Gender and obesity interaction in quality of life in adults assisted by family doctor program in Niterói, Brazil / Interação entre gênero e obesidade na qualidade de vida de adultos assistidos pelo programa médico de família de Niterói, Brasil

Abstract Obesity impacts the quality of life (HRQL). Studies about the effects of a possible interaction between gender and body mass are rare. The objective of the present paper is to estimate the biological interaction between gender and obesity on HRQL. This was a cross-sectional study based on data from CAMELIA study with population assisted by the Family Doctor Program of Niteroi visited between June 2006 and December 2007. HRQL was assessed by the SF-36. The exposure categories were: obese women, non-obese women, obese men and non-obese men, the reference category. Obese women showed higher percentages of low overall, physical and mental quality of life with the largest associations in the physical component. The excess risk due to interaction was statistically significant in physical dimension: RERI = 1.97 (0.40-3.52) and RERIa = 1,97 (0.40-1.7). Among the Brazilian population aged 20–64 years, obesity was independently associated with low HRQL. This association differed by gender, being significant for women. The possibility of the combined effect takes greater importance in the context of increasing incidence of obesity globally. Healthcare professionals in primary care settings should pay attention to gender differences in the impact of obesity on HRQL.

Resumo A obesidade causa impacto na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS). Estudos sobre os efeitos de uma possível interação entre sexo e obesidade são escassos. O objetivo do presente trabalho é estimar a interação biológica entre gênero e obesidade na QVRS. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com base em dados do estudo CAMELIA da população atendida pelo Programa Médico de Família de Niterói que ocorreu entre junho de 2006 e dezembro de 2007. A QVRS foi avaliada pelo SF-36. As variáveis de exposição foram: mulheres obesas, mulheres não obesas, homens obesos e homens não obesos, a categoria de referência. As mulheres obesas apresentaram maiores percentuais de baixa qualidade de vida global, física e mental com as maiores associações no componente físico. O excesso de risco devido à interação foi estatisticamente significativo na dimensão física: RERI = 1,97 (0,40-3,52) e RERIa = 1,97 (0,40-1,7). A obesidade na população brasileira com idade entre 20-64 anos foi associada com baixa QVRS. Esta associação difere por sexo, sendo significativa para as mulheres. A possibilidade de um efeito combinado assume maior importância no contexto da crescente incidência de obesidade no mundo. Os profissionais de saúde de atenção primária devem considerar as diferenças de gênero no impacto da obesidade sobre a QVRS.

Study on the nucleic acid of E. coli bacteriophage with broad host range and its sterilization effect to sewage samples from the environment / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the change of nucleic acid sequence and the germicidal effect of an E. coli bacteriophage with broad host range isolated from hospital sewage as well as to study the mechanism of phage host specificity and the effect of killed bacteria by phage-disinfectant to the samples from sewage water.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To extract the nucleic acid from phage f(2) and phage with broad host range using anti-serum-carbamidine hydrochloride assay. Purity with agarose gel electrophoresis was then evaluated. Differences of nucleic acid sequence between phage f(2) and phage with broad host range with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR were also comparing and analysed. Through observing the germicidal test of phage f(2) and phage with broad host range to samples from environment, different sterilization effects between the two phages were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Analystic test for nucleic acid revealed that the two phages both belonged to 6000 bp, single-stranded RNA bacteriophage. Significant differences in their specificity of RAPD-PCR and RT-PCR were found during the changed of host range; with 26 RAPD-cDNA differential fragments found that in two phages RAPD-PCR products. The RT-PCR product of phage f(2) was 450 bp cDNA fragment, but the phage with broad host range did not show PCR product. Treating the sewage water with phage under broad host range, the germicidal test showed that the cleaning rate of E. coli bacteria and phage f(2) in water samples from environment could reach 36.75% - 56.28%, 30.84% - 47.96%, 19.19% - 35.06% and 13.05% - 27.85%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The cleaning rates to E. coli and bacteria by phage with broad host range were obviously higher than phage f(2) (P = 0.000). Analytic test for nucleic acid indicated that host-specific lytic effect of phage with broad host range had been changed at genetic level.</p>

