability and between pain intensity and depression was positive and weak and, between disability and depression, positive and moderate. CONCLUSION: the study variables showed moderate and weak indices and the mutual correlations were positive. .

OBJETIVOS: mensurar a intensidade dolorosa, identificar a incapacidade e os níveis de depressão em pessoas com dor lombar crônica e correlacionar essas variáveis. Trata-se de estudo transversal descritivo-exploratório, realizado na Clínica para o Tratamento da Dor do Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto, entre fevereiro e junho de 2012, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto - USP. MÉTODO: participaram 60 sujeitos com dor lombar crônica. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: a Escala de Categoria Numérica de 11 pontos, o Questionário Roland Morris de Incapacidade e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck. Para análise dos dados, foram calculadas as médias aritméticas, os desvios-padrões e o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. RESULTADOS: os achados mostraram que os participantes apresentaram elevados níveis de dor, de incapacidade e de depressão. A correlação entre intensidade de dor e incapacidade e entre intensidade de dor e depressão foi positiva fraca, e entre incapacidade e depressão foi positiva moderada. CONCLUSÃO: as variáveis estudadas apresentam índices moderados e fracos e as correlações foram positivas entre si. .

OBJETIVOS: medir la intensidad del dolor, identificar la incapacidad y los niveles de depresión en personas con dolor lumbar crónico y correlacionar estas variables. Se trata de un estudio transversal, descriptivo y exploratorio realizado en la Clínica para Tratamiento del Dolor del Hospital de las Clínicas de Ribeirao Preto, entre febrero y junio de 2012, después de la aprobación del Comité de Ética de la Escuela de Enfermería de Ribeirao Preto - USP. MÉTODO: participaron 60 sujetos con dolor lumbar crónico. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: la Escala de Categoría Numérica de 11 puntos, el Cuestionario Roland Morris de Incapacidad y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck. Para analizar los datos, fueron calculados los promedios aritméticos, las desviaciones estándar y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. RESULTADOS: los hallazgos mostraron que los participantes presentaron elevados niveles de dolor, de incapacidad y de depresión. La correlación entre la intensidad del dolor e incapacidad y entre intensidad del dolor y depresión fue positiva débil y entre incapacidad y depresión fue positiva moderada. CONCLUSIÓN: las variables estudiadas presentan índices moderados y débiles y las correlaciones fueron positivas entre sí. .

Lombalgia no idoso: emergência? / Lombalgia in the elderly: emergency?

Lombalgia no idoso é uma das causas mais frequentes de atendimento em emergências e em consultórios. Nesse contexto, deve-se diferenciar um caso agudo de um caso crônico. O objetivo desse artigo é abordar a lombalgia, ajudando o profissional de saúde a descartar uma emergência ortopédica.

Low back pain in the elderly is one of the most frequent causes of emergency care and clinics. In this context, it's important to know how to differentiate an acute case of a chronic case. The purpose of this article is to study the back pain, helping health professionals to discard an orthopedic emergency.

Unusual cause of back pain in a 13-year-old boy: a thoracic osteoblastoma

No abstract available.

Etiologies des dorsalgies non traumatiques en milieu rhumatologique en Cote d'Ivoire : a propos de 67 cas vus a Abidjan

Objectif : Determiner la prevalence des principales affections non traumatiques du rachis dorsal et identifier les principales causes des dorsalgies vues en milieu rhumatologique africain. Materiels et methode Etude retrospective transversale et descriptive menee au service de Rhumatologie du Chu de Cocody (Abidjan) sur une periode de 5 ans. Ont ete inclus les patients atteints d'affections non traumatiques du rachis dorsal. 67 patients repondaient a ces criteres. Une fiche d'enquete a permis de recueillir les donnees epidemiologiques; cliniques; paracliniques et diagnostiques. La recherche d'un lien entre des facteurs epidemiologiques et les etiologies a ete faite grace au test de Khi deux de Pearson. Le test etait significatif quand p etait strictement inferieur a 0;05. Resultats : La prevalence hospitaliere etait de 4;03 oit 67 parmi 1661 affections rachidiennes. Les femmes predominaient (60) avec une moyenne d'age de 46;1 ans. La pathologie inflammatoire (80;6) etait representee par le mal de pott (67;16); les tumeurs malignes (11;94) associant les metastases de cancers (7;44) et le myelome multiple (4;5) et enfin d'une pyomyosite paravertebrale (1;5). La pathologie mecanique (19;4) etait composee de la dorsarthrose (7;44); la hernie discale (1;5); la dorsalgie fonctionnelle (1;5); la maladie de Forestier (1;5); la scoliose (1;5) et l'osteoporose commune (5;96). Les infections et les tumeurs malignes etaient respectivement plus frequentes chez les sujets de moins de 40 ans (p=0;00) et ceux de plus de 40 ans (p=0;01). Conclusion : La pathologie non traumatique du rachis dorsal est rare en pratique rhumatologique a Abidjan. Elle est dominee par le mal de Pott

