RESUMO
To report the importance of a rare organic acid metabolic disorder, L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, and its characteristic neuroimaging cerebral white matter abnormalities in a case of epilepsy. A 19-year-old male presented with an 11-year history consisting of school failures, intellectual deterioration and generalized tonic-clonic convulsions. Neurological examination showed mental subnormality, mild dysarthria and bilateral pyramidal signs. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] of the brain showed characteristic white matter lesions, suggestive of L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. The diagnosis of this disease was confirmed by elevated urinary concentrations of L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid. The epilepsy was partially controlled with antiepileptic drugs. This report indicates the importance of routine examination of urinary organic acids in children and young adults presenting with chronic encephalopathy and epilepsy with characteristic MRI white matter lesions. L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses of epilepsy