concept of [Medical Ethics] according to doctors and nurses and their demands from Ethicists in Turkey

To determine what the physicians and nurses understand from the concept of ethics and to evaluate their expectations from the specialist who study medical ethics. The views of 192 physicians and 192 nurses from all hospital in Sivas were obtained through a questionnaire. The difference between the responses of both groups for each question was assessed by Chi-square test and t-test. The mean score given by all participants for the relationship between the different activities, applications and approaches and ethics approaches was 4.7 [taking extremely important and critical decisions for patients] The highest score for the question of [the necessary qualifications that a medical specialist should have] was 4.7 [the solution ability for the medical problems]. Participants had a tendency to reduce medical ethics to practical ethics; and they consider ethics from their occupational point of view

Autonomia versus cronicidade: uma questão ética no processo de cuidar em enfermagem / Autonomy versus chronicity: an ethical question in the nursing care process

Vivenciar uma doença crônica pode comprometer o exercício de autonomia dos pacientes, o que pode ser reforçado pelos cuidadores. Objetiva-se de compreender os motivos que levam as enfermeiras a interferirem na capacidade de autonomia dos pacientes portadores de patologias crônicas e apontar para elas estratégias de estímulo da autonomia dos pacientes. Realizou-se pesquisa descritiva qualitativa, mediante entrevistas semi-estruturadas com cinco enfermeiras de um Hospital Universitário no Sul do país, em 2005. Da análise de conteúdo dos dados, emergiram as categorias: o não reconhecimento da capacidade de autonomia dos clientes; o desconhecimento dos clientes de seus direitos; perfil de dependência dos clientes; estratégias para intensificar e/ou resgatar o exercício de autonomia dos pacientes crônicos no que se refere às ações das enfermeiras. Conclui-se que o não reconhecimento, pelas enfermeiras pesquisadas, da importância da autonomia do cliente pode reforçar sua dependência da enfermagem, contrariando princípios éticos.

[Psychological reaction of nurses to the context in ethical decision making]

Ethical decision making is an essential element in nursing practice. There are various contextual factors which can result in ethical conflicts that demand the nurse's abilities to recognize moral dilemmas and make appropriate moral decisions. The aim of this article is description of psychological reactions of nurses to the context in ethical decision making in patients care. The present study was conducted by grounded theory method. Participants were 17 Iranian employed nurses. Semi-structured, unstructured and in-depth interview were used for data gathering. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded according to Strauss and Corbin method in coding and constant comparative analysis. Job stress and moral distress were identified as a major reaction of nurses to the context in ethical decision making. Satisfaction vs. dissatisfaction, increasing motivation vs. decreasing motivation, happiness vs. fatigue and impatience, hopefully vs. demoralization, worthiness sense vs. unworthiness sense, adaptation and sensitivity vs. be habitual and apathy were other psychological reactions of nurses to the context in ethical decision making. According to the nurses ethical decision making context which include nurse individual and job characteristics, patient and his/her family characteristics, physician characteristics, and structural and nursing management constraints are influence factors in their psychological reactions. Thus, it is necessary that the nurses consider the context in their own psychological reactions. Also, structural involving agents and nursing managers must be attempt to reform and improve the context especially structural conditions

survey on nurses' attitude in respecting clients' rights in different wards of Hamedan Medical Sciences University

Human rights are the most important ethical rights that should be equally considered for every human being. The individuals rights are defined on the basis of their needs. Managers of medical health centers are responsible for patients'rights protection. Respecting the individuals' rights is another nurses' responsibility in addition to their basic and principle responsibility to provide the patients with health care. Knowing and following the patients' rights by the nurses and increasing patients' trust and satisfaction are very important issues. The Purpose of this research is determining the nurses' attitude on respecting patients' rights in acceptance or avoidance of a treatment, keeping their personal information as secret and their rights in patient humanitarian researches. This research was a descriptive study. The research areas were the medical science university hospitals. Sampling was achieved randomly. The data gathering tool was a two section questionnaire. In the first section, demographic characteristics were asked from research units and in the second section, 21 close questions about patients' rights were asked. The statistical method used included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations coefficients and qi-square test. Most of the research units were clinical nurses, 21-25 years old, BS degree, and had 5-9 years of work experience. The nurses' attitude toward patients' right of being respected was 58%, patients' right of accepting or avoiding a treatment was 57.7%, keeping patients' personal information as secret was 64.3% and respecting patients' right in humanitarian researches was 60.7%. Statistical reviews between the work experiences of research units and their attitude on respecting patients' rights showed a significant association. Regarding the findings, increasing patients' trust and satisfaction can come true through promotion of nursing care quality and nurses' better function regarding clients rights respect

O significado da responsabilidade profissional da enfermeira no bloco cirúrgico / The meaning of professional responsability of an operating room nurse

Trata-se de estudo fenomenológico, cujo objeto é a responsabilização da enfermeira no Bloco Cirúrgico. Objetiva compreender como a enfermeira do Bloco Cirúrgico de um hospital de Salvador vivência a responsabilidade...

Tendo que vencer o próprio preconceito: a mulher enfermeira cuidando da mulher que provoca aborto / Having to overcome own prejudice: nurses taking care of woman that provokes abortion

O presente estudo teve como temática os significados atribuídos pelas mulheres enfermeiras que trabalham em maternidades às mulheres que provocam o aborto, e por conseqüência as maneiras pelas quais se estabelecem as relações de interação entre estas mulheres no processo de cuidar em enfermagem. Constituiu-se numa pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, que teve como base os pressupostos da Interação Simbólica e da Grounded Theory. Para obtenção dos dados foi utilizada a estratégia de entrevistas não estruturadas, gravadas em fita cassete, realizadas com enfermeiras atuantes numa maternidade da rede municipal, de referência para realização do aborto terapêutico, na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O interesse pelo estudo foi decorrente de anos de trabalho e de ampla experiência da autora no atendimento à clientela feminina, sendo que o tratamento desumano e agressivo oferecido às mulheres, nos casos de aborto provocado nas unidades da rede pública, foi o que despertou o interesse em realizar esta pesquisa. No cotidiano das interações entre mulheres que provocam aborto e enfermeiras que trabalham em maternidade, observou-se estarem fortemente presentes relações de gênero e de poder, determinantes de padrões comportamentais e sexuais rígidos para o sexo feminino na sociedade. Foram abordados dogmas religiosos que defendem a vida intra-uterina a qualquer preço e suas influências no cuidado prestado pelas enfermeiras às mulheres que provocam o aborto. Os resultados demonstraram que a mulher enfermeira vivencia um grande conflito ao cuidar da mulher que provoca aborto. Para estas, assistir as mulheres que provocam aborto é estar sempre "tendo que admitir a existência do próprio preconceito e a discriminação de todos os profissionais de Saúde, nesse tipo de atendimento", é ao mesmo tempo estar "tendo que vencer os próprios preconceitos". Ficou evidente ainda que, embora compreendam que esse comportamento é fruto de uma construção social que aprisiona o corpo feminino à reprodução, as enfermeiras não conseguem deixar de perceber esse ato como crime, e as mulheres que o praticam como criminosas, isto em conformidade com a concepção de ética que lhes é cobrada.