RESUMO
La infección por VIH (virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana) en la actualidad es un grave problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, que requiere de nuevas estrategias vacunales para detener su propagación así como para su efectivo tratamiento. Algunos estudios relacionados con la inmunidad innata en contra de VIH, han demostrado que los péptidos antimicrobianos (AMP´s) pueden generar resistencia a las infecciones virales. En la presente revisión, se describen a los péptidos antimicrobianos de humano y su actividad en contra de VIH así como péptidos de otras especies como plantas, anfibios, insectos y varias especies de animales que poseen un potencial terapéutico o profiláctico en la infección por VIH. Se describen brevemente algunos mecanismos mediante los cuales estos péptidos pueden bloquear la replicación e infección por el VIH.
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection is today a very important health issue worldwide, which demands new ways and strategies for its prevention and treatment. Several studies on the innate immunity against HIV infection have shown that antimicrobial peptides are associated with increased resistance to infection. In the present review, we briefly summarize the major characteristics of antimicrobial peptides from human and several species of plants, amphibians, insects and other animal species that have significant potential to be used as therapeutic or prophylactic agents. The mechanisms of infection inhibition and viral replication blockade are also described in the context of the biology of infection.
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Anti-HIV/isolamento & purificação , Fármacos Anti-HIV/farmacologia , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/isolamento & purificação , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/farmacologia , Descoberta de Drogas , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , HIV , Invertebrados/química , Plantas/química , Especificidade da Espécie , Vertebrados/metabolismo , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
A laccase with a molecular mass of 67 kDa and inhibitory activity toward HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (IC50 = 7.5 M) was isolated from fresh fruiting bodies of the Lentinus edodes (Shiitake mushroom). Its characteristics were compared with those of laccases from cultured mushroom mycelia reported earlier. The laccase was unadsorbed on DEAE-cellulose, Affi-gel blue gel and CM-cellulose, but was adsorbed on Con A-Sepharose. About 50-fold purification was achieved with a 19.2% yield of the enzyme. The activity of the enzyme increased steadily from 20°C to 70°C. The activity disappeared after exposure to the boiling temperature for 10 min. Its optimal pH was 4 and very little enzyme activity remained at and above pH 10. The laccase inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with an IC50 of 7.5 M, but did not demonstrate any antifungal or anti-proliferative activity.