Sclerotherapy of benign oral vascular lesions with non-diluted ethanolamine oleate / Escleroterapia de lesiones vasculares orales benignas con oleato de etanolamina no diluido

Benign oral vascular lesions are anomalies characterized by the blood vessels proliferation or malformation and the treatment with the sclerosing agent ethanolamine oleate acts irrigating the vessel producing a sterile inflammatory response. The objective of this study was to report and discuss the results from treatment of benign oral vascular lesions with non-diluted ethanolamine oleate through the analysis of clinical records. The sample was composed by the selection of twenty-six patients (12 male and 14 female), with oral vascular malformations. All lesions were treated with intralesional injections of undiluted ethanolamine oleate. These patients attended in Oral Medicine outpatient clinic of the Federal University of Paraná between the years of 2011 to 2015. The average age was 60.65 years, with a higher prevalence for women. The majority of the individuals had one lesion and its location was mostly in the lower lip. The main complaint was about a physical discomfort. The lesions had the average size of 6.52 mm and received a median number of 2.32 applications. Only one patient reported feeling pain in the postoperative week. In most cases the resolution of the lesion was considered partial. Follow-up was obtained up to one month after the end of treatment. The sclerotherapy with undiluted ethanolamine oleate shows acceptable results in the treatment of small benign oral vascular lesions with a few minor side effects.

Las lesiones vasculares orales benignas son anomalías caracterizadas por la proliferación o malformación de los vasos sanguíneos y el tratamiento con el agente esclerosante etanolamina oleato actúa irrigando el vaso produciendo una respuesta inflamatoria estéril. El objetivo de este estudio fue informar y discutir los resultados del tratamiento de lesiones vasculares orales benignas con oleato de etanolamina no diluido a través del análisis de historias clínicas. La muestra estuvo compuesta por la selección de veintiséis pacientes (12 hombres y 14 mujeres), con malformaciones vasculares orales. Todas las lesiones fueron tratadas con inyecciones intralesionales de oleato de etanolamina sin diluir. Estos pacientes acudieron a la clínica ambulatoria de Medicina Oral de la Universidad Federal de Paraná entre los años 2011 a 2015. La edad promedio fue de 60,65 años, con una mayor prevalencia para las mujeres. La mayoría de los individuos tenían una lesión y su ubicación era principalmente en el labio inferior. La queja principal era sobre una molestia física. Las lesiones tenían un tamaño promedio de 6,52 mm y recibieron una mediana de 2,32 aplicaciones. Solo un paciente informó haber sentido dolor en la semana postoperatoria. En la mayoría de los casos, la resolución de la lesión se consideró parcial. El seguimiento se obtuvo hasta un mes después del final del tratamiento. La escleroterapia con oleato de etanolamina sin diluir muestra resultados aceptables en el tratamiento de pequeñas lesiones vasculares orales benignas con algunos efectos secundarios menores.

Vasculite urticariforme e exantema: uma reação de hipersensibilidade tardia mista a dimenidrinato ­ relato de caso / Urticarial vasculitis and rash: a mixed delayed hypersensitivity reaction to dimenhydrinate ­ case report

Dimenidrinato é um anti-histamínico H1 do grupo das etanolaminas, com importantes propriedades anticolinérgicas, antisserotoninérgicas e sedativas. Relatamos um caso de uma mulher que após 14 dias de ter usado dimenidrinato, iniciou quadro de exantema e vasculite urticariforme, além de sintomas constitucionais. Avaliação laboratorial sem alterações. Biopsia de pele evidenciou dermatite de interface do tipo vacuolar e púrpura com leucocitoclasia e derrame pigmentar. Imunofluorescência positiva para IgG, com presença de fluorescência dos núcleos dos queratinócitos da epiderme. Tratada com corticoide oral por 2 meses até remissão completa do quadro, e posterior realização de teste intradérmico, que foi positivo na leitura de 48h. A reação de hipersensibilidade tardia observada foi relacionada a mecanismo misto de Gell e Coombs (III e IV), com positividade no teste cutâneo intradérmico de leitura tardia em 48h (reação tipo IV) e biópsia compatível com vasculite cutânea (reação tipo III); lesões exantemáticas (reação tipo IV) e urticária vasculítica (reação tipo III). O teste cutâneo com dimenidrinato positivo reforça o diagnóstico de reação de hipersensibilidade.

