Knowledge and practice of covid-19 preventive measures: comparative analysis of medical and non-medical students university of Port Harcourt

The influence of COVID-19 has impacted the education sector just like it has other sectors. This study examined the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 preventive measures among medical and non-medical students of the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers StateMethod: A comparative cross sectional study design using a self-administered structured questionnaire involving a total of 406 students; medical (200) and non-medical (200), using multi-stage sampling. Frequency, percentages, means, and standard deviation were used to describe data where necessary. Chi-square and Fisher exact was used to compare knowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 preventive measures between medical and non-medical students. Results:The mean age of medical and non-medical students was 25.04 and 22.59 respectively. A total of 70% from medical students arm received COVID-19 vaccines while 15.5% of non-medical students arm. 152(73.8%) non-medical students and 123(61.5%) medical studentshad good knowledge of COVID-19. Positive attitude toward COVID-19 preventive measures was showed by 119(59.5%) medical students and 62(30.1%) non-medical students. Concerning practice of COVID-19 preventive measures, 99(48.1%) medical students and78(39.0%) non-medical students practiced appropriately. A chi-square test for association showed that gender, academic level, religion, accommodation status, vaccination status, geopolitical zone, and faculty of students were significantly associated withknowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 preventive measures. Chi-square test also showed that knowledge of COVID-19 was significantly associated with the practice of COVID-19 preventive measures. Conclusion: Non-Medical students had better knowledge than medical student although difference was not significant. Attitude was good and practice of COVID-19 preventive measures was poor among medical students, while poor attitude and poor practice among non-medical students was observed

Prevalence and risk factors of depression among undergraduate medical students in a Nigerian university

Objectives: This study assessed the prevalence and risk factors of depression among undergraduate medical students at the University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Setting: This study was carried out at the University of Benin. Participants: Three hundred medical students were recruited for this study. Methods: The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and a structured pre-tested self-administered questionnaire were used to assess the prevalence and risk factors of depression, respectively. Results: The students' age ranged from 15 ­ 34 years, with a mean age of 21.8 ± 3.3 years. Many risk factors which could predispose students to depression were identified. Overall, 96 (32.0%) students were found to have depression. Of these, 59 (19.0%) had mild depression, 4 (1.3%) had severe depression, 53 (39.3%) were pre-clinical students, and 43 (26.1%) were clinical students. Emotional problems (OR 2.205, 95% CI 1.122 ­ 3.749, p = 0.020), financial challenges (OR 3.971, 95% CI 2.170 ­ 7.269, p < 0.001) and smoking (OR 6.877, 95% CI 1.731 ­ 27.327, p = 0.006) were the significant independent predictors of depression. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression was high among medical students. There is a need to include screening for risk factors of depression in the routine medical examinations for new students admitted into medical schools

Stroke-related knowledge and attitudes among university students in Northeast Nigeria

te public knowledge of stroke, but the impact in Nigeria is notwell known. This study assessed stroke-related knowledge andattitudes among university students in Nigeria, where health stud-ies are parts of college curricula. This was a cross-sectional studyof students at three universities in Northeast Nigeria. Using ques-tionnaire survey, we assessed biographical data and participantknowledge of the primary site, warning signs and risk factors ofstroke. Responses were graded on a knowledge score, where ≥2.5points indicated adequate knowledge. Data were analyzed with theSPSS version 21 program. We studied 824 participants, 67.1%males. Males were older than females (mean age ± SD: 27.42±5.58years versus 26.27±5.31 years; P = 0.009; 95% CI: 0.29 ­ 1.99)and 14.5% participants had stroke lectures during general studies.Major sources of stroke knowledge were personal discussions(44.6%) and internet websites (24.5%). Only 15.7% participantscorrectly identified the brain as the primary site of stroke, whileknowledge of one or more stroke warning signs and risk factorswere noted in 42.2% and 49.6%, respectively. Mean knowledgescore was 1.08 ± 0.99. Adequate knowledge of stroke was noted in13.2% participants, and was higher in females (17.7% versus10.7%; P = 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed significantassociations between adequate knowledge of stroke with femalesex (OR 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2 ­ 2.8; P = 0.008) and a history of strokein close relatives (OR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1 ­ 2.6; P = 0.025) but notwith age, academic discipline or stroke lectures. University stu-dents in Northeast Nigeria have low knowledge of stroke, which isworse in males. Although health issues are taught at universities,little is taught on stroke, suggesting a need to prioritize strokeknowledge in the universities little is taught on stroke, suggeting a need to prioritize stroke knowlegde in the university curriculum .

