An Adolescent Case of Recurrent Episodes of Ophthalmoplegic Migraine / 대한소아신경학회지

Ophthalmoplegic migraine (OM) is a poorly understood neurological syndrome characterized by recurrent headaches with paresis of the ocular cranial nerves. The third cranial nerve is most commonly affected; the fourth and sixth nerve less so. The etiology, pathophysiology, and definitive treatment of OM remain unclear. We here report a 12-year-old girl who presented with recurrent OM attacks. This adolescent patient demonstrated contrast-enhanced oculomotor nerves on magnetic resonance imaging during OM episodes and marked responses to steroid treatment. The findings in our present study emphasize the difficulty of OM diagnosis, even with new International Headache Society criteria, because patients rarely fulfill all of the relevant characteristics at the same time.

Three Cases of Ophthalomplegic Migraine

PURPOSE: To report three cases of ophthalmoplegic migraine which is a rare condition characterized by the association of headaches with an oculomotor nerve palsy. CASE SUMMARY: A 44-year-old male and two eight-year-old females were presented with diplopia developed after headaches. All of the three patients showed abnormal eye movement and they had past episodes of transient diplopia with headaches. Visual evoked potential (VEP), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, laboratory findings, and other neurologic tests were all normal, also there was no tumor or cerebrovascular disease on brain MRA & MRI. The symptoms of all patients improved gradually within several weeks from first the visit, with complete recovery seen in all three. CONCLUSIONS: Any patient who has a headache with paresis of the extraocular muscle should be considered for ophthalmoplegic migraine. To diagnose ophthalmoplegic migraine, family history, past medical history, associated symptoms and signs, neurologic examinations and neuroimaging tests are needed.

Fenómenos visuales como parte de un síndrome migrañoso. revisión de la literatura / Visual phenomenon as part of the migraine syndrome. literature review

Teniendo en cuenta los múltiples síntomas que suelen acompañar los episodios de migraña, son los síntomas visuales los que adquieren mayor porcentaje de presentación, los cuales pueden estar acompañados o no de cefalea. Estos síntomas pueden ubicarse dentro de un síndrome migrañoso específico como lo son la migraña con aura, aura típica sin cefalea, migraña retiniana y migraña oftalmoplégica. Se revisan y se presentan sus criterios diagnósticos y su manejo.

Visual phenomenon as part of the migraine syndrome.Literature review. Among the multiple symptoms, usually accompanying, the migraine episodes, there are the visual symptoms, which account for the highest incidence. These symptoms may or may no be accompanied by headache. These symptoms can be located into a specific migraine syndrome, such as “migraine with aura”, “aura without migraine”, “retinal migraine” and the “ophthalmoplegic migraine”. In this article we provide a topic review, as well as the diagnostic criteria and the management of this entity.

A Case of Ophthalmoplegic Migraine Developed in Infancy / 대한소아신경학회지

Ophthalmoplegic migraine is defined as recurrent unilateral headaches associated with extraocular muscle palsies. This disorder is more common in older children, but it may begin in infancy. Neuroimaging study should be performed to rule out conditions resulting in third nerve compression, such as intracranial aneurysm or mass lesions. Early treatment with corticosteroids could shorten the duration of the ophthalmoplegia and relieve the pain. We report a 8 year old boy who had severe headache with recurrent ipsilateral ophthalmoplegia that developed at the age of 2. The pediatrician should be aware that ophthalmoplegic migraine may occur in infancy and that early systemic steroid therapy is critical to prevent permanent sequelae.

A Case of Ophthalmoplegic Migraine with Gadolinium Enhancement of the Oculomotor Nerve on MR Imaging

The typical manifestation of repeated migraine headache followed by ophthalmoplegia can be diagnosed as a ophthalmoplegic migraine. The diagnosis requires exclusion of other causes. MRI was useful in excluding other causes of ophthalmoplegia with headache and there is few abnormal findings on MRI in ophthalmoplegic migraine patients. A 55-year-old man with a familial and personal history of migraine was admitted due to left ptosis and diplopia followed by insidiously developed headache. The migraine headache and ophthalmoplegia were improved spontaneously within 3 days and within 4 weeks, respectively. MRI demonstrated gadolinium enhancement on the cisternal portion of left oculomotor nerve.

A Case of Ophthalmoplegic Migraine: Reversible Ischemia Demontrated by Brain SPECT

Ophthalmoplegic migraine is a syndrome characterized by the typical history of migrainous headache followed by ophthalmoplegia in the absence of demonstrable intracranial lesion. Until now, investigations of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patient,; with migraine have been performed during prodromal and/or headache phases by brain SPECT with Tc-99m HMPAO. However, no such paper has described patients with ophthalmoplegic migraine. We present a 14-year-old girl with 4 episodes of paroxysmal migrainous headache on the right fronto-orbital area without aura followed by ptosis and diplopia, which were always gradually resolved without aberrant regeneration over 2 or 3 weeks period. Neurologic examination showed the right internal and external ophthalmoplegia. Diagnostic studies (including laboratory testis, Tensilon test, brain MRI, and cerebral angiography) were normal. Serial brain SPECT studies with Tc-99m HMPAO showed the presence of reversible ischemia in the branches of the posterior cerebral artery.

Ophthalmoplegic Migraine: A Case Report

The painful ophthalmoplegia may be caused by various diseases such as tuberculous meningitis, brain tumor, diabetes mellitus, aneurysm of internal carotid artery, nasopharyngeal tumor, temporal arteritis, Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, exophthalmic ophthalmoplegia, ophthalmoplegic migraine and pseudotumor of orbit. Ophthalmoplegic migraine can be diagnosed by the symptom of typical migraine followed by ophthalmoplegia but sbould be a diagnosls of exclusion. The present report describes a case of ophthalmoplegic migraine, a 9 year-old girl with migrainous headache followed by right orbital pain and oculomotor nerve palsy The patient responded well to propranolol. Literatures are briefly reviewed.