Dimenhydrinate is an H1 antihistamine from the ethanolamine group, with important anticholinergic, antiserotoninergic and sedative properties. We report the case of a woman who, after 14 days of using dimenhydrinate, developed rash and urticarial vasculitis, in addition to constitutional symptoms. Laboratory tests were normal. Skin biopsy revealed interface purpuric dermatitis with leukocytoclasia and pigment effusion. Immunofluorescence was positive for IgG, showing nuclear fluorescence of epidermal keratinocytes. She was treated with oral corticosteroid for 2 months until complete remission of symptoms. Subsequent intradermal test resulted positive on the 48-h reading. The delayed hypersensitivity reaction was related to a mixed Gell and Coombs mechanism (III and IV), with positive results in the intradermal cutaneous test on the 48-h reading (type IV reaction) and a biopsy compatible with cutaneous vasculitis (type III reaction), exanthematous lesions (type IV reaction,) and urticarial vasculitis (type III reaction). The positive skin test for dimenhydrinate reinforces the diagnosis of hypersensitivity reaction.

Right to try? fosfoetanolamina, di bella e stamina: uma análise Ítalo-Brasileira / Right to try? phosphoethanolamine, di bella and stamina cases: an Italo-Brazilian analysis

Este trabalho possui como objetivo a análise do fornecimento judicial de medicamentos em fase de teste laboratorial, por meio de um estudo comparado dos casos italianos di Bella e Stamina e do caso brasileiro da fosfoetanolamina da Universidade de São Paulo. Para tanto, foram considerados os percursos judiciais dos três casos, as opiniões doutrinárias e repercussões médicas anunciadas pela mídia e pelos órgãos oficiais interessados. Como resultado, observou-se, no Brasil, uma tendência jurisprudencial que desponta, ainda que não confirmada, no sentido de que a realização do direito à saúde não pode prescindir da segurança médica, afastando-se, em princípio, a obrigação do Estado de fornecer tratamentos experimentais por meio de sua rede de saúde. Na Itália, por outro lado, após a experiência judicial e médica negativa decorrente de dois casos emblemáticos, a Corte Constitucional italiana (Corte Costituzionale) parece ter mudado de orientação, no sentido da não obrigação do fornecimento de tratamento experimental por parte do Servizio Sanitario Nazionale. No âmbito das ações com pretensão de curas compassivas, as normas técnicas, representadas pelas boas práticas clínicas, surgem como zíper de união entre o direito, a ciência e a ética.

This paper reports on an analysis of court orders that determine experimental therapies and provides a comparative study of the Italian Di Bella and Stamina cases and the Brazilian Phosphoethanolamine case. The judicial sentences on the three cases were considered, along with their medical outcome and media repercussion. As a result of the comparison, it was observed that the Brazilian Constitutional Court is tending towards the non-recognition of a “right to try”, even though the Court’s official opinion remains to be seen. In Italy, on the other hand, after the negative judicial and medical experience concerning two emblematic cases, the opinion of the Italian Constitutional Court seems to have changed, indicating that the State is no longer forced to provide experimental therapies through the public health system. In the scope of these judicial lawsuits that claim compassionate cures, the technical framework, represented by the good clinical practices guidelines, comes about as the “zipper” that binds together law, science and ethics.

A Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist N-Arachidonoyl Dopamine Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Endocannabinoids can affect multiple cellular targets, such as cannabinoid (CB) receptors, transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 (TRPV1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). The stimuli to induce adipocyte differentiation in hBM-MSCs increase the gene transcription of the CB1 receptor, TRPV1 and PPARgamma. In this study, the effects of three endocannabinoids, N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine (AEA), N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), on adipogenesis in hBM-MSCs were evaluated. The adipocyte differentiation was promoted by AEA whereas inhibited by NADA. No change was observed by the treatment of non-cytotoxic concentrations of 2-AG. The difference between AEA and NADA in the regulation of adipogenesis is associated with their effects on PPARgamma transactivation. AEA can directly activate PPARgamma. The effect of AEA on PPARgamma in hBM-MSCs may prevail over that on the CB1 receptor mediated signal transduction, giving rise to the AEA-induced promotion of adipogenesis. In contrast, NADA had no effect on the PPARgamma activity in the PPARgamma transactivation assay. The inhibitory effect of NADA on adipogenesis in hBM-MSCs was reversed not by capsazepine, a TRPV1 antagonist, but by rimonabant, a CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist. Rimonabant by itself promoted adipogenesis in hBM-MSCs, which may be interpreted as the result of the inverse agonism of the CB1 receptor. This result suggests that the constantly active CB1 receptor may contribute to suppress the adipocyte differentiation of hBM-MSCs. Therefore, the selective CB1 agonists that are unable to affect cellular PPARgamma activity inhibit adipogenesis in hBM-MSCs.

Tratamento de hemangioma por escleroterapia em aplicação única / Hemangioma treatment by sclerotherapy in a single application

Hemangioma é um tumor benigno oriundo de uma proliferação de tecido vascular em desenvolvimento e requer um diagnóstico apropriado para que a obtenção de um tratamento satisfatório seja alcançada. O tratamento depende do tamanho e da localização da lesão e pode ser feito com esclerose química, crioterapia, laserterapia, ligadura e excisão, ulceração artificial, embolia arterial, eletrocautério, termocautério ou radioterapia. Apresentamos um caso de uma paciente do gênero feminino, 63 anos, compareceu ao serviço de cirurgia e traumatologia bucomaxilofaciais apresentando lesão em mucosa jugal direita notada após um trauma oclusal acidental. Ao exame, notou-se edentulismo parcial superior e inferior e um tumor arroxeado em mucosa jugal direita, medindo aproximadamente 2 x 2,5 centímetros. O caso foi tratado com aplicação única de solução esclerosante (Ethamolin®),havendo resolução do quadro em 70 dias.. O tratamento de escolha foi a escleroterapia química, por se tratar de uma opção de fácil aplicação e baixo custo... (AU)

Hemangioma is a benign tumor originating of tissue proliferation of the vascular tissue in development and requires proper diagnosis for obtaining a satisfactory treatment is achieved. The treatment depends on the size and location of the lesion and can be done by chemical sclerosis, cryotherapy, laser therapy, ligation and excision, artificial ulceration, arterial embolism, electrocautery,thermocautery or radiation. Female patient, 63 years old, attended the oral and maxillofacialservice presenting lesion on the right buccal mucosa noted after an accidental occlusal trauma. Upon examination, it was noticed upper and lower partial edentulism and a purple tumor on the right buccal mucosa, measuring approximately 2 x 2.5 cm. The patient was treated with one application of sclerosing solution (ethamolin ®), that was resoluted in 70 days. The treatment was the chemical sclerotherapy, because it is an option for easy application and has a low cost... (AU)

An overview and considerations in prescribing H1-antihistamine

H1-antihistamines have been prescribed widely for the treatment of allergic diseases, such as rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria besides common colds since the 1940s. H1-antihistamines are classified by chemical structures (akylamine, piperazine, piperidine, ethanolamine, ethylendiamine, and phenothiazine) or functionally by permeability through blood brain barrier (first or second generation). The first generation antihistamines have been prescribed up to now with several adverse effects such as central nervous system dysfunction, anticholinergic and antiserotonic action and cardiotoxicity with overdose. Hence second generation antihistamines are recommended for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Physicians should consider concomitant diseases or medications when prescribing first generation antihistamines.