Transport experiences of people with disabilities during learnerships

Transport is a known national barrier for people with disabilities in South Africa. It is similarly identified as a barrier in learnerships and economic opportunity programmes. This article discusses the extent to which transport is a barrier during learnerships for students with disabilities. The Department of Transport administered an online evaluation questionnaire to a random sample of students with disabilities. Results were coded in terms of 'barriers to access' and 'barriers to participation'. The data were organised into themes. The collated evidence is discussed in this article. The findings demonstrated that transport barriers were present in different modes of transport and different parts of the travel chain. However, the findings also demonstrated the negative impact of transport on the learnership experience and economic opportunities. The findings indicated that inaccessible transport is an integral cause of learnership incompletion for students with disabilities, where the universal accessibility of both transport and the built environment are a prerequisite need. Most students with disabilities reported that transport was not a barrier to learnership participation or that problems with transport could be resolved. Nevertheless, it was one of the identified barriers that negatively affected learnership participation experiences. It was a significant barrier to learnership completion for students with the most severe experience of disability. The sample consisted of only 32 students and a high number of unspecified responses. Evidence from other studies indicates that transport for all persons with disabilities remains a barrier warranting further examination, because public transport has remained inaccessible for over 23 years. Further research is required to verify this study and to investigate learnership cost­benefit for all students

Validación de los instrumentos para medir el nivel de resiliencia, síndrome de burnout y rendimiento académico en maestrantes de salud pública en tiempos de Covid-19 / Validation of instruments to measure the level of resilience, burnout syndrome and academic performance in public health maestrantes in times of covid-19one

La nueva crisis de Salud Pública se torna visible en diciembre del 2019, en la ciudad de Wuhan capital de la provincia de Hubei ­ China, donde se presentaron varios casos de neumonía severa de causa desconocida. El 7 de enero identifican al agente causal Coronaviridae (2019-nCoV). El personal de primera línea se ve afectado en diferentes ámbitos, por lo cual, es necesaria la validación de instrumentos de medición documental que contribuyan a mejorar la salud mental de los profesionales de la salud. Objetivo: Validar los instrumentos cuantitativo y cualitativo que nos permitirán identificar el nivel de rendimiento académico en los maestrantes con síndrome de burnout y la resiliencia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de diseño no experimental u observacional, de enfoque cualitativo - cuantitativo, descriptivo, prospectivo de corte transversal. En ambos instrumentos se aplicó, como criterio de validación, el juicio de expertos. Para ello se realizó un cuestionario que fue aplicado mediante la técnica de la encuesta a 19 maestrantes. Resultados: El instrumento cualitativo arrojo un promedio de confiabilidad total de sus tres categorías de 81,91 que lo coloca en la categoría de muy confiable. Y en el instrumento cuantitativo se obtuvo un promedio de confiabilidad de 89,94 lo que señala que se encuentra ubicado dentro de la categoría de muy confiable. Conclusión: Los instrumentos son confiables y válidos para medir la variable independiente, y su correlación con la variable dependiente, evidenciando el cumplimiento de la hipótesis general de esta investigación(AU)

