Seguimiento clínico en pacientes con buena capacidad metabólica en la prueba de esfuerzo con SPECT miocárdico / Follow-up of patients with good exercise capacity in stress test with myocardial single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

Background: The evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD) can be performed with stress test and myocardial SPECT tomography. Aim: To assess the predictive value of myocardial SPECT using stress test for cardiovascular events in patients with good exercise capacity. Material and Methods: We included 102 males aged 56 ± 10 years and 19 females aged 52 ± 10 years, all able to achieve 10 METs and ≥ 85% of the theoretical maximum heart rate and at least 8 min in their stress test with gated 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT. Eighty two percent of patients were followed clinically for 33 ± 17 months. Results: Sixty seven percent of patients were studied for CAD screening and the rest for known disease assessment. Treadmill stress test was negative in 75.4%; 37% of patients with moderate to severe Duke Score presented ischemia. Normal myocardial perfusion SPECT was observed in 70.2%. Reversible defects appeared in 24.8% of cases, which were of moderate or severe degree (> 10% left ventricular extension) in 56.6%. Only seven cases had coronary events after the SPECT. Two major (myocardial infarction and emergency coronary revascularization) and 5 minor events (elective revascularization) ere observed in the follow-up. In a multivariate analysis, SPECT ischemia was the only statistically significant parameter that increased the probability of having a major or minor event. Conclusions: Nearly a quarter of our patients with good exercise capacity demonstrated reversible defects in their myocardial perfusion SPECT. In the intermediate-term follow-up, a low rate of cardiac events was observed, being the isotopic ischemia the only significant predictive parameter.

Longitudinal trends in physical activity patterns in selected urban south Indian school children.

Background & objectives: There are very few studies describing the pattern of physical activity of children in India. This study was carried out to document patterns of physical activity in south Indian school children aged 8 to 15 yr and examine changes over a one year period. Methods: Physical activity was assessed using interviewer-administered questionnaires at baseline (n=256) and at follow up (n=203) in 2006 and 2007. Frequency and duration of each activity was recorded and metabolic equivalents (MET) assigned. Sedentary activity included activities with MET < 1.5, and moderate-to- vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with >3.0. For each activity, daily duration, intensity (MET), and the product of the two (MET-minutes) were computed. Children were categorized by age group, gender and socio-economic status. Height and weight were measured. Results: At baseline, sedentary activity was higher in children aged >11 yr, while intensity of MVPA was higher in boys than girls. Over one year, physical activity at school significantly decreased (P<0.001). There was also a significant decrease in MVPA MET-min (P<0.001) with interaction effects of age group (P<0.001) and gender (P<0.001). Interpretation & conclusions: There was a significant decline in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity over a single year follow up, largely due to a decrease in physical activity at school. There appears to be a gap between State educational policies that promote physical well-being of school-going children and actual practice.

Correlação da função diastólica com a capacidade máxima de exercício ao teste ergométrico / Correlation between diastolic function and maximal exercise capacity on exercise test / Correlación de la función diastólica con la capacidad máxima de ejercicio al test ergométrico

FUNDAMENTO: O aumento da pressão de capilar pulmonar (PCP) é um dos mecanismos de intolerância ao exercício. A avaliação da função diastólica pelo ecocardiograma (ECO) é capaz de estimar a PCP. OBJETIVO: Identificar variáveis determinantes da capacidade de exercício em paciente submetidos a teste ergométrico (TE) de rotina, ECO convencional e doppler tecidual (DT). MÉTODOS: Foram estudados, retrospectivamente, 640 pacientes submetidos a TE e ao ECO e DT. Pacientes com fração de ejeção < 55 por cento foram excluídos. As velocidades de Doppler mitral convencional foram obtidas em diástole precoce (E) e diástole tardia (A), e o DT do anel mitral mediu as velocidades de diástole precoce (e’) e diástole tardia (a’). E/e’ > 10 foi considerada uma estimativa de aumento da PCP. A capacidade máxima de esforço foi avaliada pelo número de equivalentes metabólicos (MET). Para análise, os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: MET < 7 (n = 48) e MET > 7 (n = 572). O escore de Morise demonstrou uma população de baixo risco (60 por cento) para doença coronária (DAC). RESULTADOS: O número de pacientes com E/e’ > 10 foi significativamente maior no grupo MET < 7 em relação a MET > 7(41,7 por cento vs 9,4 por cento, p = 0,001), bem como a presença de algum grau de disfunção diastólica (76,6 por cento vs 34,1 por cento p = 0,001). Pela análise de regressão logística, as variáveis independentes de baixa capacidade de exercício (MET < 7) foram a idade, o sexo feminino e a velocidade de A (diástole tardia). CONCLUSÃO: A disfunção diastólica determinada pelo ECO, sexo feminino e idade estão associados com a menor capacidade de exercício em uma população de baixo risco de DAC.