Bronchoscopic Ethanolamine Injection Therapy in Patients with Persistent Air Leak from Chest Tube Drainage / 결핵및호흡기질환

BACKGROUND: Chest tube drainage (CTD) is an indication for the treatment of pneumothorax, hemothroax and is used after a thoracic surgery. But, in the case of incomplete lung expansion, and/or persistent air leak from CTD, medical or surgical thoracoscopy or, if that is unavailable, limited thoracotomy, should be considered. We evaluate the efficacy of bronchoscopic injection of ethanolamine to control the persistent air leak in patients with CTD. METHODS: Patients who had persistent or prolonged air leak from CTD were included, consecutively. We directly injected 1.0 mL solution of 5% ethanolamine oleate into a subsegmental or its distal bronchus, where it is a probable air leakage site, 1 to 21 times using an injection needle through a fiberoptic bronchoscope. RESULTS: A total of 15 patients were enrolled; 14 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax [idiopathic 9, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 3, post-tuberculosis 2] and one case of empyema associated with broncho-pleural fistula. Of these, five were patients with persistent air leak from CTD, just after a surgical therapy, wedge resection with plication for blebs or bullae. With an ethanolamine injection therapy, 12 were successful but three (idiopathic, COPD and post-tuberculosis) failed, and were followed by a surgery (2 cases) or pleurodesis (1 case). Some adverse reactions, such as fever, chest pain and increased radiographic opacities occurred transiently, but resolved without any further events. With success, the time from the procedure to discharge was about 3 days (median). CONCLUSION: Bronchoscopic ethanolamine injection therapy may be partially useful in controlling air leakage, and reducing the hospital stay in patients with persistent air leak from CTD.

Sclerotherapy of Multiple Intraoral Venous Malformations with Use of Ethanolamine Oleate: A Case Report

Injeção roncoplástica: comparação entre etanol 50% e oleato de etanolamina 5% no tratamento do ronco / Injection snoreplasty: comparison between ethanol and ethanolamine oleate in snoring treatment

INTRODUÇÃO: O ronco acomete grande parte da população e o seu tratamento é um desafio, pois existem muitas opções terapêuticas e esta escolha deve ser individualizada. Entre vários procedimentos palatais para tratamento do ronco e da apneia do sono, a injeção roncoplástica (IR) surgiu como uma alternativa econômica para alguns casos selecionados. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os resultados da IR no tratamento do ronco, comparando o oleato de etanolamina 5% e o etanol 50%. Além disso, descrever uma metodologia de aplicação própria e analisar seus resultados clínicos, complicações, medidas palatais por ressonância magnética (RM) e parâmetros polissonográficos. MÉTODOS: estudo clínico, duplo cego e randomizado, realizado de 2007 a 2010. Foram incluídos adultos roncadores com índice de apneia-hipopneia (IAH) <15. Critérios de exclusão: cirurgia palatal pregressa, IMC>35, obstrução nasal ou faríngea > 50% da via aérea, deformidade crânio-facial, gestação, ausência de acompanhante de quarto, alergia ou comorbidade grave. Sessões ambulatoriais de IR foram realizadas no palato mole (três pontos), máximo de três sessões, com quatro semanas de intervalo mínimo. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: um recebeu oleato de etanolamina 5% (A) e o outro, etanol 50%(B). A intensidade do ronco foi aferida por escala visual-analógica de 10cm (EVA). Foram analisados outros parâmetros clínicos, como sonolência e dor, além de RM e polissonografias. RESULTADOS: Dos 22 pacientes incluídos neste estudo (A=9 / B=13), 19 (86,4%) apresentaram diminuição importante ou desaparecimento do ronco. A intensidade de ronco (EVA) decresceu nos dois grupos: de 8,0 para 3,0 no Grupo A (p=0,007) e de 8,0 para 3,0 no Grupo B (p=0,001). A escala de sonolência de Epworth diminui de 8,0 para 6,0 no Grupo A (p=0,05) e de 11,0 para 5,0 no Grupo B (p=0,005). A dor durante o procedimento, aferida em EVA, foi de 4,0 nos dois Grupos. Nos dias subseqüentes, a dor foi de 3,5 no Grupo A e 2,0 no Grupo B, sem...