Factors affecting in vitro production of buffalo embryos

The present study was designed to examine the influence of oocyte quality, culture media and gonadotropins on cleavage rate and development of in vitro fertilized buffalo Oocytes. Three experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1; oocytes were classified by number of cumulus cell layers and morphology of the oopbsm as Good, Fair or Poor. Oocytes were cultured for IVM, IVF and IVC in CRlaa medium. In Experiment 2, good quality oocytes were cultured for maturation in: [1] CR1aa; [2] CR2aa; [3] TCM-199; [4] MEM and [5] RPMI-1640, and then fertilized using frozen thawed buffalo spermatozoa in CRlaa. After fertilization, oocytes were cultured in the same medium used for maturation. In Experiment 3, oocytes were classified into 3 groups: Group [1] without gonadotropin and served as control; Group [2] in which IVM medium was supplemented with 10 micro g/ml FSH; Group [3] in which IVM medium was supplemented with 10 IU /ml PMSG. In all experiments, oocytes were kept at 38.5°C under 5% CO[2] for IVM, IVF, IVC and examined for cleavage and embryo development rates on day 3 and 8, respectively. Good and fair quality oocytes produced a higher [P <0.01] cleavage rate than poor quality oocytcs. Morula production rate was also higher [P < 0.01] for good as compared to fair quality oocytes. Embryo development with poor quality oocytcs was arrested at the 2 to 16-cell stage. In, Experiment 2, the cleavage rate was significantly higher [P < 0.05] in CR1aa than CR2aa. and significantly higher [P < 0.01] than TCM-199, MEM and RPMI-1640. The numbers of morulae and blastocysts were higher [P < 0.01] for oocytes cultured in CR1aa and CR2aa media than TCM-199 or MEM. In Experiment 3, the addition of FSH or PMSG to the maturation medium significantly increased [P < 0.01] cleavage and developmental rates of buffalo embryo compared to control media. In conclusion, the IVM of good quality buffalo oocytes in CR1aa or CR2aa medium and the addition of FSH or PMSG in maturation medium produced higher cleavage and developmental rates of IVF buffalo embryos

Detection and characterization of verotoxin-producing strains among sorbitol non-fermenting Escherichia coli

The presence of genes for verotoxin 1 and 2 [VT1 and 2] among sorbitol non-fermenting Escherichia coli isolates from diarrhoeal cases was assessed using polymerase chain reaction assay. Of 60 [88%] positive isolates, 37 [62%] harboured VT1 and 23 [38%] both VT1 and VT2. In HeLa cell adherence assay, 48 [71%] isolates exhibited mannose-resistant adherence to HeLa cells. Multidrug resistance was observed in 56 [82%] isolates, with ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and tetracycline pattern being the most common. There were 13 common and 22 single biochemical phenotypes identified. Isolates belonging to common biochemical phenotypes normally had a similar pattern of adherence and VT production, but differed greatly in their pattern of antibiotic resistance, pointing to a high rate of antibiotic-resistance transfer among these isolates

Antibiotic resistance and transfer of R. factor in some clinical isolates

The sensitivity of 26 E. coli isolates recovered from the diarrheal cases at paediatric patient outclinic Kasr EI-Aini Hospital in addition to one E. coli K[I2] standard strain against 9 different antibiotics was investigated. The number of strains that produced heat stable and heat labile enterotoxin compared with the total number of strains were recorded. The transfer of multiple resistance factors [R. factors] of wild strains of E. coli to the new mutants which was obtained after conjugation with E. coli K[I2] was recorded. The resistance to Ampicillin, Rifampicin, Cefalixin, Kanamycin, Polymixin and Nalidixic acid were transferred from wild strains to mutants with a percentage of nearly 100%. The resistance to Ampicillin, Kanamycin, Polymixin and nalidixic acid became 100% for heat stable producing strains compared with 30%, 20%, 40% and 10%, respectively before conjugation. The resistance to Ampicillin and Kanamycin increased for heat labile producing strains to 100% compared with 83.3% and 33.3% before conjugation. The high percentage of drug resistance may be attributed to transfer of conjugative plasmids

