Uso de ventilación no invasiva luego de la discontinuación de la ventilación mecánica invasiva en pacientes adultos / Use of noninvasive ventilation after discontinuation of invasive mechanical ventilation in adult patients

Introducción: la discontinuación de la ventilación mecánica invasiva en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos es un objetivo fundamental y primario, en pos de evitar las complicaciones asociadas a ella. El uso de ventilación no invasiva en este contexto resulta de utilidad en tres escenarios específicos: a) como prevención de fallo de extubación, b) como cambio de interface, c) en fallo instalado. No existe evidencia suficiente sobre el tiempo de uso habitual de la VNI en esta subpoblación, las variables que se utilizan para elegirla, las causas de fallo de la VNI y la mortalidad asociada en estos pacientes. Objetivos: describir epidemiológicamente a los pacientes adultos con uso de VNI posextubación y su evolución hasta el alta hospitalaria. Describir la indicación de VNI, el tiempo de uso, las tasas de reintubación y mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Materiales y métodos: cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes internados en la UCI de adultos del Hospital Italiano de San Justo que utilizaron VNI posextubación. A partir de la historia clínica electrónica se registraron variables epidemiológicas previas al ingreso en la UCI y datos evolutivos durante la internación. El período analizado abarca desde el 17 de diciembre de 2016 hasta el 01 de agosto de 2018. Resultados: se incluyeron 48 pacientes en el presente estudio. La mediana de edad fue de 76 años (RIQ 62,75-83,25). El 58,33% eran hombres. El índice de comorbilidad de Charlson tuvo un valor de mediana de 5 (RIQ 3-6). Del total de pacientes reclutados, 33 utilizaron VNI como prevención de fallo de extubación (68,75%), 13 como cambio de interface (27,08%) y solo 2 como fallo instalado (4,16%). La mediana de días de uso de VNI fue 1 (RIQ 0-5) en prevención de fallo, 1 (RIQ 1-2) en cambio de interface y en fallo instalado 13,5 días (RIQ 8,75-18,25). Ocho pacientes fueron reintubados (16,66%). La mortalidad fue del 9,1% en el grupo de prevención de fallo y 7,7% en el grupo de cambio de interface, respectivamente. En cuanto al grupo que la usó a partir del fallo instalado, la tasa de mortalidad fue del 50% (total de dos pacientes). Conclusiones: la VNI como método de discontinuación de la VMI se utiliza principalmente tanto para la prevención de fallo como para cambio de interfaz. El tiempo de uso de VNI posextubación es, en general, limitado. Se necesitan futuros trabajos que identifiquen las horas requeridas de uso de VNI posextubación. (AU)

Introduction: the discontinuation of invasive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit is a fundamental and primary objective, both of which aim to avoid the complications associated with it. The use of non-invasive ventilation in this context may follow three specific scenarios: a) as prevention of extubation failure, b) as interface change, c) in overt failure. There is not enough evidence on the time of use of NIV in this subpopulation, the variables used to guide its use, the causes of NIV failure and the associated mortality in these patients. Objectives: to describe the use of NIV after extubation in adult critically ill patients. Further, we aim to describe the time of NIV use, the mortality and reintubation rate of each subgroup. Materials and methods: retrospective cohort study including adult patients admitted to the ICU at Hospital Italiano de San Justo, who received NIV post-extubation. Using the electronic health database, epidemiological variables were recorded prior to admission to the ICU and follow-up data during the hospitalization. The period analyzed was from December 17, 2016 to August 1, 2018. Results: 48 patients were included in the present analysis. Median age was 76 years (RIQ 62.75-83.25) and 58.33% were men. The Charlson comorbidity index had a median value of 5 (RIQ 3-6). Of the total number of patients recruited, 33 used NIV as prevention of extubation failure (68.75%), 13 as interface change (27.08%). ) and only 2 as overt extubation failure (4.16%).The median number of days of NIV use was 1 (RIQ 0-5) in failure prevention and 1 (RIQ 1-2) in the change of interface group. 8 patients were reintubated (16.66%). 9.1% and 7.7% of patients died in the groups that used NIV as prevention of extubation failure and change of interface respectively. Conclusions: NIV is frequently used in adult patients following extubation in our centre. Further studies are warranted to depict the necessary time of use to better allocate resources within the intensive care unit. (AU)

Extubation failure influences clinical and functional outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury / A falência da extubação influencia desfechos clínicos e funcionais em pacientes com traumatismo cranioencefálico

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between extubation failure and outcomes (clinical and functional) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: A prospective cohort study involving 311 consecutive patients with TBI. The patients were divided into two groups according to extubation outcome: extubation success; and extubation failure (defined as reintubation within 48 h after extubation). A multivariate model was developed in order to determine whether extubation failure was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: The mean age was 35.7 ± 13.8 years. Males accounted for 92.3%. The incidence of extubation failure was 13.8%. In-hospital mortality was 4.5% and 20.9% in successfully extubated patients and in those with extubation failure, respectively (p = 0.001). Tracheostomy was more common in the extubation failure group (55.8% vs. 1.9%; p < 0.001). The median length of hospital stay was significantly greater in the extubation failure group than in the extubation success group (44 days vs. 27 days; p = 0.002). Functional status at discharge was worse among the patients in the extubation failure group. The multivariate analysis showed that extubation failure was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (OR = 4.96; 95% CI, 1.86-13.22). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with TBI, extubation failure appears to lengthen hospital stays; to increase the frequency of tracheostomy and of pulmonary complications; to worsen functional outcomes; and to increase mortality. .

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre falência da extubação e desfechos clínicos e funcionais em pacientes com traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE). MÉTODOS: Coorte prospectiva com 311 pacientes consecutivos com TCE. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o resultado da extubação: sucesso ou falência (necessidade de reintubação dentro de 48 h após extubação). Um modelo multivariado foi desenvolvido para verificar se a falência de extubação era um preditor independente de mortalidade hospitalar. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 35,7 ± 13,8 anos, e 92,3% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino. A incidência de falência da extubação foi de 13,8%. A mortalidade hospitalar foi, respectivamente, de 20,9% e 4,5% nos pacientes com falência e com sucesso da extubação (p = 0,001). A realização de traqueostomia foi mais frequente no grupo falência da extubação (55,8% vs. 1,9%; p < 0,001). A mediana de tempo de permanência hospitalar foi significantemente maior nos pacientes com falência do que naqueles com sucesso da extubação (44 dias vs. 27 dias; p = 0,002). Os pacientes com falência da extubação apresentaram piores desfechos funcionais na alta hospitalar. A análise multivariada mostrou que a falência da extubação foi um preditor independente para a mortalidade hospitalar (OR = 4,96; IC95%, 1,86-13,22). CONCLUSÕES: A falência da extubação esteve associada a maior permanência hospitalar, maior frequência de traqueostomia e de complicações pulmonares, piores desfechos funcionais e maior mortalidade em pacientes com TCE. .