BACKGROUND: Snoring affects a significant portion of the population and the treatment is a challenge, because there are many options and the choice should be individualized. Among various palatal procedures for the treatment of snoring and sleep apnea, the injection snoreplasty (IS) has emerged as an economic alternative for selected cases. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate IS in the snoring treatment, comparing 5% ethanolamine oleate and 50% ethanol. Also, to describe a distinct method of injection and analyze its clinical results, complications, palatal measures by resonance imaging (MRI), and polysomnographic parameters. METHODS: Clinical, double-blind, randomized trial conducted from 2007 to 2010. Adult snorers with apneahypopnea index (AHI) <15 were included. Exclusion criteria: previous palatal surgery, BMI> 35, pharyngeal or nasal obstruction> 50% of the airway, craniofacial deformity, pregnancy, lack of room partner, allergy or severe comorbidity. IS outpatient sessions were held in the soft palate (three points), maximum of three sessions, with at least four weeks apart. Patients were randomized into two groups: 5% ethanolamine oleate (A) or 50% ethanol (B). The intensity of snoring was measured by visual-analogue scale of 10 cm (VAS). Other clinical parameters were analyzed, such as sleepiness and pain, as well as MRI and polysomnography. RESULTS: Of 22 patients enrolled in this study (A = 9 / B = 13), 19 (86.4%) showed significant reduction or disappearance of snoring. The snoring loudness (VAS) decreased in both groups: 8.0 to 3.0 in Group A (p=0.007) and 8.0 to 3.0 in Group B (p=0.001). The Epworth Sleepiness Scale decreased from 8.0 to 6.0 in Group A (p=0.05) and from 11.0 to 5.0 in Group B (p=0.005). The pain during the procedure, measured by VAS, was 4.0 in both Groups. On subsequent days, the pain was 3.5 in Group A and 2.0 in Group B, with no difference between groups. In the overall sample, the mean time to return to regular nourishing was 2.0 days...

Infantile Hemangioma Treated with Dermal Injection of Ethanolamine Oleate / 대한피부과학회지

Infantile hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors that commonly occur in infants. The management of hemangiomas ranges from simple observation and assurance to surgical resection. The commonly used treatment modalities include topical, intralesional and systemic steroids, pulsed dye laser and surgical excision. There are several reports of infantile hemangiomas treated with direct percutaneous injections of sclerosing agents such as ethanol, polidocanol or ethanolamine oleate. We report here on a case of infantile hemangioma that was treated with ethanolamine oleate by dermal injection. We think this is the first report of a dermal injection of ethanolamine oleate, and not intraluminal injection, for treating infantile hemangioma.

Clinical Features of the Patients with Seizures after Doxylamine Succinate Overdose / 대한간질학회지

PURPOSE: Doxylamine succinate is an over-the-counter drug commonly used in the treatment of insomnia. It is in the ethanolamine class of antihistamine and is frequently involved in intentional overdoses. Seizures are uncommon, but there are potentially serious complications, making early recognition and treatment essential. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of patients admitted for seizures after a doxylamine succinate overdose from Jan. 1, 1992 to Dec. 31, 2008. We evaluated them with respect to age, sex, amount ingested, clinical symptomatology, time from ingestion to seizure, complication, and prognosis. RESULTS: Among the 146 doxylamine overdose patients, 11 patients developed seizures. Females accounted for 9 (81.8%) patients and the number aged between 20 and 40 years was also 9 cases (81.8%). The average time from ingestion to emergency room visit was 170 minutes (60-360). The average time from ingestion to development of seizures was 188 minutes (60-480). The amount of doxylamine succinate ingested was 750-4,750 mg (mean = 2,425 mg). The frequent anticholinergic symptoms were tachycardia (63.6%), vomiting (45.5%), mydriasis (36.4%), and hypertension (36.4%). Rhabdomyolysis and drug induced hepatitis were observed in 7 cases (63.6%) and 6 cases (54.5%), respectively. Primary treatment included administration of benzodiazepine and conservative care. After more than a 6 month follow-up, no patients developed further seizure. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of seizure after doxylamine succinate overdose is uncommon and prognosis is good. However, other serious symptoms are commonly combined, and we have to be aware that seizures are a potential complication and should be actively investigated and vigorously treated.

