Comparative study of transepidermal water loss in patients with and without hyperhidrosis by closed-chamber measurer in an air-conditioned environment / Estudo comparativo da perda transepidérmica de água em pacientes com e sem hiperidrose por mensurador de câmara fechada em ambiente climatizado

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the difference in transepidermal water loss in patients diagnosed with hyperhidrosis and healthy subjects, in an air-conditioned environment. Methods Twenty patients diagnosed with hyperhidrosis and 20 healthy subjects were subjected to quantitative assessment using a closed-chamber device, in six previously established sites. Results The measurements showed different transepidermal water loss values for healthy subjects and patients with hyperhidrosis, especially in the hands and feet. In the Control Group, the median for the hands was 46.4g/m2/hour (p25: 36.0; p75: 57.6), while in the Hyperhidrosis Group, the median was 123.5g/m2/hour (p25: 54.3; p75: 161.2) - p<0.001. For the feet, the Control Group had a median of 41.5g/m2/hour (p25: 31.3; p75: 63.5) and the Hyperhidrosis Group, 61.2g/m2/hour (p25: 32.3; p75: 117) - p<0.02. Measurements of the axillas also showed differences. In the Control Group, the median was 14.8g/m2/hour (p25: 11.8; p75: 19.0) and, in the Hyperhidrosis Group, 83.5g/m2/hour (p25: 29.5; p75: 161.7) - p<0.001. Conclusion Measuring transepidermal water loss is sufficient for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with hyperhidrosis.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a diferença entre a perda transepidérmica de água aferida entre pacientes com e sem diagnóstico de hiperidrose, em ambiente climatizado. Métodos Foram selecionados 20 pacientes com diagnóstico de hiperidrose e 20 hígidos, submetidos à aferição de maneira quantitativa, com mensurador de câmara fechada, em seis locais previamente estabelecidos. Resultados As medidas realizadas mostraram valores diferentes de perda transepidérmica de água em pessoas hígidas e naquelas com hiperidrose, principalmente em mãos e pés. No Grupo Controle, a mediana das aferições em mãos foi 46,4g/m2/hora (p25: 36,0; p75: 57,6), enquanto, no Grupo Hiperidrose, obtivemos a mediana de 123,5g/m2/hora (p25: 54,3; p75: 161,2) - p<0,001. Já nos pés, a mediana no Grupo Controle foi 41,5g/m2/hora (p25: 31,3; p75: 63,5) e, no Grupo Hiperidrose, foi 61,2g/m2/hora (p25: 32,3; p75: 117) - p<0,02. As medidas das regiões axilares também mostraram diferença. No Grupo Controle, obtivemos mediana 14,8g/m2/hora (p25: 11,8; p75: 19,0) e, no Hiperidrose, 83,5g/m2/hora (p25: 29,5; p75: 161,7) - p<0,001. Conclusão A mensuração da perda transepidérmica de água é suficiente para diagnóstico e acompanhamento de pacientes com hiperidrose.

Sustituto dérmico: Experiencia en el postgrado de cirugía plástica reconstructiva del Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de los Ándes / Dermal substitute: Postgraduate experience in reconstructive plastic surgery at the Instituto Autonomo Hospital Universitario de los Andes

La piel tiene una función primordial en el control de la integridad del medio interno. En consecuencia, su pérdida en proporciones importantes como aquellas que ocurren en las perdidas traumáticas, cirugías reconstructivas, cirugías oncológicas y grandes quemados, es factor predisponente a complicaciones. En las últimas décadas se han desarrollado diversos métodos que permiten remplazar los principales componentes de la piel. Es así como el tejido dérmico ha sido homologado mediante sustitutos a base de biopolímeros de origen animal. Los equivalentes dérmicos le confieren resistencia mecánica a los injertos y gradualmente facilitan su colonización y reemplazo por fibroblastos y células endoteliales del paciente. La matriz dérmica es un biomaterial que ha sido utilizado por la cirugía plástica, con el propósito de reconstruir en superficie o volumen un tejido que ha sido afectado y que presenta alteraciones en su morfología. Se presenta una revisión y análisis de un ensayo clínico multicéntrico de los pacientes donde se efectuaron 336 biopsias en serie de 131 pacientes participantes, en un lapso de 7 días a 2 años post-aplicación del producto. Se obtiene como resultado que la matriz de regeneración dérmica fue bien tolerada, no hubo notificaciones de respuestas inmunológicas o histológicas con importancia clínica a la implantación del producto. En las evaluaciones clínicas no hubo notificaciones de rechazo a la matriz. Además se recopilaron datos sobre la colonización o infección de las heridas. Las consecuencias de una infección en los lugares tratados con la matriz incluyen pérdida parcial o total de absorción del producto(AU)