The new Public Health crisis becomes visible in December 2019, in the city of Wuhan capital of Hubei province - China, where several cases of severe pneumonia of unknown cause occurred. On January 7, the causative agent Coronaviridae (2019-nCoV) is identified. The frontline staff is affected in different areas; therefore, it is necessary to validate documentary measurement tools that contribute to improve the mental health of health professionals. Objective: To validate the quantitative and qualitative instruments that will allow us to identify the level of academic performance in master's degree students with burnout syndrome and resilience. Methodology: Non-experimental or observational design study, with a qualitative-quantitative, descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional approach. In both instruments, expert judgment was applied as a validation criterion. For this purpose, a questionnaire was prepared and applied by means of the survey technique to 19 master's degree students. The Results: The qualitative instrument yielded an average total reliability of 81.91 in its three categories, which places it in the very reliable category. The quantitative instrument obtained an average reliability of 89.94, which places it in the very reliable category. Conclusion: The instruments are reliable and valid to measure the independent variable, and its correlation with the dependent variable, evidencing the fulfillment of the general hypothesis of this research(AU)

Revisión sistemática del aprendizaje autorregulado en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud / Systematic review of self-regulated learning in health sciences students

Introducción: Los desafíos actuales plantean desarrollar el aprendizaje autorregulado en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud para prepararlos para un mundo cambiante y globalizado, al considerar que tienen a su cargo la vida de las personas. Objetivo: Caracterizar las investigaciones empíricas cuantitativas sobre aprendizaje autorregulado en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en las bases de datos Web of Science (WOS), Scopus y SciELO desde 2014 hasta 2019. De los 149 artículos encontrados, se seleccionaron 29. Resultados: Europa y Asia fueron los continentes con más frecuencia de publicaciones. Destacaron el diseño de tipo no experimental, la utilización del cuestionario de motivación y las estrategias de aprendizaje, y los tamaños muestrales de 51 a 100 y de 501 a 1000. Medicina y enfermería se mostraron como las carreras que más estudiaban el aprendizaje autorregulado. Las variables de mayor frecuencia resultaron las sociodemográficas y las relacionadas con el estudiante. El aprendizaje basado en problemas en formato intracurricular constituyó la metodología más usada para desarrollarlo. Las principales limitaciones reportadas tuvieron relación con el instrumento y la muestra. Conclusiones: Es necesario desarrollar investigaciones en Sudamérica y establecer alianzas con otros países de la región, además de superar las limitaciones metodológicas. Se sugiere desarrollar diseños cuasi experimentales e investigar variables de tipo afectivas, sociales y culturales que podrían incidir en el aprendizaje autorregulado. Las metodologías activas deberían incluirse de manera permanente en los planes de estudio ya que existe evidencia de su efectividad. Se invita a todas las carreras de las ciencias de la salud a avanzar en esta área(AU)

Introduction: The current challenges pose developing self-regulated learning in health sciences students to prepare them for a changing and globalized world, considering that they are in charge of people's lives. Objective: To characterize the quantitative empirical research on self-regulated learning in health science students. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out in the Web of Science (WOS), Scopus and SciELO databases from 2014 to 2019. We selected 29 out of 149 articles found. Results: Europe and Asia were the continents with the highest frequency of publications. The most significant findings were the non-experimental design, the use of motivational questionnaire, the learning strategies, and sample sizes of 51 to 100 and 501 to 1000. The medicine and nursing trainings were found to study self-regulated learning the most. The variables with the highest frequency were sociodemographic and those student-related. Problem-based learning in an intracurricular format was the most widely used methodology to develop it. The main limitations reported were related to the instrument and the sample. Conclusions: It is necessary to research in South America and to establish alliances with other countries in the region, in addition to overcoming methodological limitations. It is suggested to carry out quasi-experimental designs and investigate affective, social and cultural variables that could influence self-regulated learning. Active methodologies should be permanently included in the study plans as there is evidence of their effectiveness. All health sciences studies are invited to advance in this area(AU)

PrevenSoft, una herramienta para la preparación de estudiantes de las ciencias médicas ante desastres naturales / PrevenSoft, a tool for preparing medical science students for natural disasters