Kinetics of alpha-chymotrypsin catalyzed hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl acetate in ethanolamine surfactants.

The kinetics of alpha-chymotrypsin (alpha-CT) catalyzed hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl acetate has been studied in aqueous solution of alkyldimethylethanolammonium bromide (cetyl, dodecyl, decyl) surfactants at concentrations below and above their critical micelle concentration. From Michaelis-Mcnten kinetics, the catalytic rate constant kcat and the Michaelis constant KM have been determined. The bell-shaped profiles of alpha-CT activity with increasing surfactant concentrations indicate the interaction between the micelle-bound enzyme and substrate.

Uptake and kinetic properties of choline and ethanolamine in Plasmodium falciparum

Purpose: The asexual proliferation of Plasmodium; inside the erythrocyte; is accompanied by the synthesis of huge quantities of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and phospha- tidylethanolamine (PtdEtn). These needful phospholipids for the cytoplasmic membrane of the merozoites are provided by the precursors choline and ethanolamine. PtdCho and PtdEtn are synthesized by the parasite because the erythrocyte is unable to do it. In order to assess the dynamism of the phospholipid pathways; we aimed to inves- tigate the respective shape of the uptake of choline and ethanolamine by Plasmodium falciparum. Method: Time-course experiments and kinetic assays were performed respectively with fixed and ranged concentrations of radioactively-labelled choline and ethanolamine. The labelled-precursors were added in the culture of P. falciparum infected-erythrocytes and the incorporated molecules in phospholipids were measured with a scintigraph counter. Result: The results showed that the incorpo- ration of precursors in the infected-erythrocyte occurred with a Michaelis-Menten's kinetic shape. According to the maximum rate (Vmax); the pathway of ethanolamine incorpo- ration was faster than that of choline. Similarly; affinity for ethanolamine was greater than that of choline. Conclusion: Although PtdCho is the major phospholipid in the membrane; this study rules out that the influx of ethanolamine in the infected-erythrocyte; in vivo conditions; is more dynamic than choline

Foam treatment for varicose veins; efficacy and safety

To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of foam sclerotherapy in the treatment of varicose veins measured against patient satisfaction, symptom relief, clinical examination and duptex scanning. From October 2004 to October 2005, 100 legs with varicose veins treated with ultrasound guided sclerosing foam prepared according to Tessari method by mixing Ethanolamine Oleate [E.O] with air using 2 disposable syrings and a three way tap producing a high-quality micro foam.Every patient was studied with clinical examination and duplex scanning before and after the treatment with a mean follow up of 12 months. An average of 8 ml of E.O. 5% foam were required to close incompetent varicose veins. Thirty percent of legs required a second treatment at the 3rd month of follow up. All patients felt that their legs had treated successfully with resolution of all symptoms in 85% and resolution of all varicosities in 92%. Foam sclerotherapy is safe and effective therapy in treating varicose veins with high patient satisfaction and improvement in quality of life

Hemostasia com injeção da solução de cianoacrilato em pacientes com ruptura de varizes gástricas: estudo de série de casos / Hemostasis with cyanoacrylate solution injection in patients with gastric varices bleeding: study of a series

A hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA) é uma patologia freqüente nas emergências hospitalares, responsável por cerca de 300.000 internamentos por ano e com a mortalidade global de 1 3,2%. As causas mais freqüentes de HDA são úlcera péptica e ruptura de varizes esofagogástricas (RVEG), variando de 9 a 46%. A mortalidade na HDA por RVEG é maior que a global, entre 30 e 50%. No caso da ruptura por varizes gástricas, a hemostasia com a injeção da solução de cianoacrilato mais lipiodol (SCl) é importante para reduzir a morbimortalidade aguda, o número de unidades de hemoderivados transfundidas e tempo de internação. Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar a eficácia da hemostasia com injeção da SCl na RVEG, nas primeiras 72 horas após o procedimento. Métodos: Estudo observacional, prospectivo, tipo série de casos, incluindo 30 pacientes com hipertensão portal, submetidos a obliteração com a injeção da SCl, no período de fevereiro de 2004 a março de 2005/ no SED-CHD-HGRS. Resultados: Obteve-se a hemostasia em 100% (30/30) dos pacientes nas primeiras 72 horas. A idade média foi de 50,07 anos, sexo masculino em 66,7% (20/30) e feminino em 33/9% (10/30). Dentre as causas da hemorragia, varizes gástricas tipo I corresponderam a 10% (3/30)/ tipo 11 a 46% (14 / 30)/ tipo 111 a 10% (3/30), tipo I e 11 a 13/3% (4/30)/ úlcera pós-esclerose a 3,3% (1/30) e variz subcárdica a 16/7% (5/30). A etiologia da hipertensão portal foi de 43,3% (13/30) para doença crônica parenquimatosa do fígado de etiologia não definida (DCPFND), de 23,3% (7/30) DPCF por doença alcoólica do fígado (DAF), de 20% (6/30) por esquistossomose e de 13/3% (4/30) DCPF por vírus C. A quantidade média injetada da SCl foi de 2/63ml. Não houve dano ao endoscópio; entretanto, houve dano em 53,4% dos cateteres injetores da SCl. Conclusão: A hemostasia com injeção da SCl para obliteração na ruptura de varizes gástricas na HDA é eficaz, tecnicamente segura e diminui o ressangramento nas primeiras horas do quadro agudo

Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration for Gastric Variceal Bleeding patient

PURPOSE: To evaluate the technical feasibility and clinical efficacy of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) in the treatment of gastric variceal bleeding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 2001 and March 2002, ten patients with gastric variceal bleeding and gastrorenal shunt, underwent BRTO. Three of the ten also had hepatic encephalopathy. To evaluate the gastrorenal shunt and exclude portal vein thrombosis, all patients underwent pre-procedural CT scanning. An occlusion balloon catheter was inserted from the right internal jugular vein and on ballooning was wedged into the left adrenal vein. A sclerosing agent (5% ethanolamine oleate-lipiodol mixture) was injected until the varices were completely filled. In four patients, the collateral veins seen at balloon-occluded adrenal venography were embolized with coils prior to sclerotherapy. Post-procedural follow-up CT (n=3) or endoscopy (n=8) was performed 1-4 weeks later, and both before and after the procedure, hepatic function was also monitored. RESULTS: Treatment was successful in nine cases: the failure involed rupture of the occlusion balloon during inflation, and a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt was performed. The cessation of bleeding was confirmed endoscopically or clinically; in three patients, follow-up CT showed complete obliteration of the varices. Hepatic function improved in eight patients, but three weeks after the procedure, one expired due to progressive infiltrative hepatoma. The clinical symptoms of the three patients with hepatic encephalopathy showed remarkable improvement. CONCLUSION: Although more extensive studies and long-term follow up are needed to overcome the limitations of our study, we believe that BRTO is a technically feasible and clinically effective treatment for gastric varices and hepatic encephalopathy.

Tratamento de hemangioma bucal com agente esclerosante / Use of a sclerosing agent in the treatment of oral hemangioma

Existem muitas controvérsias acerca dos hemangiomas. Conceito, diagnóstico, classificaçöes, exames complementares e tratamento têm sido objetos de diversos trabalhos relatados na literatura. Também näo existe consenso com relaçäo à melhor opçäo terapêutica para o hemangioma, devendo-se sempre levar em consideraçäo fatores como a idade do paciente e o tamanho da lesäo. Os autores fazem uma revisäo da literatura e apresentam três casos de hemangioma bucal, que receberam como tratamento aplicaçöes de oleato de monoetanolamina

A case of bleeding duodenal varix treated by endoscopic band ligation / 대한내과학회지

The occurrence of duodenal varices is rare. They are often overlooked as a source of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension. Experience in control of bleeding duodenal varices is limited. Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) is generally considered a safer alternative than endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for treatment of bleeding esophageal varices. Recently EVL has been described as a successful treatment for ruptured duodenal varices. We present a case of bleeding duodenal varices in a 46-year-old man with liver cirrhosis and cholangiocarcinoma who presented with melena. Emergency endoscopy revealed no esophagogastric varices, but several nodular varices were found in the second portion of the duodenum. A punctate ulcer overlying the varix with intermittent bleeding was observed. The hemorrhagic lesion was successfully treated by endoscopic ligation after failure of hemostasis with ethanolamine injection theapy. Endoscopic ligation may be a therapeutic choice to arrest active duodenal variceal bleeding.

