Hiperendemia de equinococosis y fertilidad quística en porcinos del valle interandino de Huancarama, Perú / Echinococcosis hyper-endemic and cystic fertility in pigs of the inter-andean valley of Huancarama, Peru

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el porcentaje de infección de equinococosis en porcinos, fertilidad quística y factores asociados. Estudio de corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 579 porcinos faenados en el matadero de Huancarama. Los quistes hidatídicos fueron detectados mediante evaluación post mórtem. La fertilidad se determinó midiendo el diámetro de los quistes y observando microscópicamente la membrana germinativa en busca de protoescólices. El porcentaje de infección de equinococosis quística fue de 76,7% (IC95%: 73,2-80,3). Los porcinos mayores a dos años tuvieron más oportunidad de presentar quistes (RP 1,03; IC95%:1,0-1,1; p<0,01), al igual que los provenientes del distrito de Andahuaylas (RP 1,2; IC95%: 1,1-1,4; p<0,01). Los quistes pulmonares presentaron menor porcentaje de infección que los hepáticos. Se examinaron 346 quistes hidatídicos de 334 porcinos, se encontró una fertilidad total de 42,8% (IC95%: 37,4-48,1).

The objective of the research was to determine the percentage of echinococcosis infection in swine, cystic fertility and associated factors. Cross-sectional study. The population was formed by 579 pigs slaughtered in the slaughterhouse of Huancarama. Hydatid cysts were detected by postmortem evaluation. Fertility was determined by measuring the diameter of the cysts and microscopically observing the germinative membrane in search of protoscoleces. The percentage of cystic echinococcosis infection was 76.7% (CI 95%: 73.2-80.3). Pigs older than two years were more likely to have cysts (RP 1.03; CI 95%: 1.0-1.1; (P < 0.01), as well as those coming from the Andahuaylas district (RP 1.2; CI 95%: 1.1-1.4; P < 0.01). Lung cysts showed a lower percentage of infection than hepatic ones. We examined 346 hydatid cysts of 334 pigs, a total fertility of 42.8% was found (CI 95%: 37.4-48.1).

Collaborative control initiatives targeting zoonotic agents of alveolar echinococcosis in the northern hemisphere

Alveolar echinococcosis is one of the most important lethal zoonotic helminth infections in the northern hemisphere. Currently, the threat to public health is increasing, as evidenced by the rising prevalence rate of alveolar echinococcosis, as well as the invasion of urban areas by infected wild foxes. This threat is further increased due to the involvement of pet dogs, and probably cats, as emerging sources of infection. These increased threats to public health also have associated economic risks; therefore, there is a need for effective and sustainable methods of control. In this paper, initiatives to control alveolar echinococcosis by targeting its definitive hosts through anthelmintic baiting campaigns initiated by local residents who used local resources for bait production, distribution and collection of fecal samples for diagnosis are described. Further, when such distribution programs are coupled with the use of GIS-based maps, the optimum distribution of bait was obtained. These programs have also included the use of intravital diagnostic analyses of infection rates, which have been overseen by the Forum on Environment and Animals (FEA), and also allowed a nationwide monitoring of echinococcosis in difinitive hosts. In addition, a government initiative requiring mandatory reporting of echinococcosis in dogs to health authorities was recently initiated in Japan. Overall, the results of this study have shown that use of collaborative control initiatives targeting zoonotic agents of alveolar echinococcosis can be an effective method for reducing the threat of lethal echinococcosis in the northern hemisphere.

Caracteristicas de la larva de Echinococcus vogeli Rausch y Bernstein, 1972 en el huesped intermediario natural, la Guagua Cuniculus Paca l. (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae) / Characteristics of the larval stages of Echinoccocus vogeli Rausch and Berstein 1972 in the intermediary natural host, the Guagua Cuniculus Paca l. (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae)

En Colombia el huesped intermediario natural de Echinococcus vogeli Rausch y Bernstein, 1972 es la guagua, Cuniculus paca l. (Rodentia : Dasyproctidae). El cestodo larvario se desarrolla en el higado del huesped, donde casi siempre se lo ve parcialmente expuesto bajo la capsula de Glisson. La larva infectiva esta constituida por una vesicula llena de liquido entre subesferica y asimetrica, con mas de 30 mm de diametro, envuelta por una membrana laminada gruesa. Su lumen contiene numerosas cavidades, que a menudo se interconectan, y que se producen por proliferacion endogena de tejido germinal y laminado, dentro del cual se originan a partir de la capa germinal las vesiculas hijas de distribucion irregular. No se observo crecimiento invasivo, por proliferacion exogena, tipica de las infecciones en el hombre. Se describe el desarrollo del cestodo larvario con base en material de guaguas, suplementado mediante la observacion de lesiones iniciales en nutrias experimentalmente infectadas. Miocastor coypus (Molina) (Rodentia : Capromyidae). En el huesped intermediario, que tiene una vida comparativamente larga, se observa el estadio larvario temprano, el maduro (infectivo), y las larvas que sufren degeneracion. Cada uno con una respuesta tisular diferente. Ademas de las diferencias descritas antes sobre tamanos y formas de los ganchos rostelares, se han definido otras caracteristicas..