Introducción: Cuba es un país tropical, asediado por disimiles fenómenos naturales, que cada vez son más frecuentes y agresivos; la confección de una multimedia como material de apoyo en la disciplina Preparación para la Defensa, tiene gran impacto desde el punto de vista económico y social. Objetivo: confeccionar una multimedia educativa sobre desastres naturales, que apoye la docencia de la asignatura para la adecuada preparación de estudiantes de las ciencias médicas. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo tecnológico, en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, en el período de enero a mayo de 2018. El universo estuvo constituido por 110 estudiantes pertenecientes al quinto año de la carrera de Medicina. Se realizó una validación del producto mediante el método Delphi. Resultados: se confeccionó una multimedia educativa para la preparación de estudiantes de las ciencias médicas ante situaciones de desastres, se obtuvieron valoraciones de muy adecuado en la totalidad de los indicadores, se evidenció un aumento del nivel de conocimientos de los estudiantes, se constató un 49,1 por ciento de aprobados antes de aplicar la multimedia y un 93,6 percent después de aplicarla. Conclusiones: la multimedia permitió la incorporación de nuevos conocimientos acerca de los diferentes tipos de desastres en estudiantes de las ciencias médicas, se consideró una herramienta efectiva a generalizar en la docencia(AU)

Introduction: Cuba is a tropical country, beset by dissimilar natural phenomena that are becoming more frequent and aggressive; the preparation of a multimedia as support material in the discipline Preparation for Defense has a great impact from the economic and social point of view. Objective: to prepare an educational multimedia about natural disasters that supports the teaching of the subject for the adequate preparation of students of medical sciences. Methods: a technological development research was carried out at the University of Medical Sciences of Santiago de Cuba, in the period from January to May 2018. The universe was made up of 110 students belonging to the fifth year of the Medicine career. Product validation was performed using the Delphi method. Theoretical and empirical methods were used. Results: an educational multimedia was prepared for the preparation of students of the medical sciences in situations of disasters, very adequate assessments were obtained in all of the indicators, an increase in the level of knowledge of the students was evidenced, confirming 49,1 percent of approved before applying multimedia and 93,6 percent after applying. Conclusions: multimedia allowed the incorporation of new knowledge about the different types of disasters in students of medical sciences, being considered an effective tool to generalize in teaching(AU)

Apuntes históricos de la Federación Estudiantil Universitaria. Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, primera parte / Historical notes on the University Students Federation in the Matanzas University of Medical Sciences. Part I

RESUMEN muy poco se conoce y apenas existe documentación sobre lo que la Federación Estudiantil Universitaria ha realizado en la provincia y en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Por ser tan importante esta temática como parte del rescate de la memoria histórica de la organización estudiantil, constituye un reto investigar y escribirla. Describir algunos apuntes históricos del inicio y desarrollo de la Federación Estudiantil Universitaria en la hoy Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, durante una primera etapa. Se describen algunos de los principales hechos vinculados al trabajo de los miembros de la Federación de Estudiantes Universitarios de las carreras de ciencias médicas de Matanzas, se recopiló información sobre sus dirigentes estudiantiles, eventos académicos, científicos, culturales, juegos deportivos, entre otros, desde los años iniciales de la educación médica superior en la provincia hasta el comienzo de la década del 90. La historia de la Federación de Estudiantes Universitarios, en la hoy Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, refleja el papel desempeñado por la organización, sus miembros y dirigentes, lo que la hace rejuvenecer cada año, con las nuevas generaciones que la integran (AU).

SUMMARY Very little is known and there is hardly any documentation on what the University Students Federation (FEU by its Spanish initialism) has done in the province and at Matanzas University of Medical Sciences. Because this theme is so important as part of the rescue of the historical memory of the student's organization, it is a challenge to investigate and write it. To provide some historical notes on the beginning and development of the University Student Federation in the current University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas, during a first stage. The authors described some of the main facts related to the work of the members of the University Students Federation of the medical sciences degree courses of Matanzas; they collected information about its student leaders, academic, scientific, cultural events, sports games, among others, from the initial years of higher medical education in the province until the beginning of the 90s.The history of the University Students Federation at Matanzas University of Medical Sciences mirrors the role played by the organization, its members and leaders, rejuvenating it every year, with the new generations joining it in (AU).

