Entrópio palpebral severo pós cirurgia de correção de ptose / Severe eyelid entropion after ptosis correction surgery

Resumo Paciente de 69 anos evoluiu com entrópio palpebral severo após cirurgia de correção de ptose palpebral pela técnica de reinserção da aponeurose do músculo levantador da pálpebra superior. Realizada reintervenção onde foi diagnosticado uma fixação da aponeurose em uma posição muito inferior e feita uma refixacação no 1/3 superior do tarso, com melhora do quadro funcional e estético com boa satisfação da paciente. Devido às suturas em topografia mais inferior, o tarso adquire forma de U em decorrência do dobramento no centro da placa tarsal e da rotação inferior da sua metade superior resultando no entrópio. Este caso ressalta a importância do cuidado quanto a localização da inserção da aponeurose do MLPS, principalmente nos paciente idosos, como forma de evitar o encurvamento vertical do tarso.

Abstract Sixty-nine (69) year old patient with severe upper eyelid entropion following surgical correction of ptosis through levator muscle aponeurosis advancement and reinsertion. The aponeurosis advancement appeared to be much lower than typically intended, and surgical repair was performed via aponeurosis re-fixation into the superior 1/3 of the tarsal plate, with subsequent improvement in the aesthetic and functional outcome, and a satisfied patient. Due to the inferiorly located tarsal sutures, the tarsal plate acquires a U-shape due to a central fold and an inferior rotation of its upper half, resulting in entropion formation. This case highlights the importance of taking great care when advancing the levator muscle in ptosis due to levator aponeurosis dehiscence, particularly in elderly patients, so as to avoid vertically folding the superior tarsal plate.

Anterior tarsal flap rotation combined with anterior lamellar reposition in the repair of cicatricial upper eyelid entropion / Rotação anterior de retalho tarsal combinada com reposição laminar anterior no reparo do entrópio cicatricial das pálpebras superiores

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to share the results of patients who underwent anterior tarsal flap rotation combined with anterior lamellar reposition because of cicatricial upper eyelid entropion, and to determine the effectiveness and reliability of this surgical technique. Methods: Fifteen eyes of 11 patients (2 right eyes; 5 left eyes; and 4 bilateral eyes) on whom we performed anterior tarsal flap rotation surgery combined with anterior lamellar reposition because of cicatricial entropion were included in this study. The medical records of the patients were analyzed retrospectively, and the causes of cicatricial entropion as well as the preoperative and postoperative ophthalmic examination findings were recorded. Normal anatomical appearance and function of eyelid were considered to have been achieved. Results: The mean age was 59.81 ± 18 years. The mean follow-up period was 21.72 ± 14 months (range, 5-43 months). The causes of cicatricial entropion were postoperative cicatrices development due to multiple electrolyzes for trichiasis and/or distichiasis in 7 eyes, trachoma in 6 eyes, and trauma in 2 eyes. Irritation and watering were detected in all patients preoperatively, whereas corneal opacity and erosion were detected in 10 patients and epithelial erosion was detected in one patient. Full anatomical and functional success was achieved for all patients. Conclusion: Anterior tarsal flap rotation combined with anterior lamellar reposition in the repair of cicatricial entropion was found to be an effective and reliable alternative surgical procedure.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compartilhar os resultados dos pacientes submetidos à rotação de retalho tarsal anterior, combinados com a reposição lamelar anterior devido à entrópio cicatricial da pálpebra superior e determinar a eficácia e a confiabilidade desta técnica cirúrgica. Métodos: Foram incluídos neste estudo quinze olhos de 11 pacientes em quem realizamos cirurgia de rotação de retalho tarsal anterior combinada com reposição lamelar anterior devido ao entrópio cicatricial. Os registros médicos dos pacientes foram analisados retrospectivamente e as causas da entrópio cicatricial, bem como os achados do exame oftalmológico pré-operatório e pós-operatório foram registrados. A integridade anatômica e funcional da pálpebra foi considerada como sucesso cirúrgico. Resultados: A idade média foi de 59,81 ± 18 anos. O período médio de seguimento foi de 21,72 ± 14 meses (intervalo 5-43 meses). As causas da entrópio cicatricial foram o desenvolvimento de cicatrizes pós-operatórias devido a eletrólises múltiplas para triquíase e/ou distiquiase em 7 olhos, tracoma em 6 olhos e trauma em 2 olhos. Todos os pacientes foram tiveram irritação e lacrimejamento pré-operatório, enquanto que 10 pacientes apresentavam opacidade e erosão da córnea e 1 paciente apresentava apenas erosão epitelial. O sucesso total anatômico e funcional foi alcançado em todos os casos. Conclusão: A rotação do retalho tarsal anterior combinada com a reposição lamelar anterior no reparo da entrópio cicatricial é um procedimento cirúrgico alternativo efetivo e confiável.

