Exercício abaixo do limiar anaeróbio aumenta as atividades fagocítica e microbicida de neutrófilos em ratos Wistar / Exercise below the anaerobic threshold increases phagocytic and microbicide activities of neutrophils in Wistar rats

OBJETIVO: Investigar o efeito de uma sessão de exercício abaixo do limiar anaeróbio sobre as funções de neutrófilos e monócitos circulantes em ratos Wistar. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Trata-se de um delineamento experimental com um pós-teste em que os sujeitos do grupo experimental exercitaram-se na água por 30 minutos enquanto controles não foram submetidos a qualquer intervenção. A atividade funcional dos fagócitos circulantes foi avaliada por ensaio de fagocitose de Saccharomyces cerevisiae e pelo teste de redução de nitroazul de tetrazólio (NBT). Para comparação entre as médias dos grupos, utilizaram-se testes t para amostras independentes com p < 0,05. RESULTADO: Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no número total e diferencial de leucócitos entre os grupos. Entretanto, neutrófilos do grupo experimental não apenas fagocitaram mais S. cerevisiae (p = 0,005) como também foram mais eficientes em reduzir NBT (p = 0,018) em relação aos controles. Não existiram diferenças significativas na atividade funcional dos monócitos entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: O exercício realizado com intensidade abaixo do limiar anaeróbio foi suficiente para incrementar a atividade fagocítica e microbicida de neutrófilos em modelo animal, o mesmo não sendo observado para monócitos circulantes.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a single session of exercise conducted below the anaerobic threshold on the functions of neutrophils and circulating monocytes in Wistar rats. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This study had an experimental design with a single post-test in which subjects of the experimental group exercised in water for 30 minutes, whereas the control group was not submitted to any intervention. Functional capacity of circulating phagocytes was assessed by means of a phagocytosis assay of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test. To compare means between groups, t tests for independent samples were used with p set at < 0.05. RESULTS: There were no significant differences as to the total and differential number of leucocytes between groups. Nonetheless, not only did the neutrophils of the experimental group phagocyte more S. cerevisiae (p = 0.005), but they also reduced NBT more efficiently (p = 0.018) in comparison with control subjects. No significant differences in these functional activities were observed in circulating monocytes. CONCLUSION: The exercise performed below the anaerobic threshold was sufficient to increase both phagocytic and microbicide activities of neutrophils in animal model, but the same protocol did not yield similar results for circulating monocytes.

Erythrophagocytosis assay in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the erythrophagocytosis assay (EA) in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Direct antiglobulin test (DAT), indirect antiglobulin test (ITA) and EA were performed in blood samples from 46 patients with presumed AIHA. The EA was carried out incubating patients'erythocytes and peripheral blood monocyte. A total of 200 monocytes were analysed to determine the percentage of active phagocytic cells (porcentage APC). In 9 of these patients the applied treatment was evaluated by DAT,IAT and EA. In 14 transfusion requirements, the compatibility tets and EA were performed. For EA, patients'monocyte were incubated with erytrocytes from previously selected units sensitized with patients'sera. The porcentage of APC was 32.1 +/- 1.7 in 35 patients with positive DAT and 17.8 +/- 1.3 in 11 patients with negative DAT. This last value was significantly higher than that with negative controls (3.7 +/- 0.3) (p

Apoptosis e infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV) / [Apoptosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV]

Generalized activation of the immune system after HIV infection leads to an exacerbation of all apoptotic mechanisms. CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes are sensitized to apoptotic stimuli. Macrophages are important in the removal of apoptotic cells, they prevent apoptotic cell accumulation during in vitro culture and they may lead to enhanced CD4+ T lymphocyte cell death through indirect mechanisms. A simple procedure for prolonged culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV+ patients is discussed, in relation to its convenience to evaluate apoptosis, cell to cell interaction and HIV replication in the absence of exogenously added stimuli or co-culture of allogeneic cells. In this system, HIV replication takes place primarily in cells of macrophage lineage that may be activated into differentiation through removal of apoptotic debris during the culture.

Capacidade fagocitária de ratos esplenectomizados / Phagocytic capacity in splenectomy rats

O baço, durante muito tempo considerado um órgão sem função definida, é hoje considerado um elaborado sistema de defesa, principalmente de fagocitose. O presente estudo visa conhecer a influência da esplenectomia total sobre a capacidade fagocitária total. Utilizaram-se 26 ratos machos com 180 dias de idade, divididos em 3 grupos: controle (n=10), sham (n=8) e esplenectomizados (n=8). Submetreram-se os animais do grupo sham à laparotomia mediana sob anestesia geral intra-peritoneal de tiopental sódico e os do grupo esplenectomia à laparotomia e esplenectomia total. Após 7 dias colheram-se amostras de sangue. Em seguida injetou-se ferro na dose de 2mg/kg de ferro e colheram-se novas amostras após 5 e 15 minutos da injeção. Dosou-se o ferro sérico nas amostras coletas e calculou-se o índice de fagocitose pela equação de Biozzi e col. O índice de fagocitose foi semelhante nos grupos controle e sham (p=0,143086) e menor no grupo dos esplenectomizados (p=0,0006850). Observou-se que a capacidade fagocitária total está diminuída após esplenectomia, em ratos.