BACKGROUND: Increased pulmonary capillary pressure (PCP) is one of the mechanisms of exercise intolerance. Assessment of the diastolic function by echocardiography (ECHO) enables estimation of PCP. OBJECTIVE: To identify variables that determine the exercise capacity in patients undergoing routine exercise test (ET), conventional ECHO, and tissue Doppler imaging (TD). METHODS: A total of 640 patients undergoing ET, ECHO, and TD were retrospectively studied. Patients with ejection fraction < 55 percent were excluded. Mitral annulus velocities by conventional Doppler imaging were obtained in early diastole (E) and late diastole (A), and TD of the mitral annulus measured early diastole (e’) and late diastole (a’) velocities. E/e’ > 10 was considered an estimate of increased PCP. Maximal exercise capacity was analyzed by the number of metabolic equivalents (MET). The patients were divided into two groups for analysis: MET<7 (n=48) and MET>7 (n=572). Morise score showed a population at low risk (60 percent) for coronary artery disease (CAD). RESULTS: The number of patients with E/e’ > 10 was significantly higher in the MET < 7 group in relation to the MET > 7 group (41.7 percent vs 9.4 percent, p=0.001), and so was the presence of any degree of diastolic dysfunction (76.6 percent vs 34.1 percent p=0.001). Using logistic regression analysis, age, female gender and A velocity (late diastole) were the independent variables related to a low exercise capacity (MET < 7). CONCLUSION: Diastolic dysfunction as determined by ECHO, female gender, and age are associated with a lower exercise capacity in a population at low risk for CAD.

FUNDAMENTO: El aumento de la presión de capilar pulmonar (PCP) es uno de los mecanismos de intolerancia al ejercicio. La evaluación de la función diastólica por el ecocardiograma (ECO) es capaz de estimar la PCP. OBJETIVO: Identificar variables determinantes de la capacidad de ejercicio en paciente sometido a test ergométrico (TE) de rutina, ECO convencional y doppler tisular (DT). MÉTODOS: Fueron estudiados, retrospectivamente, 640 pacientes sometidos a TE y al ECO y DT. Pacientes con fracción de eyección < 55 por ciento fueron excluidos. Las velocidades de Doppler mitral convencional fueron obtenidas en diástole precoz (E) y diástole tardía (A), y el DT del anillo mitral midió las velocidades de diástole precoz (e') y diástole tardía (a'). E/e' > 10 fue considerada una estimativa de aumento de la PCP. La capacidad máxima de esfuerzo fue evaluada por el número de equivalentes metabólicos (MET). Para análisis, los pacientes fueron divididos en dos grupos: MET < 7 (n = 48) y MET > 7 (n = 572). El escore de Morise demostró una población de bajo riesgo (60 por ciento) para enfermedad coronaria (EAC). RESULTADOS: EL número de pacientes con E/e' > 10 fue significativamente mayor en el grupo MET < 7 en relación a MET > 7(41,7 por ciento vs 9,4 por ciento, p = 0,001), así como la presencia de algún grado de disfunción diastólica (76,6 por ciento vs 34,1 por ciento p = 0,001). Por el análisis de regresión logística, las variables independientes de baja capacidad de ejercicio (MET < 7) fueron la edad, el sexo femenino y la velocidad de A (diástole tardía). CONCLUSIONES: La disfunción diastólica determinada por el ECO, sexo femenino y edad están asociados con la menor capacidad de ejercicio en una población de bajo riesgo de EAC.