Effect of dietary Garcinia cambogia extract on serum lipid profile and serum enzymes in rats fed high-lipid diet

The aim of the study was to investigate the preventive effects of dietary Garcinia cambogia extract on lipid metabolism and serum activities of alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and gamma-glutamyle transferase [GGT] in rats fed high-lipid diet. Thirty female, one-year-old Sprague-Dawley rats were used and separated into three equal groups. Group 1 [control group] was fed basal diet [2% liquid vegetable oil, 0% cholesterol], while the diets of both group 2 and 3 contained vegetable oil [2% liquid and 5% hydrogenated vegetable oil] and cholesterol [3%]. 4.5% [w/w] Garcinia cambogia extract was added to the diet of group 3 from day 45. Blood samples were withdrawn from all rats on days 0, 45 and 75. Serum levels of total protein, LDL-cholesterol and phospholipid were lower in the control group than in the other two groups, and there were no significant differences between these two experimental groups at the end of the study [P<0.05]. Serum triglyceride concentrations rose significantly in the Garcinia cambogia-supplemented group [group 3]. HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly different between the three groups [P<0.05]. The highest levels were in the control group. Serum ALT activities were not significantly different between the groups at the end of the study. Serum AST and GGT activities were significantly lower in the groups 2 and 3 than those in the controls, respectively. Fat feeding caused rising lipid indices in serum, while Garcinia cambogia supplementation to the fatty diet failed to decrease the rise in serum lipid indices in the present dose. The higher doses of Garcinia cambogia extract should be investigated

Efeitos indesejáveis dos hipolipemiantes: condutas na prática clínica: [revisão] / Adverse effects of hypolipemic drugs: how to treat in clinical practice: [review]

Os fármacos hipolipemiantes, apesar de diminuírem a morbimortalidade por doença coronariana, não são destituídos de efeitos indesejáveis. Estes freqüentemente são transitórios, mas podem ocorrer alterações clínicas e laboratoriais que exigem especial atenção e diferentes condutas. Neste artigo, os autores relatam fundamentalmente como proceder diante do comprometimento muscular e hepático, considerados efeitos adversos mais relevantes dos hipolipemiantes. De modo sucinto, apontam os demais efeitos e a respectiva conduta.

Hypolipemic drugs improve coronary morbidity and mortality and appear to be safe; nevertheless appropriate monitoring is recommended. Adverse effects are reported that are frequently transitory. Severe adverse effects are infrequent, but clinicians must correctly screen them; symptoms and laboratory changes must be carefully interpreted. Often they call for special treatment and replacement of the hypolipemic drugs in use. This article emphasizes how to treat dyslipidemia if skeletal muscle and liver involvement are present. Briefly other adverse effects are also reported.

Biochemical effect of carboxylate compounds on certain honey bee enzymes: an in vitro study

An in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the biochemical effect of some new carboxylate compounds on certain honey bees [Apis mellifera] enzymes isolated from uninfested and infested by Varroa jacobsoni. The results revealed that ethyl-2-bromomethyl-6,6-dimethyl-3- oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate [VI] and 1,4-dioxo-7,7-dimethyl- 4,3,6,7-tetrahydro-2-indanacetic acid [VII] were moderate inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase [AChE] at 10 muM. Ethyl 7,9,9-trimethyl- 1,4-dithiospiro [4,5] dec-6-ene-8-carboxylate III and compound VII stimulated glutathione-S-transferase [GST]. Compound III stimulated carboxylesterase [Carb-ase] and Mg +2 -ATPase at the same concentration. Moreover, the infested A. mellifera were found to possess more enzymatic activities than the uninfested ones. SDS-PAGE analysis of esterase proteins revealed that the b and s differed in both intensity and molecular weight of uninfested and infested A. mellifera

Effect of toxaphene toxicity on enzyme activity & residue levels in vital organs of guineapig.

Guineapigs exposed to acute and subacute levels of toxaphene revealed a marginal reduction in the body weight. There was a significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and ATPases in the brain, liver and kidney. The effect of subacute toxicity of toxaphene resulted in an enhancement of cytochrome P450 and induction of aniline hydroxylase in liver and kidney. Biochemical investigations on the backbone revealed that toxaphene toxicity caused an increase in the calcium content and a decrease in the collagen content significantly. Toxaphene was accumulated more in the liver than in the kidney as reflected by residue studies.

Alteraciones enzimáticas séricas en la hipervitaminosis K3 aguda / Serum enzymatic alteratins in the acute K3 hypervitanosis

Se realizó una serie de experimentos en ratas machos Wistar para estudiar el efecto de la vitamina K3 (Bisulfito de menadiona, sal sódica) sobre enzimas séricas. Se determinó la actividad de las enzimas deshidrogenasa láctica (LDH), fosfohexosaisomerasa (PHI), gamglutamil-transpeptidasa (GGT), maltasa ácida, arginasa y colinesterasa (CHE) en el suero de ratas tratadas con dosis crecientes de vitamina K3. Los resultados se compararon con los obtenidos en los respectivos testigos tratados con dosis equivalentes de bisulfito de sodio. La vitamina K3 especialmente con las dosis mayores, incrementó (p < 0,05) la actividad de la LDH, maltasa ácida y arginasa, con una disminución igualmente significativa de la CHE sérica. Estos resultados, sugieren que la hipervitaminosis K3 produce lesiones tisulares generalizadas en especial a nivel hepático. En las ratas tratadas con las dosis más elevadas de bisulfito se observó un incremento significativo, aunque no tan acentuado como el de la vitamina K, en la LDH y en PHI que pudiera deberse a diversos efectos metabólicos

Interaction of H2-receptor antagonists, cimetidine and ranitidine with microsomal drug metabolizing and other systems in liver.

Cimetidine has been demonstrated to impair microsomal oxidative drug metabolizing and other enzyme systems in mouse liver. The inhibition is rapid, occurring after a single administration and also found to be dose-dependent. It is more significant after daily administration for 15 days. Enzyme inhibition by ranitidine, another H2-receptor antagonist was comparatively less at all the concentrations of the drug tested. An increased activity of alkaline phosphatase, glutamate-pyruvate and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase was observed in liver with cimetidine administration, whereas that of lactate and succinate dehydrogenase was inhibited only after administration of 2000 mg cimetidine per kg body weight. Except alkaline phosphatase other enzymes were unaffected after ranitidine administration. Analysis of lipid classes in liver showed that phospholipid, triglycerides and free fatty acid contents were significantly decreased in drug administration while cholesterol level showed very little or no change. Microsomal and soluble protein contents were significantly increased which probably indicate that the inhibition in the enzyme activity by histamine H2-receptor antagonists may be a lipid mediated process and not resulted from the reduced availability of the enzyme protein.