The influence of a doppler ultrasound in arteriovenous fistula for dialysis failure related to some risk factors / Influência da Ultrassonografia Doppler nas Falhas de Fístulas Arteriovenosas de Diálise Relacionada a Alguns Fatores de Risco

ABSTRACT Introduction: The increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease has increased the demand for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) care. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between some risk factors for AVF failure (advanced age, female sex, diabetes, obesity, central venous catheter, previous fistula, and hospitalization) and having a Doppler ultrasound performed preoperatively. Methods: A prospective study was performed with 228 dialysis patients from Imperatriz, Maranhão. Half of the sample was randomly selected to receive preoperative Doppler ultrasound and the other half did not, from the period of October 2016 to September 2018. Results: There were 53 total failures corresponding to 23.2% of our sample, which is almost double that of the patients in the clinical group. Considering the failures and risk factors associated with the overall sample, there was a statistically significant association between a central venous catheter on the same side of the AVF with P = 0.04 (Odds Ratio 1.24) and obesity with P = 0.05 (Odds Ratio 1.36), which was not repeated in the Doppler ultrasound group individually. There was no statistically significant difference between the Doppler group and clinical group with respect to the amount of days of previous AVF hospitalization and failure. Conclusions: We concluded that the reduction of failures with an introduction of the Doppler was statistically significant in the overall sample, but establishing a relationship between specific risk factors and failure was only possible with two of the risk factors in the study - obesity and central venous catheter on the same side of the AVF.

RESUMO Introdução: A crescente prevalência de doença renal crônica aumentou a demanda por confecção de fístula arteriovenosa (FAV). O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a relação entre alguns fatores de risco para falha da FAV (idade avançada, sexo feminino, diabetes, obesidade, cateter venoso central, fístula prévia e hospitalização) e a realização de ultrassonografia Doppler no pré-operatório. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo com 228 pacientes em diálise em Imperatriz, MA. Metade da amostra foi randomizada para receber ultrassonografia Doppler no pré-operatório. A outra metade dos pacientes não foi submetido a exame ultrassonográfico. O estudo incluiu pacientes atendidos no período de outubro de 2016 a setembro de 2018. Resultados: Houve 53 falhas (23,2%) em nossa amostra, quase o dobro do número dos pacientes no grupo clínico. Considerando as falhas e os fatores de risco associados à amostra geral, houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre catéter venoso central do mesmo lado da FAV (P = 0,04; Razão de Chances: 1,24) e obesidade (P = 0,05; Razão de Chances: 1,36), o que não foi reproduzido no grupo de ultrassonografia Doppler individualmente. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o grupo Doppler e o grupo clínico em relação à quantidade de dias de internação e falha da FAV. Conclusões: A redução de falhas com a introdução do Doppler foi estatisticamente significativa na amostra geral, mas só foi possível estabelecer uma relação entre fatores de risco específicos e falha em dois dos fatores estudados, obesidade e catéter venoso central no mesmo lado da FAV.

Circular saw misuse is related to upper limb injuries: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES: Machinery injuries account for a substantial share of traumatic upper limb injuries (TULIs) affecting young active individuals. This study is based on the hypothesis that there is an important relationship between the improper use of power saws and TULIs. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence and epidemiology of TULIs caused by power saws and determine the risks related to power saw use. METHODS: A cross-sectional evaluation of medical records from a two-year period was performed. Patients sustaining TULIs related to power saws were analyzed. Data on the epidemiology, site of injury, mechanism of trauma, technical specifications of the tool, cutting material, personal protective equipment, time lost and return to work were obtained. RESULTS: A database search retrieved 193 TULI records, of which 104 were related to power saws. The majority of patients were male (102/104; 98.1%), right-handed (97/104; 93.3%), and manual workers (46/104; 44.2%), with an average age of 46.8 years. The thumb was the most frequently injured site (32/93; 34.4%). Most of the injuries were caused by manual saws (85/104; 81.7%), and masonry saws accounted for 68.2% (58/85) of the cases. Masonry saws improperly used for woodwork resulted in 86.2% (50/58) of the injuries. TULI caused by masonry saws was 5 times higher in manual workers than in other patients. In addition, masonry saws had a risk of kickback 15 times higher than that of other saws, and the risk of injury increased by 5.25 times when the saws were used improperly for wood cutting. CONCLUSIONS: The profile of TULIs related to power saws was demonstrated and was mainly associated with manual saws operated by manual workers that inappropriately used masonry saws for woodworking.

Peripherally inserted central venous lines versus central lines in surgical newborns - A comparison.

Objective. To compare the insertion characteristics, utilization profile, life span and the complication rates of Central lines (CL) and Peripherally inserted central lines (PICL). Methods. A prospective study of all CL or PICL insertions during January 2007 to September 2007 in the Neonatal Surgical Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary care center was done. The number of attempts, procedure time, duration of catheter stay, number of dressing done, complication during insertion and maintenance and cause of removal were noted and the differences analyzed statistically using Pearson chi square / t test. P value . 0.05 was considered significant. Results. Ninety two neonates were included in the present study of whom 60 were PICL insertions and 32 CL insertions. The two groups were comparable in terms of age, weight and the use of total perental nutrition (TPN) through the catheters. On comparing the PICL and CL groups, the number of attempts for successful insertion (p=0.003), the time taken (p=0.005), the number of dressing changes required during the indwelling period (p=0.005) and the overall complication rates (p=0.002) were significantly less in the PICL group. The PICL could be maintained for longer periods of time (p= 0.005) and only in 11.5% of the patients it had to be removed before completion of therapy as compared to 37.5% early removals for CL (p=0.02) Conclusion. PICL is a safe, effective and reliable method of providing prolonged IV access in newborns. It also has the least incidence of complications during insertion and maintenance over prolonged period of time when compared to CL and should be recommended for routine use in neonatal surgical patients.