The skin has a major role in controlling the integrity of the internal environment. Consequently, their loss in major proportions as those occurring in traumatic losses, reconstructive surgery, cancer surgery and severe burns, is a predisposing factor for complications. In the last decades various methods have been developed that allow replacing the main components in the skin. Thus the dermal tissue has been approved by biopolymers based substitutes animal. Dermal equivalents confer mechanical strength to the grafts and gradually facilitate colonization and replacement by fibroblasts and endothelial cells of the patient. Dermal matrix is a biomaterial that has been used for plastic surgery, for the purpose of reconstructing or surface tissue that volume has been affected and having alterations in morphology. A review and analysis of a multicenter clinical trial of 336 patients where biopsies were performed in series of 131 patients participating in a span of 7 days to 2 years post- spraying. As result the dermal regeneration matrix was well tolerated, no notifications immune responses or clinically significant histological to implantation of the device. In no clinical assessments of rejection notices to the matrix. Also collected data on the colonization or infection of wounds. The consequences of infection sites treated with the matrix include partial or total loss of absorption(AU)

DNA release and uptake associated with the development of pleomorphic cells in mammalian skin autotransplants / Liberación y absorción de ADN asociada con el desarrollo de células pleomórficas en autotrasplantes de piel en mamíferos

OBJECTIVE: Although several in vitro studies have demonstrated active release of DNA by living cells, there is still doubt. There are no such in vivo studies (1). The following experiment is an in vivo study to determine whether DNA release and uptake by cells and tissues occur and can be related to normal growth and differentiation, abnormal growth and cancer. METHODS: Epidermal and full-thickness ear-skin grafts were separately autotransplanted into two groups of mice. In a second group, host mice were labelled with tritiated thymidine and autografted separately, with unlabelled epidermal and full-thickness ear-skin grafts. Animals were sacrificed regularly in both cases. RESULTS: Full thickness grafts revealed cysts in 15 out of 16 grafts, with well-differentiated squamous epidermis, DNA labelling ofdermal fibroblasts and no DNA labelling ofepidermal cells. Epidermal grafts revealed cysts in six out of 20 grafts, with epidermal cells variable in shape and arrangement; some appeared normal but others were two to four times larger, forming solid nests ofcells. In some grafts, there were spindle-shaped pleomorphic cells loosely interconnected. DNA labelling was ob served in occasional epidermal cell. Two lung adenocarcinomas were found. CONCLUSION: These results suggest active release of DNA by host cells and DNA uptake by grafted cells. This phenomenon and the differential uptake of DNA labelling ofepidermal and dermal cells in the epidermal and full-thickness grafts suggest an association with abnormal, even pleomorphic epidermal cell behaviour due to the interference of dermal/epidermal interacting factors.

OBJETIVO: Aunque varios estudios in vitro han demostrado la liberación activa de DNA por las células vivas, todavía persisten las dudas. No existen tales estudios in vitro (1). El siguiente experimento constituye un estudio in vitro para determinar si hay liberación y absorción de ADN por parte de las células y los tejidos, y si estos procesos guardan relación con el crecimiento normal y la diferenciación, así como con el crecimiento anormal y el cáncer. MÉTODOS: Injertos de piel de la oreja, tanto de espesor total como epidérmicos fueron auto trasplantados por separado a dos grupos de ratones. En el segundo grupo, ratones huéspedes fueron etiquetados con timidina tritiada, y autoinjertados, por separado, con injertos de piel de la oreja no etiquetados, tanto de espesor total como epidérmicos. En ambos casos, fue necesario sacrificar animales de manera regular. RESULTADOS: Los injertos de espesor total revelaron quistes en 15 de cada 16 injertos, con epidermis escamosa bien diferenciada, etiquetado ADN de fibroblastos dérmicos, y no etiquetado ADN de células epidérmicas. Los injertos epidérmicos revelaron quistes en seis de 20 injertos, siendo las células epidérmicas variables en forma y ordenamiento. Algunas parecían normales, pero otras eran de dos a cuatro veces mayores, y formaban anidamientos celulares sólidos. En algunos de los injertos, se presentaron células pleomórficas en forma de huso, interconectadas con laxitud. Se observó etiquetado de DNA en células epidérmicas ocasionalmente. Se hallaron dos adenocarcinomas pulmonares. CONCLUSIÓN: Estos resultados sugieren la liberación activa de ADN por las células huéspedes y la absorción de ADN por las células injertadas. Este fenómeno y la absorción diferencial de etiquetado de ADN de células dérmicas y epidérmicas en los injertos epidérmicos y de espesor total, sugieren una asociación con el comportamiento celular anormal, e incluso pleomórfico epidérmico, debido a la interferencia de los factores dérmicos/epidérmicos interactuantes.