Coletivo Bee, luta LGBTT e saúde integral: diversidade sexual e de gênero no ambiente universitário / Bee collective, LGBTT fight and integral health: sexual and gender diversity in the university environment / Colectivo Bee, lucha LGBTT y salud integral: diversidad sexual y de género en el medio ambiente universitario

O presente artigo trata-se de um trabalho descritivo sobre o Coletivo Bee, um movimento estudantil pertencente à Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas que surgiu com o objetivo de implantar o movimento LGBTT na Universidade para discutir o preconceito de gênero e de orientação sexual, por meio de ações de empoderamento e de emancipação das minorias LGBTTs. Ao longo de sua trajetória, o Coletivo desenvolveu atividades como reuniões para discussão das temáticas relacionadas ao movimento, organização de eventos, atividades de protestos, cyber ativismo, participação na regulamentação e implantação do uso do nome social, entre outras atividades com finalidade de trazer a reflexão sobre a cidadania e a saúde da população LGBTT. Sua importância esteve concentrada na integração de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais à sociedade e, sobretudo, na busca de assegurar o direito ao acesso integral aos serviços da rede pública de saúde e fortalecer a Política Nacional de Saúde Integral LGBTT na formação universitária.

This article is about a descriptive work about the Bee Collective, a student movement belonging to the State University of Health Sciences of Alagoas, which came up with the objective of implanting the LGBTT movement in the University to discuss gender bias and sexual orientation, through actions of empowerment and emancipation of LGBTT minorities. Throughout its history, the Collective has developed activities such as meetings to discuss issues related to the movement, organization of events, protest activities, cyber activism, participation in regulation and implementation of the social name, among other activities to bring the reflection on the citizenship and health of the LGBTT population. Its importance was focused on the integration of lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transvestites and transsexuals into society and, above all, in the quest to ensure the right to full access to public health services and to strengthen the National LGBTT Comprehensive Health Policy in university education.

Este artículo trata sobre un trabajo descriptivo sobre Bee Collective, un movimiento estudiantil perteneciente a la Universidad Estatal de Ciencias de la Salud de Alagoas, que tuvo el objetivo de implantar el movimiento LGBTT en la universidad para discutir el sesgo de género y la orientación sexual, a través de acciones de empoderamiento y emancipación de las minorías LGBTT. A lo largo de su historia, el Colectivo ha desarrollado actividades como reuniones para discutir temas relacionados con el movimiento, organización de eventos, actividades de protesta, ciberactivismo, participación en la regulación y la implementación del nombre social, entre otras actividades para llevar la reflexión sobre la ciudadanía y salud de la población LGBTT. Su importancia se centró en la integración de lesbianas, gays, bisexuales, travestis y transexuales en la sociedad y, sobre todo, en la búsqueda de garantizar el derecho al pleno acceso a los servicios de salud pública y de fortalecer la Política nacional de salud integral LGBTT en la educación universitaria.

Diseño de intervención educativa para la prevención del cáncer cérvico uterino en estudiantes universitarios / Design of educational intervention for the prevention of cervical cancer in university students