Estrategias educativas para el conocimiento de la fertilidad en población Quechua-Migrante / Educational strategies for the knowledge of the fertility in Quechuan population Migrant

El proceso de elaboración de estrategias aducativas en fertilidad, hatenido como punto de partida la participación activa de los potenciales beneficiarios (parejas de origen quechua asentados en barrios periurbanos de la ciudad de Sucre. Se implementa asi un trabajo análitico partiendo de conocimientos empíricos de la gente común. El obfetivo es tomar el saber y práctica de los grupos de base como punto de partida, sistematizarla y enriqueserla

Factores biomédicos que determinan la fertilidad en la altura / Biomedical factors that determine fertility at high altitude

La fecundidad de las mujeres de una sociedad está condicionada por factores culturales, socioeconómicos, religiosos y biológicos. Aquí se enfocarán las variables biomédicas que influencian la fertilidad en la altura. Entre estas variables tenemos la edad de menarquia, la edad de menopausia y el intervalo intergenésico por la lactancia materna. La menarquia está retarda en su presentación en las pobladoras de altura mientras que la menopausia se presenta a edades más tempranas. Esto implica que el período de vida reproductiva es más corto en la altura que a nivel del mar; así la vida reproductiva a nivel del mar tiene una duración de 35.4 años mientras que en Cerro de Pasco (4340 m) 30.6 años. Este hallazgo es sorprendente pues se observa una situación donde la Tasa Global de Fecundidad está grandemente elevada a pesar que la longitud de vida reproductiva está acortada. Una alta Tasa Global de Fecundidad puede deberse tanto a un inicio temprano de la maternidad como a espacios intergenésicos cortos. La tasa de embarazos en adolescentes fue similar en la altura como en nivel del mar por lo que la explicación de la alta Tasa Global de Fecundidad en la altura debe estar en los espacios intergenésicos cortos. Nuestros resultados demuestran que el espacio intergenésico disminuye conforme se incrementa la altitud de la residencia. El espacio intergenésico depende de la duración de la lactancia, sobretodo en aquellas poblaciones como la nuestra que tienen baja cobertura de contracepción postparto. La duración de la lactancia es similar a nivel del mar y en la altura, sin embargo el porcentaje de mujeres que se embarazan durante la lactancia aumenta con la altitud de residencia. Considerando que la edad de inicio de la primera maternidad es similar a nivel del mar en la altura, y que la duración de la lactancia es similar entre ambas poblaciones,y que la paridad es significativamente mayor en la altura, a pesar de que ambas poblaciones estudiadas no usan métodos contraceptivos, se concluye que la fertilidad esté elevada en la altura no sólo por factores culturales o sociales sino también debido a factores biomédicos probablemente influenciados por el medio ambiente, y que determinan una mayor eficiencia reproductiva a un medio adverso, como mecanismo de adaptación a la altura.

Male factors in infertile couples of upper Egypt

A total number of 250 cases of infertile couples were recruited and studied at the Infertility Clinic in El-Menia University Hospital. Male factors only were found in 16% of cases [40 cases], female factors were responsible [74 couples] and 17.6% of cases was diagnosed as unexplained infertility. Detailed studies of male factors showed 33 cases of genital tract infection, 36 cases idiopathic, 19 cases varicocele and testicular damage in 13 cases, six obstructive cases, four immunological cases and three cases of maldescent

Seleçao da populaçao masculina fertil atraves dos testes de penetraçao espermatica no muco cervical bovino e na clara do ovo / Selection of fertile male population throug spermatic penetration on bovine cervical mucus and egg albumin

A analise do fator masculino em oitenta e dois testes de penetraçao espermatica, no muco cercical bovino (TMCB) e na clara do ovo (TCO), mostrou que o TMCB e o TCO normais identificaram, ao longo do tempo, com significativa precisao, a populaçao de casais ferteis