Histological study of the dynamics in epidermis regeneration of the carp tail fin (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus, 1758) / Estudo histológico da dinâmica da regeneração da epiderme da nadadeira caudal da carpa (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758)

Teleostean fins when partially amputated suffer a regenerative process called epimorphic regeneration, characterized by the following stages: healing, based on the formation of a multistratified epidermal layer, the formation of a mass of pluripotent cells known as blastema, the differentiation of these cells, the synthesis and disposition of the extracellular matrix, morphological growth and restoration. The epidermis has a fundamental role in the regenerative process of fish fins, as the healing time of this structure leads it to a faster regenerative process and it also works as a defense against the external environment. In this sense, due to the fast regeneration shown by the epidermis, the aim of this paper is to study the histology of the regenerative dynamics of the carp fin tail (Cyprinus carpio), under the light and transmission electron microscope. Epidermic regeneration begins right in the first hours after the fin amputation and it continues throughout the regenerative process. After 24 hours, an apical epidermal cap is established. Cytoplasmatic prolongations and intercellular junctions are observed and the cells of the basal layer of the epidermis change from the cubic form to the cylindrical, due to the development of the cytoplasmatic organelles responsible for the synthesis of the basal membrane, lost after amputation. These results show the importance of histological studies in regenerative processes. We believe that the association of molecular biology with histological studies can throw further light onto these regenerative dynamics.

As nadadeiras dos teleósteos, quando parcialmente amputadas, sofrem um processo de regeneração chamado de regeneração epimórfica, caracterizado pelas seguintes fases: cicatrização, a partir da formação de uma capa epidermal multiestratificada, formação de uma massa de células mesenquimais multipotentes chamada blastema, diferenciação dessas células, síntese e deposição de matriz extracelular, crescimento e restauração morfológica. A epiderme tem papel fundamental no processo regenerativo das nadadeiras dos peixes, uma vez que a velocidade de cicatrização dessa estrutura leva a um processo regenerativo mais rápido e, também, age como uma defesa contra o ambiente externo. Assim, devido à rápida regeneração que a epiderme apresenta, tivemos como objetivo, neste trabalho, estudar a histologia da dinâmica regenerativa da epiderme das nadadeiras caudais da carpa (Cyprinus carpio) ao microscópio de luz e eletrônico de transmissão. A regeneração da epiderme tem início já nas primeiras horas após a amputação das nadadeiras e continua durante todo o processo regenerativo. Após 24 horas, uma capa epidermal apical é estabelecida. Prolongamentos citoplasmáticos e junções intercelulares são observados e as células da camada basal da epiderme passam da forma cúbica para a cilíndrica, devido ao desenvolvimento das organelas citoplasmáticas responsáveis pela síntese da membrana basal perdida após a amputação da nadadeira. Estes resultados mostram a importância de estudos histológicos em processos regenerativos. Acreditamos que a associação da biologia molecular a estes estudos histológicos poderá elucidar ainda melhor esta dinâmica regenerativa.

effect of exposure to cold on epidermal permeability barrier in albino rat [light and electron microscope study]

This study was carried out on 15 adult albino rats to determine the effect of cold exposure on epidermal permeability barrier. Rats were divided into two groups [a control group and an experimental group] and their soles were treated with topical acetone to disrupt epidermal barrier. The experimental group was subdivided into two subgroups [animals left in empty cages and animals subjected to a steady contact with ice]. The examination of both semithin and ultrathin sections showed that epidermis of soles of the control animals consisted of thick stratum corneum formed of very flat, heavily keratinized cells. After four hours, the acetone treated soles showed relatively paler stratum corneum in semithin sections and empty spaces between the horny cells in the ultrastructure examination. The animals whose soles were treated with acetone and left for four hours in contact with ice showed broken down stratum corneum in large areas in the semithin sections. Electron microscopy revealed abnormally empty or early empty vacuoles [disorganized lamellar bodies] in both stratum granulosum and stratum spinosum

Moléculas de adhesión celular y piel / Adhesion molecules and skin

Las moléculas de adhesión celular tienen un papel importante en múltiples fenómenos biológicos, tanto normales (generación de la respuesta inmune, coagulación, cicatrización, órgano-génesis) como patológicos (inflamación, trombosis, metástasis de células tumorales). En el presente trabajo se revisan los aspectos básicos de las moléculas de adhesión celular y su papel en diversas condiciones patológicas que afectan a la piel