Síndrome de Rothmund / Rothmund syndrome

RESUMO A síndrome de Rothmund (RTS) é uma rara genodermatose, de herança autossômica recessiva. Sua incidência é desconhecida, com aproximadamente 300 casos descritos na literatura. A síndrome é determinada por eritema facial (poiquilodermia), seu marco diagnóstico, além de alterações esqueléticas, alopecia, catarata juvenil e predisposição a osteossarcoma. Neste relato, descrevemos uma paciente com esta síndrome, que foi referida ao serviço de oftalmologia por baixa visão e hiperemia ocular.

ABSTRACT Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis. While its incidence is unknown, approximately 300 cases have been reported in the literature. The syndrome typically presents with a characteristic facial rash (poikiloderma), its diagnostic hallmark, and heterogeneous clinical features including congenital skeletal abnormalities, sparse hair distribution, juvenile cataracts, and a predisposition to osteosarcoma. This is a report describing a patient diagnosed with RTS referred to us because of low vision and red eyes.

A importância da enoftalmia senil no desenvolvimento do entrópio involucional / The role of senile enophthalmos in involutional entropion

OBJETIVO: Observar a importância da enoftalmia senil no desenvolvimento do entrópio involucional. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de 30 pacientes da raça branca com idade superior a 65 anos com diagnóstico de entrópio involucional uni ou bilateral. Estes pacientes (Grupo I) e um grupo controle (Grupo II) foram submetidos a exoftalmometria com o exoftalmômetro de Hertel. Os pacientes do grupo controle não apresentavam entrópio involucional, porém os demais critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram observados. As variáveis idade e exoftalmometria foram submetidas a análise estatística. RESULTADOS: A idade média do Grupo I foi de 77,7 anos e do Grupo II, 75,7 anos. Ao analisar os 18 casos unilaterais do Grupo I foi observado que não há diferença estatisticamente significante entre os valores da exoftalmometria obtidos nos olhos com doença (15,22 mm) com os dos olhos sem a doença (15,11 mm). O mesmo ocorreu analisando a média da exoftalmometria do Grupo II (15,3 mm) em relação à dos olhos com doença. CONCLUSÃO: Não foi observada relação entre a presença de entrópio involucional e enoftalmia senil.

PURPOSE: To observe the role of senile enophthalmos in involutional entropion. METHODS: Prospective clinical study comparing a population of 30 white patients above 65 years with involutional entropion (Group I) of an age- and race-matched control group (Group II). All age and exophthalmometric values were analyzed by a statistical study. RESULTS: The average age was 77.7 years in Group I and 75.7 years in Group II. Eyes with involutional entropion are no more likely to have enophthalmos (15.22 mm) than is the involved contralateral eye (15.11 mm) or normal eyes of an age- and race-matched control group (15.13 mm). CONCLUSION: There is no correlation between involutional entropion and senile enophthalmos.

Management of trachomatous cicatricial entropion of the upper eye lid: Our modified technique

Management of trachomatous cicatricial entropion of the upper eye lid presents a difficult problem. Many surgical approaches have been developed to address it. We report the functional and cosmetic results of our modified surgical technique we have developed in the management of trachomatous cicatricial entropion of the upper eye lid. 45 lids of 43 patients having trachomatous cicatricial entropion of upper eye lids were operated by our modified surgical technique in which we combine bilamellar tarsal margin rotation procedure with blepharoplasty. The technique and results were evaluated in a follow up period of up to 40 months. In all 45 upper eye lids, the normal eyelashes rotated away from the surface of the eye and were no longer in contact of the eye ball in all position of gaze. All eyes had adequate lid closure and regular lid margin. No eye had any overhanging baggy fold of skin at operation site. Three eyes had conjuctival granuloma which was excised under local anaesthesia Three eyes needed Diode laser ablation to treat isolated cilia posterior to normal lash line. Three eyes had mild over correction which regressed without any surgical intervention. One lid had segmental necrosis of distal part of eye lid which recovered spontaneously in following days. Our modified technique of combining bilamellar tarsal rotation procedure [BTR] with blepharoplasty appears to be an effective surgical technique in the management of the trachomatous cicatricial entropion of the upper eye lid. It achieves successful anatomical correction along with more acceptable cosmetic appearance