RESUMEN Introducción: entre las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles se encuentra el cáncer cérvico uterino, el cual constituye una de las principales causas de muerte en la actualidad. En los últimos años la morbilidad de este tipo de cáncer ha influido notablemente en los indicadores de salud y la calidad de vida de la población femenina mundial. Objetivo: diseñar una intervención educativa para la prevención del cáncer cérvico uterino, en estudiantes de primer año de la carrera de Medicina en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: investigación de Desarrollo la cual requiere un estudio observacional, descriptivo, que se inserta en el Programa Ramal Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles. El universo de estudio 740 adolescentes la muestra 246 alumnos, seleccionada mediante un muestreo sistemático. Resultados: la mayoría de los estudiantes reflejan como estado civil solteros o bajo unión consensual, el comienzo de las relaciones sexuales tiene mayor incidencia en las edades de 14 a 15 años aunque es significativa la cifra de adolescentes que entre los 16 y 17 años que inician las relaciones sexuales. En cuanto a la presencia de los factores de riesgo del cáncer cérvico uterino como múltiples compañeros sexuales, uso de tabletas anticonceptivas, presencia del hábito de fumar así como infecciones de transmisión sexual se evidenciaron con cifras más significativas múltiples compañeros sexuales y el uso de tabletas anticonceptivas, en cuanto a la distribución de motivos que impulsaron al inicio de las relaciones sexuales, se destacan los motivos de experimentar sensaciones nuevas, el hecho de complacer a la pareja y la presión grupal respectivamente, solo 5.28% responde a una búsqueda de placer. Conclusiones: los estudiantes presentan factores de riesgo de considerable magnitud de padecer cáncer cérvico uterino. Se diseñó la propuesta de intervención educativa.

ABSTRACT Introduction: cervical cancer is one of the non-communicable chronic diseases. It is currently one of the main causes of death. During the last years, this kind of cancer morbidity has notably struck on health and life quality indicators of female population around the world. Objective: to design an educative intervention for preventing cervical cancer in students of the first year of Medicine studies in the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas. Materials and methods: development research demanding a descriptive, observational study, inserted in the Branch Program Non-communicable Chronic Diseases. The universe of study is 740 teenagers, and the sample, systematically sampled, 246 students. Results: most of students gave the category of single or consensual union as marital status; the beginning of sexual relationships has higher incidence at the age of 14-15 years, although it is significant the quantity of adolescents beginning sexual relationships at the ages of 16 and 17 years. In order to the presence of cervical cancer risk factors like multiple sexual partners, contraceptive tablets use, smoking habit and sexually transmitted infections (STI), multiple sexual partners and the use of contraceptive tablets showed the most significant quantities; and about the distribution of the motives boosting the beginning of sexual relationships are highlighted the motives of experimenting new sensations, the fact of pleasing the sexual partner and the group pressure, respectively; just 5.28 % answered it was looking for pleasure. Conclusions: students have considerable risk factors of suffering cervical cancer. A proposal of educative intervention was designed.

Estudio de la curva de aprendizaje de la facoemulsificación durante la residencia / Study of the resident phacoemulsification learning curve

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la curva de aprendizaje de la facoemulsificación en residentes de Oftalmología. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo de corte longitudinal, de las cirugías de cataratas por facoemulsificación, efectuadas por los residentes de Oftalmología en el Servicio de Microcirugía Ocular, entre junio del año 2014 y enero de 2016, con el objetivo de evaluar la curva de aprendizaje de esta cirugía. Las variables de este estudio incluyeron número de cirugías previas realizadas, paso de la técnica quirúrgica efectuada, parámetros facodinámicos empleados (flujo, vacío, potencia y tiempo total de ultrasonido) y complicaciones transoperatorias. Se estudió una muestra de 81 cirugías que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. A las variables cualitativas se aplicó la prueba exacta de Fisher. Para definir la relación entre las variables continuas fue empleado un análisis de regresión para la curva de mejor ajuste, las ecuaciones y el coeficiente de determinación de estas. El nivel de significación estadística utilizado fue de p < 0,05. Resultados: Se alcanzó una estabilidad en la cirugía con un promedio de 19 procedimientos, con una disminución significativa de las complicaciones. Conclusiones: Los residentes con un mínimo de 30 cirugías previas son capaces de realizar la cirugía en su totalidad sin complicaciones(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate the phacoemulsification learning curve of ophthalmology residents. Methods: A prospective longitudinal descriptive study was conducted of the phacoemulsification cataract operations performed by ophthalmology residents at the Ocular Microsurgery Service from June 2014 to January 2016, with the purpose of evaluating the learning curve for this type of surgery. The variables analyzed were number of previous operations done, step of the surgical technique performed, phacodynamic parameters used (flow, vacuum, power and total time of ultrasound) and intraoperative complications. The study sample was 81 operations meeting the inclusion criteria. Qualitative variables were analyzed with Fisher's exact test. The relationship between continuous variables was determined by regression analysis for the best-fitting curve, their equations and their coefficient of determination. The statistical significance level used was p< 0.05. Results: Surgical stability was achieved in an average 19 procedures, with a significant decrease in complications. Conclusions: Residents with a minimum 30 previous operations are capable of performing the surgery in its entirety without complications(AU)