Perfurações não detectadas de luvas em procedimentos de urgência / Undetected surgical glove perforation during emergency procedures

OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a incidência de perfuração de luvas utilizadas em operações e atendimentos de urgência realizados no Serviço de Emergência do Departamento de Cirurgia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, num período de dois meses. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas 2613 luvas, sendo 252 em 42 operações e 2361 em atendimentos na Sala de Emergência. As luvas foram testadas pelo método de insuflação com água. RESULTADOS: Houve perfuração em 41 luvas durante o ato operatório (16,3 por cento), sendo que a maior porcentagem ocorreu nas urgências traumáticas (33 por cento). As perfurações decorrentes do atendimento na sala de emergência ocorreram em 7,3 por cento das luvas. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que o índice de perfuração foi significativo, mais frequente em urgências traumáticas e que, no campo operatório, o cirurgião é o elemento mais vulnerável da equipe.

OBJECTIVE: Gloves are the most important barriers that protect hospital personnel and patients. Unfortunately, glove perforation rates reach up to 78 percent in high risk procedures. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the glove perforation rate in emergency procedures carried out in the Emergency Service of "Santa Casa de São Paulo", School of Medicine. METHODS: The study analyzed all gloves used in the emergency room during a 2 months period. Gloves were tested immediately after the surgical procedure using the approved standardized water leak method. RESULTS: A total of 252 surgical gloves used by residents in 42 surgical procedures and 2361 gloves used in emergency procedures were tested for the presence of punctures by the water insuflation method. Forty one (16.3 percent) of the gloves tested showed at least one puncture, 18 (33 percent) in traumatic emergencies. The overall perforation rate in the emergency room was 7,3 percent. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the incidence of punctures in gloves during surgical procedures was high, and occurred mostly with surgeons.

The Thai Anesthesia Incidents Study (THAI Study) of anesthetic equipment failure/malfunction: a qualitative analysis for risk factors.

BACKGROUND: Anesthesia equipment problems may contribute to anesthetic morbidity and mortality. In Thailand, the magnitude and pattern of these problems has not been established. We therefore analyzed the frequency, type and severity of equipment-related problems, and what additional efforts might be needed to improve safety. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The data were drawn from the Thai Anesthesia Incidents Study (THAI Study) between February 1, 2003 and July 31, 2004 in which anesthesia-related data (i.e. of perioperative problems and their severity) were recorded (by the attending anesthesiologist) from all anesthetic cases on a routine basis. We selected cases under general and regional anesthesia with anesthetic equipment failure/malfunction for descriptive analysis. RESULTS: The frequency of anesthetic equipment problems of the 202,699 recorded cases was approximated 0.04% or 1 : 2252. Two-thirds of the problems (63%) involved the anesthesia machine and of these incidents 73 and 41 percent involved system and human errors, respectively. One patient died and one suffered permanent morbidity. CONCLUSION: The incidence and severity of equipment problems was low. Aside from improvements to pre-operative equipment checks, vigilance, continuous quality improvement and quality assurance activities were suggested as strategies to reduce problems.

Comparison of vacuum extraction delivery between the conventional metal cup and the new soft rubber cup.

To compare the effectiveness and complications of vacuum extraction delivery between the conventional metal cup and the silicone rubber cup. A prospective randomized clinical trial of 90 pregnant women requiring assisted vaginal delivery who met the predetermined criteria for vacuum extraction were allocated to delivery by the Malstrom metal cup (46 cases) or the silicone rubber cup (44 cases). The two groups were similar in respect of age, parity gestational age and indications for assisted vaginal delivery. The mean and median numbers of tractions and time from cup application to delivery were not significantly different between the groups. The overall success rate was higher in the metal cup (89.1%) than in the rubber cup (79.5%) but not significantly different. The silicone cup was more likely to fail in cases of occiput posterior position, excessive caput, and severe degree of molding. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of Apgar scores, birth canal injury, and maternal blood loss. Scalp injuries occurred more frequently with the metal than with the rubber cup (P = 0.006). Vacuum extraction delivery with the silicone rubber cup is associated with reduced scalp injuries but has a greater tendency to fail when the fetus presents in occiput posterior position, has excessive caput or severe degree of molding.

Estudio prospectivo de un año sobre seguridad en el quirófano / A year prospective study on safety in the operating room

En un trabajo prospectivo se registraron todos los hechos no esperados ocurridos durante el acto quirúrgico en un año, en una clínica privada con condiciones edilicias y equipamiento adecuados, personal entrenado y médicos con título de especialistas. En 2.752 operaciones se detectaron 10 (0.36%) problemas que por su poca jerarquía hubieran pasado inadvertidos, pero sirvieron para hacer correcciones y aumentar las medidas de seguridad