In vitro antibacterial-antibiofilm effect of Hypericum atomarium Boiss and chemical composition

Abstract Treatment with plant is considered an effective option against increased antibiotic resistance. In this study antibiofilm activity of methanol (CH3OH), chloroform (CHCl3), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and water (H2O) extracts of Hypericum atomarium Boiss. which is member of Hypericum genus was evaluated in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and antibacterial performance against Gram (+) and Gram (-) strains and also bioactive compounds of extract were analysed using by HPLC and GC-MS. According to antibacterial activity test results the extracts were effective all Gram (+) bacteria and Gram (-) Chromobacterium violaceum (MICs ranging from 0.42 µg/ml to 4.3 mg). Inhibition effect of biofilm formation was found to be different rate in extracts (methanol-63%, chloroform-52%). The major flavonoids were detected (−)-epicatechin (2388.93 µg/ml) and (+)-catechin (788.94 µg/ml). The main phenolic acids were appeared as caffeic acid 277.34 µg/ml and chlorogenic acid 261.79 µg/ml. And according to GC results α-pinene was found main compound for three solvent extracts methanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate 67.05, 62.69, 49.28% rate respectively

Coagulase-Positive Staphylococcal Necrotizing Fasciitis Subsequent to Shoulder Sprain in a Healthy Woman

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a deep infection of the subcutaneous tissue that progressively destroys fascia and fat; it is associated with systemic toxicity, a fulminant course, and high mortality. NF most frequently develops from trauma that compromises skin integrity, and is more common in patients with predisposing medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, alcoholism, renal disease, liver disease, immunosuppression, malignancy, or corticosteroid use. Most often, NF is caused by polymicrobial pathogens including aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. NF caused by Staphylococcus aureus as a single pathogen, however, is rare. Here we report a case of NF that developed in a healthy woman after an isolated shoulder sprain that occurred without breaking a skin barrier, and was caused by Staphylococcus aureus as a single pathogen.

Alterações morfométricas no plexo mioentérico do cólon menor equino distendido experimentalmente / Morphometrical alterations in myoenteric plexus of experimentally distended equine small colon

O cólon menor dos equinos é frequentemente acometido por afecções obstrutivas, sendo a disfunção da motilidade uma complicação comum após o tratamento cirúrgico. Este transtorno pode estar relacionado com lesões no plexo mioentérico ocorridas durante a distensão intestinal, contudo pouco se sabe sobre sua fisiopatologia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações morfológicas na inervação mioentérica em segmentos de cólon menor de eqüinos submetidos à distensão intraluminal com pressão suficiente para promover redução da perfusão microvascular (isquemia parcial) da parede intestinal. Nove eqüinos foram submetidos à distensão do cólon menor por 4h. Fragmentos da parede intestinal foram colhidos antes e ao final da distensão, após 1,5 e 12 horas de reperfusão no segmento experimental e ao final do procedimento em segmento distante. As amostras foram fixadas e processadas rotineiramente e secções histológicas foram coradas com cresil violeta para a morfometria. Por meio de um software de análise de imagens, obtiveram-se a área, o perímetro e os diâmetros mínimo e máximo do corpo neuronal, do núcleo e do nucléolo dos neurônios e as áreas do citoplasma e do nucleoplasma. Verificou-se redução significativa (P<0,05) das áreas do corpo neuronal e do citoplasma ao final da distensão, retornando aos valores equivalentes aos iniciais durante a reperfusão. Conclui-se que a distensão intraluminal alterou morfologicamente os neurônios do plexo mioentérico. Essas modificações morfológicas podem estar associadas e contribuir para explicar a disfunção da motilidade freqüentemente observada em casos clínicos.

The equine small colon is frequently affected by obstruction, and intestinal motility dysfunction is a common complication after its surgical treatment. This fact may be related to myoenteric plexus lesion caused by distention; however, little is known about the pathophysiology of this condition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological alterations in the myoenteric inervation of segments of small colon of horses subjected to intraluminal distension with reduction of the microvascular perfusion (partial ischemia) of the intestinal wall. Nine horses were used to promote distension of on segment of small colon for 4 hours. Samples of intestinal wall were collected before and at the end of the distension, after 1.5 and 12 hours of reperfusion in the experimental segment and at the end of the procedure in a different distant segment. Samples were processed and histological sections were stained with cresyl violet for the morphometric studies. An image analyzer software was used to measure perimeter, diameter, and area of the neuronal body, nucleus and nucleolus of the neurons and the areas of the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. Significant reductions (P<0.05) in the areas of the neuronal body and cytoplasm were detected at the end of intestinal distension, returning to the basal values during the reperfusion. In conclusion, intraluminal distension promoted changes in the morphology of the neurons of myoenteric plexus. These morphological modifications may be associated to the motility dysfunction frequently observed in clinical cases.

Entorse do joelho com hemartrose / Knee sprain with hemarthrosis

Com base no estudo de 50 pacientes portadores de entorse moderada do joelho com hemartrose, submetidos a exame clínico sob anestesia e artroscopia, os autores chamam a atenção para a potencial gravidade destas lesões, principalmente para a alta incidência de lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior, constatada em 75 por cento dos pacientes.