Factores estresores y síntomas somáticos del sistema musculoesquelético en estudiantes universitarios de Palmira / Stress-producing factors and somatic symptoms of the musculoskeletal systems of University Students of Palmira

Introducción: En el mundo uno de cada cuatro individuos sufre de algún problema grave de estrés y en las ciudades se estima que el 50 por ciento de las personas tienen algún problema de salud mental de este tipo. En este sentido, como factor epidemiológico se considera un aspecto de gravedad, ya que el estrés es un importante generador de diversas patologías. Objetivo: Identificar los factores estresores y síntomas somáticos del sistema musculoesquelético en estudiantes de básicas pertenecientes a diversos programas de una facultad de salud en una universidad de la ciudad de Palmira. Métodos: Se analizaron datos procedentes de tres fuentes: un cuestionario para identificar características sociodemográficas y académicas, la Escala de Síntomas Somáticos (síntomas musculoesqueléticos) y la Escala de Estresores Académicos, estos se aplicaron a muestra conformada por 185 participantes realizando análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: Las deficiencias metodológicas del profesorado, la intervención en público y los exámenes, fueron los factores estresores frecuentemente percibidos por los estudiantes; mientras que: los dolores de espalda, zona cervical y cabeza con sensación de tirantez, fueron los síntomas somáticos musculoesqueléticos de mayor periodicidad. Estos resultados sugieren una relación entre los factores estresores y la presencia de somatización como respuesta del cuerpo a situaciones consideradas estresores en el ámbito académico. Conclusiones: De acuerdo a los síntomas somáticos músculos esqueléticos se evidencia una variabilidad en la incidencia en la población a estudio, siendo los más recurrentes los dolores de cabeza con sensación tirantez o tensión, dolores de espalda y dolores en la nuca o zona cervical. Ahora bien, en cuanto a los factores estresores que les genera más percepción de angustia a los estudiantes son las deficiencias metodológicas del profesorado, la intervención en público y los exámenes. Sin embargo, hay otros factores con mediana percepción de angustia como la sobrecarga en el estudiante y la falta de control en rendimiento(AU)

Introduction: One out of every four individuals in the world suffers from a serious stress condition. 50 percent of people living in the cities are estimated to have some kind of mental health problem of this type. In this respect, as an epidemiological factor, stress is considered a serious element, since it is an important generator of various pathologies. Objective: To identify the stress-producing factors and somatic symptoms of the musculoskeletal system in basic students belonging to various programs of a health school at a university in the city of Palmira. Methods: We analyzed data from three sources: a questionnaire to identify sociodemographic and academic characteristics, the Somatic Symptoms Scale (musculoskeletal symptoms) and the Academic Stress Scale. These were applied to a sample consisting of 185 participants, performing descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results: The faculty methodological deficiencies, together with public intervention and the exams were the stressors frequently perceived by the students, while back pain, cervical area and head with feeling of tightness were the most frequent somatic musculoskeletal symptoms. These results suggest a relationship between stressors and the presence of somatization as a response of the body to situations considered stressful in the academic field. Conclusions: Regarding somatic and musculoskeletal symptoms, there is a variability in the incidence in the study population, the most recurrent being headaches with tightness or tension, back pain and pain in the cervical area. However, the stressors that generate more perception of distress to students are the methodological deficiencies of the faculty, public intervention and exams. However, there are other factors with a medium perception of distress such as overload in the student and lack of performance control(AU)

