Multiparasitism in a wild cat (Leopardus colocolo) (Carnivora: Felidae) in southern Brazil / Multiparasitismo em um felino silvestre (Leopardus colocolo) (Carnivora: Felidae) no Sul do Brasil

Abstract Parasitic diseases reflect the health and balance of ecosystems, affecting not only individuals but also entire populations or communities. The aim of this study was to report on the diversity of parasitic helminths detected in the feces of a wild feline in southern Brazil. Parasites were obtained from fecal samples, and four techniques were used for parasitological examination: direct examination, centrifugal flotation with zinc sulfate (Faust technique), simple sedimentation (Hoffman technique) and Baermann-Moraes. The parasites were identified through micrometry and morphology, as follows: Ancylostoma sp., Toxocara sp., Trichuridae, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, Alaria sp., and Spirometra sp. We recorded the genus Ancylostoma parasitizing L. colocolo for the first time.

Resumo Doenças parasitárias refletem a saúde e o equilíbrio dos ecossistemas, influenciando não só um indivíduo e sim uma população ou comunidade. Este trabalho teve por objetivo relatar a diversidade de helmintos encontradas nas fezes de um felino silvestre na região Sul do Brasil. Os parasitos foram obtidos a partir de amostras fecais, sendo utilizadas quatro técnicas para os exames parasitológicos: exame direto, centrífugo-flutuação com sulfato de zinco (Técnica de Faust), sedimentação simples (Técnica de Hoffman) e Baermann-Moraes. Os parasitos foram identificados através de micrometria e morfologia, sendo esses: Ancylostoma sp., Toxocara sp., Trichuridae, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, Alaria sp. e Spirometra sp. Estudos da fauna parasitária de animais silvestres são relevantes, tanto para o equilíbrio e saúde desses animais, como para o controle e prevenção de doenças transmitidas ao homem. Ancylostoma spp. foi identificado pela primeira vez em L. colocolo.

Ternidens deminutus infection: first pathological report of a human case in Asia.

This is a report of Ternidens deminutus infection in a 33 year old Thai female who was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal pain and a right lower quadrant mass. Exploratory laparotomy revealed an omental mass with attached terminal ileum. Resection of the mass together with the terminal ileum and the right sided colon was performed. Pathologically, the omental mass was an abscess with an immature male Ternidens deminutus identified. The parasite usually is found in the intestine of primates in Africa and Asia. Human infection occurs when food contaminated with infective filariform larvae is ingested. The larvae molt in the intestinal wall and become adults. They pass eggs in feces. Eggs in contaminated soil hatch and become rhabditiform larvae and then infective filariform larvae.

Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections in the rural population of Bali, Indonesia.

The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to identify the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infection in the rural population of Bali and its relation to age, gender, and geoclimatic conditions. The subjects of study were derived from four villages of different geoclimatic conditions, namely wet lowland, dry lowland, wet highland and dry highland, by a multistage, stratified random sampling technique, based on age and gender of the target populations. The technique of Kato-Katz thick smear was used to determine presence of worm eggs in stools, and modified Harada Mori fecal culture technique was used to identify the species of hookworm larvae in stools. The data were analysed descriptively as well as statistically using chi2 test. Of 2,394 completely examined and analysed samples, the results showed as follows: The prevalences of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworms and Strongyloides stercoralis were 73.7%, 62.6%, 24.5%, 1.6%, respectively. Of 2,082 infected samples, 33.1% were single infections and 66.9% were mixed infections. Among the mixed infections, dualfection was most frequent (47.8%), followed by single infection (33.1%), triplefection (18.3%), and quadrifection (0.8%). A combination of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura was predominant in dualfection, while in triplefection a combination of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and hookworms was most frequently identified. The prevalence in males was not statistically different, except for hookworms where it was higher in males than in females. The differences of prevalence of infection according to age groups for A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworms proved to be highly significant, but not with Strongyloides stercoralis. The prevalence of hookworm infection increased steadily with age to reach its maximum (37.7%) in adulthood (> 18 years), while A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura reached the highest prevalence level in elementary school age (77.3% and 70.7% respectively). The highest prevalence of S. stercoralis infection was found also in elementary school age, but it was not statistically significant. In wet highland the prevalence of infection of A. lumbricoides was 87.6%, T. trichiura 82.4%, hookworms 44.5%, and S. stercoralis 3.3%; these were significantly higher compared to the prevalence of infection in other areas (wet lowland, dry highland, dry lowland).

Estrutura das infracomunidades de nematoides estrongilídeos (nematoda: strongylidae) do ceco de equus caballus naturalmente infectados, provenientes da regiao metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Estructure of infracommunities of strongylid nematodes (nematoda: strongylidae) of cecum of equus caballus naturally infected, from metropolitana region of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Analisou-se a estructura das infracomunidades de nematóides stronglidae en equinos, proveniente da Regiao Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, observando-se padroes na diversidade parasitária e relacoes interespecíficas. Além disto, a prevalencia a e abundancia dos nematóides strongylidae foram calculados. Trinta e tres equinos foram necropsiados. Coletou-se 8640 helmintos do conteúdo cecal, desde total 6078 espécimes pertencentes a família strongylidae. Coronocyclus coronatus (90,9 por cento; 60), cylicostephanus calicatus (87,9 por cento; 48,9) e strongylus culgaris (84,8 por cento; 24) foram as espécies mais prevalentes e abundantes, respectivamente. Cylicocyclus brevicapsulatus apresentou um dos maiores índices de dispersao e agregacao. Tres infrapopulacoes (2, 3 e 15) apresentaram a mesma riqueza parasitária (3), contudo, os valores obtidos para os índices de Shannon e Pielou foram diferentes, devido a distinta equitabilidade das amostras. De 182 pares de espécies associados, somente oito foram significativos para associacao e correlacao