Microbiological contamination in digital radiography: evaluation at the radiology clinic of an educational institution / Contaminação microbiológica em radiografias digitais: avaliação da clínica de radiologia de uma instituição de ensino

The aim of this study was to evaluate the contamination rate of intraand extraoral digital Xray equipment in a dental radiology clinic at a public educational institution. Samples were collected on three different days, at two times in the day: in the morning, before attending patients, and at the end of the day, after appointment hours and before cleaning and disinfection procedures. Samples were collected from the periapical Xray machine (tube head, positioning device, control panel and activator button), the panoramic Xray machine (temporal support, bite block, control panel and activator button), the intraoral digital system (sensor), and the digital system computers (keyboard and mouse). The samples were seeded in different culture media, incubated, and colonyforming units (CFU/mL) counted. Biochemical tests were performed for suspected colonies of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Gramnegative bacilli (GNB). Fungi were visually differentiated into filamentous fungi and yeasts. The results indicated the growth of fungi and Staphylococcus from all sampling locations. GNB growth was observed from all sites sampled from the intraoral Xray equipment. On the panoramic unit, GNB growth was observed in samples from activator button, keyboard and mouse. In general, a higher number of CFU/mL was present before use. It can be concluded that more stringent protocols are needed to control infection and prevent Xray exams from acting as vehicle for cross contamination.

O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar o índice de contaminação dos equipamentos de radiografias digitais intra e extrabucais da clínica de radiologia odontológica de uma instituição pública de ensino. As amostras foram coletadas em três dias distintos, em dois momentos: pela manhã, antes dos atendimentos clínicos, e ao final do dia, após os atendimentos e antes dos procedimen tos de limpeza e desinfecção. As amostras foram coletadas do aparelho de raios X periapical (cabeçote, braço articular, painel de controle e botão disparador); do aparelho de raios X panorâmico (apoio temporal, bloco de mordida, painel de controle e botão disparador); do sistema digital intrabucal (sensor); dos computadores dos sistemas digitais (teclado emouse). As amostras foram semeadas em diferentes meios de cultura e, após incubação, foram contadas as unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC/mL). Testes bioquímicos foram realizados para colônias suspeitas de Staphylococcus, Streptococcus e bastonetes Gram negativos(BGN). Os fungos foram diferenciados visualmente em fungos filamentosos e leveduras. Os resultados indicaram crescimento de fungos e Staphylococcus em todos os locais amostrados. Em relação aos BGN, houve crescimento em todos os locais coletados do equipamento radiográfico intrabucal. No aparelho panorâmico, houve crescimento de BGN apenas no botão disparador, teclado e mouse. De maneira geral, houve maior número de UFC/mL antes do uso. Pode se concluir que é necessário implantar protocolos mais rigorosos de controle de infecção na prática radiológica, evitando que a obtenção de exames radiográficos seja um veículo para contaminação cruzada na FO/UFJF.

Microbiological analysis of radiographic films and tubes in private and public dental radiographic centres in Yazd [2001]

In dental radiography, there are specific potentials to transmit infection. The goal of this research was to investigate radiographic films and tubes microbiologically in private and pudic dental radiographic centres in the city of Yazd. In this cross-sectional descriptive study [2001], all 13 public and private centres with totally 21 dental radiography machines were investigated. First, sample was collected from different areas of radiography tubes and films' covers by a sterile wetswap. All samples were kept in Tayoglycolate culture media and then put in 37°C incubator in microbiology laboratory. The cloudiness was checked every 24 hours. Data were analyzed using Extended Fisher test. In samples collected from public radiography centres, microbial infections with pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Aspergillus niger and alkagenous were detected probably resulted from hospital infections and healthy carries among hospital personnel. In private centres infections with microbes such as Neisseria sicca, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis were detected, a probable consequence of normal flora in the environment. Films' covers in public centres were infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hemolyticus, Neisseriasicca and Staphylococcus epidermidis probably due to contact with healthy carriers. The methods applied in Yazd radiographic centres, especially the public ones, are completely different from the standards recommended by ADA and CDC. Therefore, our society is definitely exposed to cross-sectional infections along radiographic clinics

Avaliaçäo microbiológica de soluçöes desinfetantes e barreiras protetoras, usadas como meio de controle de infecçäo nos procedimentos radiográficos em Odontologia / Microbiologic study of desinfectant solutions and protector barriers, used for infection control in the radiographic procedures in Dentistry

Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar, através de testes microbiológicos, a efetividade de soluçöes desinfetantes e barreiras mecânicas usadas para controle de infecçäo durante os procedimentos radiográficos em Odontologia. As soluçöes testadas foram: álcool 70 por cento (p/v); hipoclorito de sódio 1 por cento - liquido de Milton; Germpol Plus - fenóis, as quais foram friccionadas com gazes estéreis durante 30 segundos em ambos os lados dos filmes radiográficos intrabucais Kodak EP-21P e Agfa Dentus M2 Comfort. As barreiras usadas foram: filme de polietileno - LAFRApack; filme de PVC - FACILpack; e sacos plásticos transparentes, pequenos, vendidos a granel. Para os testes microbiológicos foram usados vários meios de cultura, incubaçäo em aerobiose e anaerobiose, e bactérias do tipo Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis e Escherichia coli. Também foi realizado teste com microorganismo menor que as bactérias acima relacionadas, sendo utilizados bacteriófagos (fagos), que têm entre 50 e 70 mm. Com esses vírus de bactéria, testaram-se somente as barreiras...