La motivación en el contexto del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje en carreras de las Ciencias Médicas / Motivation in the context of the teaching-learning process in specialties of the Medical Sciences

La motivación es un elemento importante a considerar en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se entiende como la intención de producir en el estudiante la ejecución consciente y deseada de una actividad. Con este artículo se pretendió valorar la motivación en el contexto del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje en carreras de las Ciencias Médicas. Se identificaron los elementos esenciales de la motivación y se reflexionó sobre los factores que inciden en el alumno, así como aquellos elementos que deben tenerse en cuenta a la hora de afrontar la actividad docente. La interacción entre los contextos creados por el profesorado y las características con las que el alumno aborda el trabajo escolar, así como las implicaciones de la interacción entre las actuaciones del profesor, la respuesta del alumnado y los efectos, paso a paso, de las formas en que estos acometen sus tareas, son cuestiones a tener en cuenta al tratar la motivación. Se abordó la preocupación de los directivos y docentes en el diseño curricular que ofrece alternativas de acción a los profesores, donde se incluye la motivación hacia la profesión elegida como encargo social, aseverándose que los futuros profesionales de la salud, deben estar bien motivados al elegir esta carrera que demanda de perenne amor, consagración y entrega intensa al trabajo. Por ello el docente deberá dirigir la práctica hacia la consecución de la motivación para el aprendizaje, como vía para la formación de un futuro profesional de la salud, competente, capaz de afrontar disímiles dificultades más allá de nuestras fronteras, y contribuir a elevar la calidad de vida de los pacientes (AU).

Motivation is an important element to take into consideration in the teaching-learning process. It is understood as the intention of producing in the student the conscious and desired performance of an activity. With this article we pretended to assess motivation in the context of the teaching-learning process in specialties of the Medical Sciences. The main elements of the motivation are identified and we took a hard look on the factors striking on the student and also on those elements that have to be taken into account at the time of dealing with the teaching activity. The interaction between the contexts created by the teaching staff and the characteristics of the student's approach to school work, and also the implication between the teacher's performance, the students' answer and the effects, step by step, of the forms in which the latter undertake their tasks, are questions to take into account when dealing with motivation. We approached the concern of managers and teachers in the curricular design offering alternatives of action to teachers, including the motivation to the chosen profession as social task; we affirm that the future health professional should be deeply motivated when choosing this profession demanding perpetual love, dedication and devotion to work. Therefore, the teacher should direct the practice to the attainment of the motivation to learning, as a way of training a future health professional competent, able of affronting dissimilar difficulties beyond our borders, and of contributing to increase the patients' life quality (AU).

La labor del tutor de las Ciencias Médicas desde la dimensión curricular / The work of Medical Sciences tutors from the curricular dimension

El tutor constituye el eje fundamental de la formación de los estudiantes de las Ciencias Médicas este no es cualquier trabajador o especialista; debe ser un experto en su área de competencia laboral, además de un educador y un gran comunicador capaz de motivar y de ejercer una influencia positiva sobre los educandos. En las esferas cognitivas como afectivas con su dedicación y formación dependen en gran parte de la adquisición de los conocimientos, habilidades y responsabilidades necesarios para ejercer eficazmente el rol que les corresponde y el grado de satisfacción de los estudiantes dentro del proceso educativo. Se plantea que la enseñanza tutelar constituye un pilar esencial en la formación del médico, del enfermero y el tecnólogo, pues le permite al educando lograr un mayor grado de independencia, creatividad y sentido de responsabilidad (AU).

The tutor is a main factor in training Medical Sciences students; he is not any worker or specialist: he should be an expert in his area of occupational competence, besides being an educator and a great communicator able of motivating and positively influencing the students in. Their dedication and training mostly depend on the acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities to efficaciously play the role they have to play, and to reach the students´ satisfaction level in the teaching process. It is assumed that tutored teaching is an essential pillar in training physicians, nurses and technologists, because it allows the teacher to achieve a higher level of independence, creativity and sense of responsibility (AU).