Etiologies des dorsalgies non traumatiques en milieu rhumatologique en Cote d'Ivoire : a propos de 67 cas vus a Abidjan

Objectif Determiner la prevalence des principales affections non traumatiques du rachis dorsal et identifier les principales causes des dorsalgies vues en milieu rhumatologique africain.Materiels et methode Etude retrospective transversale et descriptive menee au service de Rhumatologie du Chu de Cocody (Abidjan) sur une periode de 5 ans. Ont ete inclus les patients atteints d'affections non traumatiques du rachis dorsal. 67 patients repondaient a ces criteres. Une fiche d'enquete a permis de recueillir les donnees epidemiologiques; cliniques; paracliniques et diagnostiques. La recherche d'un lien entre des facteurs epidemiologiques et les etiologies a ete faite grace au test de Khi deux de Pearson. Le test etait significatif quand p etait strictement inferieur a 0;05.Resultats La prevalence hospitaliere etait de 4;03 soit 67 parmi 1661 affections rachidiennes. Les femmes predominaient (60) avec une moyenne d'age de 46;1 ans. La pathologie inflammatoire (80;6) etait representee par le mal de pott (67;16); les tumeurs malignes (11;94) associant les metastases de cancers (7;44) et le myelome multiple (4;5) et enfin d'une pyomyosite paravertebrale (1;5). La pathologie mecanique (19;4) etait composee de la dorsarthrose (7;44); la hernie discale (1;5); la dorsalgie fonctionnelle (1;5); la maladie de Forestier (1;5); la scoliose (1;5) et l'osteoporose commune (5;96). Les infections et les tumeurs malignes etaient respectivement plus frequentes chez les sujets de moins de 40 ans (p=0;00) et ceux de plus de 40 ans (p=0;01).ConclusionLa pathologie non traumatique du rachis dorsal est rare en pratique rhumatologique a Abidjan. Elle est dominee par le mal de Pott

Abordaje combinado en columna toracolumbar para los tumores / Approach combined in thoracolumbar spine for tumors

Introducción: el progreso de la imaginología, la supervivencia del paciente oncológico y el desarrollo de instrumentaciones cortas, aumentó el interés por el uso de abordajes combinados. Objetivo: exponer la experiencia del servicio de ortopedia del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras en abordaje combinado de columna toracolumbar. Descripción: se presentaron 5 casos con procesos tumorales del segmento toracolumbar en los que se empleó abordaje combinado, operados en el servicio de ortopedia desde febrero de 2007 hasta mayo de 2011; se reflejó edad, sexo, tipo de tumor. Se evaluó el dolor (por la escala Denis) y el estado neurológico (por la escala Frankel) preoperatorio y posoperatorio, así como las complicaciones. Resultados: en los pacientes menores de 50 años predominó el sexo femenino y los tumores primarios; 4 pacientes tenían en el preoperatorio un estado Frankel C y en todos se logró pasar a E. En cuanto al dolor por la escala Denis que era entre 3 y 4, pasaron a 0 y 1. Como complicaciones se presentó una luxación del injerto con sepsis profunda, así como 2 desgarros del saco dural. Conclusiones: el abordaje combinado se presenta como opción ventajosa y recomendable de tratamiento quirúrgico en los tumores espinales

Introduction: the progress of imaging, the survival of oncology patient and the development of short instrumentations increased the interest by the use of combined approaches. Objective: to expose the experience of the Orthopedics service of Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical Surgical Hospital in the combined approach of thoracolumbar spine. Description: authors present 5 cases presenting with tumoral processes of thoracolumbar segment using a combined approach, operated on above mentioned service from February, 2007 to May, 2011. Following variables were included: age, sex, and type of tumor. Pain was assessed (Denis) and the preoperative and postoperative neurologic status (Frankel), as well as the complications. Results: in patients aged under 50 there was predominance of female sex and of primary tumors: in preoperative period 4 patients had a C Frankel and in all of them it was possible to move to E. As regards the Denis pain between 3 and 4 moving to 0 and 1. Complications included graft luxation with a deep sepsis, as well as two dural sac tears. Conclusions: the combined approach is an advantageous and recommendable option for surgical treatment in spinal tumors

[ report of a case with Gorham's disease]

