Volumétrico ecocardiográfico de cuatro dimensiones y Evaluación Funcional de la Aurícula Izquierda en Sujetos masculinos sanos en relación con la edad / Four-Dimensional Echocardiographic Volumetric and Functional Assessment of the Left Atrium in Healthy Male Subjects in Relation to Age

Background: Four-dimensional echocardiography technique results in marked improvements in terms of quality and accuracy in assessing the size and function of heart chambers, especially the left atrium as its geometric variation has a notable impact on the results when using traditional echocardiographic techniques alone. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the probability of significant functional and morphological changes in the left atrium with advancing age using Four-dimension echocardiography. Method: Four-dimensional technique derived left atrial phasic volumes and functions were assessed in (30) healthy subjects with mean age of 73.6 (±3.6) years and (30) young subjects with mean age of 23.17 (±3.5) years. Results: Old age group showed a significant increase in maximum left atrial volume index, minimum left atrial volume index and pre-atrial contraction left atrial volume index compared to young age group (31.52±1.09 vs. 26.44±1.03, P < 0.001), (17.93±0.43 vs. 15.89±0.44, P < 0.00) and (25.73±1.003 vs. 22.34±0.77, P < 0.01), respectively. In the old age group, the passive left atrial emptying function (LAEF) significantly decreased (20.43±0.25% vs. 24.96±0.93%, p<0.00), while the active LAEF significantly increased (37.36±1.33% vs. 32.65±1.13%, P< 0.009) in comparison to the values of the young subjects. Conclusions: These results suggest that left atrial structural as well as functional changes occur with advancing age in absence of evident pathological causes and 4-dimentional echocardiography can be used to evaluate these changes

Four-dimensional reconstruction by inversion mode of spatio-temporal image in prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart diseases / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the value of 4-dimensional reconstruction by inversion mode of spatio-temporal image correlation (STIC) in prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart diseases.@*METHODS@#Cardiac volume images of 30 normal fetuses and 22 fetuses with congenital heart diseases were obtained by STIC gray-scale 2-dimensional imaging technique. Under the guidance of cross-sectional display, the images were collected by inversion mode.@*RESULTS@#A total of 53 and 38 qualified volume images were obtained in the 30 normal fetuses and 22 fetuses with congenital heart diseases respectively. All volume images were inverted successfully and showed the spacial position of the heart and blood vessel directly.@*CONCLUSION@#Four-dimensional reconstruction by inversion mode of STIC is feasible. This new method can provide more morphologic information, and may be used for prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart diseases.

Estruturas torácicas fetais: avanços em imagem sonográfica / Fetal thoracic structures: advances in sonographic imaging

Nesta revisão são apresentados os recentes métodos ultra-sonográficos aplicados na avaliação de estruturas torácicas fetais e suas anomalias. Serão revisados o volume pulmonar fetal por ultra-sonografia tridimensional (3D), a análise da parede torácica por imagem reconstruída em 3D e o modo imagem 3D para esqueleto, a avaliação dos vasos intratorácicos por ultrasonografia power Doppler 3D, a análise da anatomia cardíaca por imagem temporoespacial tridimensional em tempo real (4D) - STICtm, a identificação de estruturas intratorácicas normais e anormais por imagem de contraste de volume e a avaliação do coração e dos grandes vasos por modo de imagem invertido em 3D e 4D.

Imágenes en cardiopatía congenita en el adulto. Ecocardiografía: De la imagen bidimensional a la imagen en cuatro dimensiones / From 2D to 4D echocardiography in adults with congenital heart disease

In the present publication an analysis of the utility is done of the Echocardiography, and its different modalities, in the diagnosis of patient adult with Congenital Heart disease. Special emphasis since the view 2-D to the view in 4-D.