Assessment of DNA nucleo base oxidation and antioxidant defense in postmenopausal women under hormone replacement therapy.

Background and Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate oxidative stress byinvesting oxidatively damaged DNA AS Formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg) -sensitive sites, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities reduced glutathione (GSH) level and nitrite level as satble end product of in women receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Materials and Methods: 127 healthy postmenopausal women receiving HRT and 25 healthy control postmenopausal women were included in this study. Women receiving HRT, comprised surgical menopausal women who underwent surgery for benign conditionsand received conjugated equine estrogen, 0.625 mg/day for 1year (group 1), 5 years (group 2) and more than 10 years (group 3), spontaneous postmenopausal women received conjugated equine estrogen, 0.625 (Premarin) mg/day and medroxyprogesterone acetate, 2.5 mg/day (Premelle) for 1 year (group 4), 5 years (group 5) and more than 5 years (group 6).We investigated in the present study the effects of HRT on nitrite level and GSH level, activities of SOD and GPx and oxidative damage to DNA by comet assays by measuring levels of Fpg-sensitive sites. Results: Although no significant differences were found in the SOD activities, in total group receiving HRT, increased DNA oxidation (P<0.001) together with an increased GPx activity (P<0.001) and nitrite level (P<0.001) as well as a decreased GSH level (P < 0.05) as compared with controls were observed. Conclusion: Estrogen alone or oestrogen in combination with progesterone and duration of use did not significantly alter the results. We evaluated that caused oxidative stress by investigating oxidative DNA damage as Fp-sensitive sites and GSH.NO levels in women receiving HRT.

Proliferation of the superficial epithelium of ovaries in senile female rats following oral administration of conjugated equine estrogens

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of different concentrations of estrogen on the ovarian superficial epithelium in senile female rats. Design: Fifty female rats at 15 months of age and with irregular estrous cycles were selected and randomly divided into five experimental groups containing equal numbers of animals in each: GPROP, control group receiving vehicle only; GE0.05mg, group receiving conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) at a dose of 50 µg/kg; GE0.5mg, group receiving CEE at 500 µg/kg; GE1mg, group receiving CEE at 1 mg/kg; and GE2mg, receiving CEE at 2 mg/kg. The length of treatment was 21 days. After this period, the animals were anesthetized and the ovaries were fixed in 10 percent formaldehyde and processed for routine histology. Histomorphology was analyzed by light microscopy, and histomorphometrics were evaluated using the Imagelab program. RESULTS: In the GPROP and GE0.05mg groups, the superficial epithelium of the ovary had a simple cuboidal shape, and as the estrogen dose increased, the epithelium thickened, with pseudo-stratified or stratified epithelium appearing in the GE2mg group. The animals in the group given the highest estrogen dose (GE2mg) showed the thickest ovarian epithelium and the largest perimeter and surface area of the surface ovarian epithelium (P < 0.01). However, the difference in epithelium thickness between the GE0.5mg and GE1mg groups was only slight. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that CEE at a dose of 2 mg/kg may induce marked proliferation of rat ovarian epithelium.

Avaliação da eficácia, tolerabilidade, padrão de sangramento e aceitabilidade do regime combinado contínuo de estrogênios conjugados naturais (0,625mg) e acetato de medroxiprogesterona (2,5mg) na terapia de reposição hormonal / Assessment of the efficacy, tolerability, bleeding standard, and acceptability of the continuous combined regimen of natural conjugate estrogens (0,625 mg) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (2.5 mg) in the hormonal replacement therapy

Neste estudo mulcêntrico, aberto e não-comparativo avaliou-se a eficácia, segurança e tolerabilidade de estrogênios conjugados naturais (0,625mg) e acetato de medroxiprogesterona (2,5mg) em pacientes na pós-menopausa com útero intacto. Sessenta e seis pacientes foram avaliadas durante 13 ciclos, tendo-se como parâmetros de eficácia a melhora dos sintomas do climatério, tais como fogacho, sangramento, secura vaginal, dispareunia, insônia e astenia. A terapia combinada proporcionou uma diminuição significante na intensidade de todos estes sintomas. Houve baixa incidência de eventos adversos com boa tolerabilidade da droga.