Gorham's disease is rare and is associated with progressive bone destruction. The first case was reported in 1838 and until now 175 cases with Gorham's disease have been reported in the literature. In this article a patient with concurrent involvement of lumbar spine and trochanteric region is reported. A 32 years old woman with intensive back pain and paraplegia was admitted to our center. Radiological and laboratory studies were done. Spinal x-rays revealed L3 collapse and a potential metastatic lesion in L3 and trochanteric region. Patient underwent cord decompression and stabilization of the spine and biopsy was done. Histological studies demonstrated that the lesion is due to Gorham's disease. Gorham's disease can involve spine and cause paraplegia and in this conditions, decompression can be helpful. Also, our case portrayed that this disease can involve distant bones concurrently

One-year Outcome Evaluation after Interspinous Implantation for Degenerative Spinal Stenosis with Segmental Instability

The authors hypothesized that the placement of the interspinous implant would show a similar clinical outcome to the posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in patients having spinal stenosis with mild segmental instability and that this method would be superior to PLIF without significantly affecting degeneration at the adjacent segments. Forty two adult patients having degenerative spinal stenosis with mild segmental instabilit who underwent implantation of Coflex(TM) (Spine motion, Germany) or PLIF at L4-5 between January 2000 and December 2003 were consecutively selected and studied for one-year clinical outcome. At 12 months after surgery, both groups showed a significant improvement in the visual analogue scale score and Oswestry disability index score for both lower extremity pain and low back pain. However, the range of motion at the upper adjacent segments (L3-4) increased significantly after surgery in the PLIF group, which was not manifested in the Coflex(TM) group during the follow-up. The authors assumed that interspinous implantation can be an alternative treatment for the spinal stenosis with segmental instability in selected conditions posing less stress on the superior adjacent level than PLIF.

Failed back surgery syndrome: casuistic and etiology / Síndrome pós-laminectomia: casuística e etiologia

OBJECTIVE: To report our data of cases of failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) and surgical and nonsurgical etiologies. METHOD: The medical charts of 121 patients submitted to laminectomy, hemilaminectomy combined with discectomy and/or foraminotomy between January 1997 and October 2004 in the Instituto of Neurologia Deolindo Couto were reviewed. The inclusion criterion was does not improve or the symptoms return after the surgery and with a minimum of three medical consultations with adequate investigation for the diagnosis. The patients had been divided in three main pre-surgical diagnosis: herniated disc, lumbar stenosis and the association of these. RESULTS: From the 121 patients submitted to spine surgical intervention, 47 (38.8 percent) had presented criteria for the FBSS. Among the 26 patients who had presented operative diagnosis of lumbar stenosis, 8 (30.7 percent) had presented FBSS; of the 83 with disc herniation, 31 (37.3 percent) had the syndrome; and the 12 patients with lumbar stenosis associated with disc herniation, 7 (58.3 percent) had failure of the back surgery. CONCLUSION: The failure of back surgery remains a challenge for the surgeons. There is an incessant search for the causes and the action mechanisms of this syndrome and the best method of treatment.

OBJETIVO: Relatar nossos dados sobre a síndrome pós-laminectomia (SPL) e as causas cirúrgicas e não-cirúrgicas. MÉTODO: Foram revisados 121 prontuários de pacientes submetidos a laminectomia, hemilaminectomia combinadas com discectomia e/ou foraminotomia realizadas no Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto entre janeiro de 1997 e outubro de 2004. RESULTADOS: Dos 121 pacientes que sofreram intervenção cirúrgica lombar, 47 (38,8 por cento) apresentaram critérios para a SPL. Dos 26 pacientes que apresentaram diagnóstico pré-operatório de estenose lombar, 8 (30,7 por cento) apresentaram SPL; dos 83 com hérnia de disco, 31 (37,3 por cento) tiveram a síndrome; e dos 12 pacientes com estenose lombar associada com hérnia de disco, 7 (58,3 por cento) tiveram a SPL. CONCLUSÃO: A síndrome pós-laminectomia permanece um desafio para os cirurgiões. Há uma busca incessante pelas causas e os mecanismos de ação desta síndrome e o melhor método de tratamento.

Self reported morbidity and awareness regarding common cancers in elderly women.

A study based on 198 women above 45 years of age was undertaken using interview methods in a house to house survey, to find the self reported morbidity and awareness regarding common cancers and screening tests. In this study the most commonly reported morbidity was due to reproductive system and related problems. Among reported problems the most common was visual (66.5%) followed by joint pains(58.9%).There was a highly significant relationship between Hypertension, Diabetes and age and also highly significant relationship between education and reported morbidity like low back ache, easy fatiguability, Hypertension and Diabetes. Women in the age group (45-55years) had a significantly better awareness about common cancers. 29.7% women were aware of breast self examination (BSE) and 20.6% practicing BSE. It was also found that women belonging to nuclear families were significantly more likely to practice BSE. Two thirds of the respondents did not know about the screening test for Breast Cancer and 83.7% were unaware of the test for cervical cancer.