Correction of Lower Lid Retraction Combined with Entropion using an Ear Cartilage Graft in the Anophthalmic Socket

PURPOSE: To investigate the surgical results of an ear cartilage graft and supplemental procedures for correcting lower lid retraction combined with entropion in anophthalmic patients. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of 7 anophthalmic patients with lower lid retraction and entropion, who received a posterior lamellar ear cartilage graft and one or both of lateral tarsal strip or eyelash-everting procedure between March 1998 and March 2003. Preoperative and postoperative lid and socket statuses were also investigated. RESULTS: Ear cartilage grafts were performed in all 7 patients, lateral tarsal strips in 6, and eyelash-everting procedures in 5. Postoperative follow-up durations ranged from 4 to 28 months (average 12.6 months). Retractions were corrected during follow-up in all patients. There were no cases of entropion immediately after surgery. However, the eyelashes of the lower lid returned to an upright position in 4 patients, but not so severe as to touch the ocular prosthesis, and thus did not require surgical correction during follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Lower lid retraction combined with entropion in anophthalmic patients can be corrected effectively using an ear cartilage graft with selective, supplemental procedures.

Primary entropion in persian cats

Entropion is defined as the inward rolling of the eyelid margin in which the eyelashes and eyelid hair (frequently the lower lateral lid) rub the cornea. Etiologies may be congenital, spastic, or cicatricial. This condition usually causes epiphora, blepharospasm, photophobia, conjunctivitis, purulent discharge, corneal vascularization, pigmentation and ulceration, if not surgically treated. Congenital entropion commonly affects dogs and is frequently hereditary in some breeds, whereas cats are uncommonly affected. A predilection for the Persian breed to present primary entropion has been suggested. The authors report two cases of entropion in Persian cats referred to the Ophthalmology Section of Veterinary College of Säo Paulo State University - UNESP, Jaboticabal - SP / Brazil. First case: a male Persian cat, 2 years old, with a history of bilateral ocular irritation and purulent discharge for 8 months. Ophthalmic examination revealed epiphora, blepharospasm, photophobia, bilateral entropion affecting the whole length of the lower eyelids, conjunctivitis and purulent discharge. Second case: a male Persian cat, 1 year old, with a history of bilateral ocular irritation and purulent discharge for 3 weeks. At ophthalmic examination the animal was presenting epiphora, blepharospasm, photophobia, bilateral entropion affecting the whole length of the lower lids, conjunctivitis, purulent discharge, corneal vascularization, superficial ulceration and edema. The entropion persisted after topical anaestesia in both cats. Surgical treatment was similar in both cases, based on the modified Holtz-Celsus procedure. Grid keratotomy procedure was also performed in the second case. Both cats had a satisfactory clinic evolution which was confirmed few days after surgery.

Tratamento cirúrgico da triquíse maior / Surgical treatment for larger trichiasis

O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer as características dos portadores de triquíse maior e a resposta ao tratamento (cirurgia de Van Millingen). Foram avaliados 100 pacientes portadores da patologia e observou-se que a doença foi mais frequente em pacientes acima da sexta década de vida, portadores de tracoma cicatricial, cirurgia palpebral prévia, blefarite e meibomite. A pálpebra superior e a inferior foram acometidas nas mesmas proporçöes. A resposta ao tratamento cirúrgico foi pior nos portadores de triquíase associada ao entrópio, havendo necessidade de nova cirurgia em 23,1 p/c dos pacientes. Os autores responsabilizam o caráter crônico-evolutivo das patologias de base pelas falhas do tratamento

Estudo do entrópio em cavidades anoftálmicas / Entropion in anophthalmics sockets

Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo, durante um período de 22 anos, em 380 pacientes com cavidades anoftálmicas sem implantes, tendo sido encontrado um total de 83 casos com entrópio. Säo apresentados e analisados a etiologia, os tipos de cavidade, a localizaçäo do entrópio, as técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas e os resultados. Concluímos que o entrópio é uma deformidade habitualmente presente nessas cavidades, e que deveria ser incluído no quadro clínico que compöe a Síndrome da Cavidade Anoftálmica