Actividad fagocítica de polimorfonucleares en pacientes con hipersensibilidad a la aspirina, asma y pólipos nasales / Phagocytic function in patients with aspirine sensitive asthma and hypertrophy rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

La eficiencia de la función fagocítica depende de la óptima actividad de cada estadio del proceso fagocítico. Los pacientes con hipersensibilidad a la aspirina, asma, rinosinusitis hipertrófica con pólipos nasales ®triada de la aspirina¼ (pacientes ASA) tienen indicios de defectos en la fagocitosis. Se estudiaron 34 pacientes ASA y 34 sujetos sanos. Las células polimorfonucleares, quimioluminiscencia (CL) de los pacientes ASA se estudiaron in vitro. La actividad fagocítica se midió con la técnica de quimioluminiscencia. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticas con la prueba de U de Mann Whitney (p=NS). No hubo diferencias en la capacidad fagocítica de polimorfonucleares de pacientes ASA y controles sanos. A pesar de los avances de las ciencias básicas, la causa y patogenesis de los pólipos nasales no se ha aclarado, particularmente la tinosinusitis, asma intrínseca y la intolerancia a farmacos no esteroides

Enhanced phagocyte chemiluminescence in asymptomatic HIV infection.

Seventeen asymptomatic HIV infected patients were studied for their phagocyte function in vitro, in comparison with that of eight normal healthy persons. Chemiluminescence was measured using whole blood by means of a microtitreplate luminometer. Light indices, cumulative light indices and rapidity of responses were recorded. The patients had a lower phagocyte count (13.17 +/- 0.85 x 10(9)/l) but a more rapid and intense chemiluminescence response. The latter was demonstrated by a higher peak light index and cumulative response. The observed enhanced phagocyte activity may reflect an early failure of T cell regulatory functions, or a compensatory mechanism in response to the underlying immunodeficiency.

Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood: differential diagnosis and prognosis

Of a total of 111 children with primary immunodeficiency, 20 had phagocytic disorders (18 per cent) and 10 of them (8 boys and 2 girls) were diagnosed as chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). The children presented with repeated infections already during the first months of life. The main clinical findings were: abscess (n=8), otitis (n=8), pneumonia (n=8), lymphadenitis and pyodermits (n=6) and septicemia (4), NBT reduction was almost absent in all the children, except one of them. Bactericidal activity against S. aureus and phagocytosis were impaired in CGD patients. Different patterns of laboratory tests and prognosis were observed and girls had a better evolution

Funcion fagocitaria de leucocitos polimorfonucleares y subpoblaciones linfocitarias en pacientes con amibiasis / Phagocytic function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with amebiasis

Se inicia un proyecto piloto para la evaluación integral de la función fagocitaria de leucocitos polimorfonucleares y el análisis de subpoblaciones linfocitarias en pacientes con diversas formas de amebiasis. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en algunos parámetros tales como reducción del nitroazul de tetrazolio (NBT), relácion CD4/CD8, digestión de candida, expresión de la. Se plantea la necesidad de mayor investigación en el campo de los mecanismos de imunidad mediados por células en los pacientes con amibiasis. Es interesante también precisar los efectos que puddieran ejercer los medicamentos que se emplean, tales como el metronidazol sobre la función fagocitária de polimorfonucleares y en el comportamiento de subpoblaciones linfocitarias

Deficiencia de las celulas fagociticas / Phagocytic cells deficient

Se presenta una revision sobre las deficiencias de las celulas fagociticas; se consigna informacion basica y clinica sobre defectos de la adherencia, la quimiotaxis, la fagocitosis y la actividad microbicida

We present a review of phagocytic-cell deficiency; both clinical and basic Information Is Included for such aspects as defects of adherence, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and microbicidal activities.

Distúrbios primários de fagócitos: apresentaçäo de 16 casos / Primary disorders of the phagocytes: report of 16 cases

Os autores apresentam os principais achados clínicos e laboratoriais de 16 crianças portadoras de distúrbios de fagócitos atendidas no Ambulatório de Imunopatologia do Instituto da Criança "Prof. Pedro de Alcantara". Os diagnósticos verificados foram Doença Granulomatosa Crônica da Infância (B), Síndrome de Chediak-Higashi (3), Neutropenia Persistente (3), Síndrome de Job (1) e Defeito de Quimiotaxia (1). Estes pacientes constituem 20% dos casos de Imunodeficiências Primárias de nossa casuística e as principais manifestaçöes clínicas foram de infecçöes piogênicas recorrentes, acometendo pele, mucosa oral e trato respiratório, com a formçäo de abcessos. Acompanham o quadro clínico, hepatoesplenomegalia e adenomegalia supurativa. O presente trabalho destaca a importância da pesquisa destes distúrbios da imunidade para que o tratamento seja instituído precocemente