A Case of Non-traumatic Rhabdomyolysis after Doxylamine Overdose

Doxylamine is an antihistamine of the ethanolamine class. It is used primarily as a sleep-inducing agent. Clinicians should be aware of the complications in rhabdomyolysis patients who ingest doxylamine succinate and over-the-counter antihistamines. The easy availability of these substances increases the potential not only of intentional overdose by adults but also of inadvertent ingestion by children. Prompt intervention and careful assessment of renal function, urinary output, and serum creatine kinase levels may represent the difference between an uncomplicated and acute renal failure. Recognition of the potential for rhabdomyolysis and institution of vigorous treatment may prevent acute renal failure in patients who have taken an overdose of the drug. A 14-year-old male was found to have hematuria and oliguria. Evaluation of the patient revealed myoglobinuria, and a creatine kinase(CK) level of 117,563 IU/L. He was recovered by massive fluid administration, urine alkalization and mannitol infusion. We report a case of a suicide attempt in a child where ingestion of the doxylamine complicated by non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis with brief review related literatures.

Study of Anti-Galactocerebroside and Anti-Sulfatide Antibodies in Leprosy / 나학회지

Peripheral nerve damage in leprosy would be related to the local cell-mediated immune response to mycobacterial antigens and, presumedly, metabolic and biochemical changes of Schwann cell or circulating demyelinating factors and otherwise, autoimmune process would be involved. The neuralipid composing of cholesterol, ethanolamine glycerophosphatide, sphingomyelin, galactocerebroside(GalC), ethanolamine plasmalogen, serine and choline glycerophophatide, sulfatide are abundant in the myelin and have immunogenicity. Especially, GalC and sulfatide are known to play an important role in myelin function and its stability. The study was undertaken to detect the titers of anti-GalC and anti-sulfatide antibodies for the neural destruction mechanism of leprosy. Subjects tested were 53 leprosy patients with polar type consisting of 25 in tuberculoid leprosy(TT) and 28 in lepromatous leprosy(LL). The titeration of the antibody was done in the sera of patients and controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The results obtained were as follows ; 1. The detection rate of anti-GalC antibody was in 13(24.5%) of the 53 leprosy patients compared with 3(13.0%) of the 23 normal controls. Among the leprosy patients, there was 8(32.0%) in TT and 5(17.9%) in LL. 2. The detection rate of anti-sulfatide antibody was in 24(45.3%) of leprosy patients compared with 7(26.1%) of normal controls. Both types showed almost same rate of 46.4% and 44.0%, respectively. 3. Mean titer of anti-GalC antibody was 18.9+/-17.0EU/ml in leprosy patients and 12.8+/-8.8EU/ml in normal controls, with statistically insignificant level(p>0.05, one-way ANOVA). Among the leprosy patients, mean titer was 24.7+/-20.9EU/ml in TT and 13.8+/-10.5EU/ml in LL, with significance in TT(p0.05). Among the leprosy patients, mean titer was 26.0+/-15.4EU/ml in TT and 24.7+/-14.0EU/ml in LL, which was nearly same quantities in both types. 5. Examinations using Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the association between anti-GalC and anti-sulfatide antibodies was non-specific in LL(r=0.09) and TT(r=0.04). The analysis between duration of illness and anti-GalC antibody was decreasing correlation(r=-0.89, p0.05). In comparison with anti-sulfatide antibody and duration, LL was higher in 41-50 years, while being higher in 31-40 years in TT, but correlation in both types could not be found(r=0.08, -0.06) In conclusion, the anti-GalC and anti-sulfatide antibodies seemed to be related with nerve damage. Hereafter we think that more study for other neural lipid should be investigated