Profile of depigmenting cosmetics and dermatological products on the market

The skin is the largest and most exposed organ of the human body, therefore subject to diseases and alteration of its appearance. Among these alterations, the cutaneous hyperchromia may be cited. Currently, the market offers numerous products with depigmenting action to the treatment of such disorders. The aim of this work was to analyze depigmenting products commercialized in establishments in the city of Bento Gonçalves (RS, Brazil) and websites of cosmetic companies. It was found 45 products with depigmenting action and, from these, 59 different active agents were identified. The main active compounds found were kojic acid, arbutin, ascorbic acid, hydroquinone and glycolic acid. Another observed data was that in 78% of the studied products the active substances were being used in combination. The most used vehicles were also studied as a reference to the use of sunscreen in the treatment of cutaneous hyperchromia. The present work had identified in the market a variety of products with depigmentation action and, because of this, it aims to serve as a reference to the healthcare professionals, especially at the prescribing moment, looking for the best results, with regards to treatment efficiency and safety.(AU)

Variantes clínicas y manifestaciones extrahepáticas en las hepatitis virales / Clinical variations and extrahepatic manifestation of viral hepatitis

Las variantes de la hepatitis virales tanto agudas como crónicas tiene importancia clínica. Las manifestaciones extra hepáticas por lo general están asociadas al depósito de complejos inmunes constítuidos por antígenos virales. La hepatitis A se puede presentar en diversas formas clínicas: colestática, bifasica y prolongada; las manifestaciones extra hepáticas son poco frecuentes. En la hepatitis B la poliarteritis nodosa, la glomerulonefritis y la crioglobulinemia mixta esencial puede ser importantes pero poco frecuentes. En la hepatitis a virus C 1a crioglobulinemia mixta esencial y diversas formas de glomerulonefritis son más frecuentes y a veces requieren terapia; otras entidades extrahepáticas no asociadas a la criglobulinemia son menos frecuentes. Alteraciones oculares, dermatológicas, hematológicas, neurológicas y tiroideas, a sí como poliarteritis, y el linfoma a células B no Hodgkin requieren de la investigación en todo paciente con hepatitis crónica C