Incidencia de fracturas dentales verticales reportadas en la Ciudad de Chihuahua y su relación con la evolución de la pandemia por COVID-19 / Incidence of vertical dental fractures reported in Chihuahua City and its relationship with the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic

Durante la pandemia por COVID-19, la presencia de un incremento de fracturas y/o fisuras verticales ha sido reportada por Cirujanos Dentistas en diferentes países y foros, Objetivo: Determinar por medio de un análisis si existe una relación con este aumento de casos y la evolu- ción de la pandemia. Material y método: Se recopilaron los casos de fracturas verticales no restaurables durante el periodo de mayor índice de casos de contagio y defunciones por COVID-19 en la Ciudad de Chihuahua, México. Resultados: Durante el primer pico de casos y defunciones causadas por la pandemia, se incrementó el número de casos de fracturas verticales no tratables. Conclusiones: Existió una relación entre la evolución de la pandemia con la aparición de casos de fracturas dentales verticales no restaurables (AU)

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the presence of an increase in fractures and/or vertical fissures has been reported by Dental Surgeons in different countries and forums. Objective: To determine through an analysis, if there is a relationship with this increase in cases and the evolution of the pandemic. Material and methods: The cases of non-restorable vertical fractures were collected during the period of highest rate of cases of contagion and deaths due to COVID-19 in the City of Chihuahua, Mexico. Results: during the 1st peak of cases and deaths caused by the pandemic, the number of cases of untreatable vertical fractures increased. Conclusions: There was a relationship between the evolution of the pandemic and the appearance of cases of non-restorable vertical dental fractures (AU)

Incidencia de fracturas dentales reportadas en la Ciudad de Chihuahua durante la pandemia por COVID-19 / Incidence of dental fractures reported in Chihuahua city during COVID-19 pandemic

Se presentan los casos de fracturas verticales sintomáticos que ameritaron la extracción de las órganos dentales afectados en un periodo de cinco meses durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en la ciudad de Chihuahua, México. Material y métodos: Se recolectaron 26 muestras para el estudio, proporcionadas por los cirujanos dentistas integrantes del Grupo de Egresados de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. Resultados: Los resultados muestran diferencias a lo reportado previamente respecto al tipo de diente involucrado, sexo de los pacientes, restauraciones coronales y tratamientos endodóncicos previos. Conclusiones: Se puede suponer que las modificaciones en el estilo de vida de la población, sumadas a la angustia permanente, pueden ser factores que contribuyen a las fracturas dentales (AU)

There are cases of symptomatic vertical fractures that warranted the extraction of affected teeth are presented, over a period of five months during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chihuahua City, Mexico. Material and methods: 26 samples were collected for the study, provided by the dentist who were members of the Graduate Group of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Autonomous University of Chihuahua. Results: The results show differences from what was previously reported regarding the type of tooth involved, sex of patients, coronal restorations and previous endodontic treatments. Conclusions: It can be assumed that changes in the lifestyle of the population, added to permanent distress, may be factors to preserve dental fractures (AU)

Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes portadores de fissuras labiopalatinas em serviço de referência no Distrito Federal / Epidemiological profile of patients with cleft lip and palate in a reference service in the Federal District

Introdução: As fissuras labiopalatinas são as malformações congênitas mais comuns dentre as que ocorrem na cabeça e pescoço, e se devem à falha de fusão dos processos faciais embrionários durante as primeiras 12 semanas de gestação. Sua apresentação fenotípica é variada e com diferentes níveis de complexidade. O objetivo é determinar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes portadores de fissuras labiopalatinas atendidos no Hospital Regional da Asa Norte (HRAN) quanto a sexo, tipo de fissura, lateralidade, idade, presença de síndromes associadas e procedimentos cirúrgicos corretivos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo retrospectivo no qual foram analisados 322 prontuários de pacientes atendidos pela equipe do HRAN no período de agosto de 2013 a julho de 2017. Os dados colhidos foram lançados em planilha Excel e submetidos à análise estatística. O trabalho foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa. Resultados: Dos 322 pacientes atendidos no serviço, 169 eram do sexo masculino (52,48%). O tipo de fissura mais frequente foi a transforâmica (65,25%). Com relação à lateralidade, observou-se maior predomínio da fissura à esquerda (20,50%). Apenas 19% dos pacientes possuem malformações associadas. A queiloplastia foi a correção cirúrgica mais realizada pelo serviço (54%). A idade dos pacientes variou de 1 ano até 53 anos, com mediana de 1,87 anos. Conclusão: O estudo contribuiu com informações importantes para a sociedade, governo e profissionais envolvidos no tratamento. Em consonância com a literatura, observou-se que a fissura mais prevalente foi a transforâmica unilateral esquerda e a cirurgia mais realizada foi a queiloplastia.

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate, the most common congenital malformations of the head and neck, result from fusion failure of embryonic facial processes during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Their phenotypic presentation varies and involves different levels of complexity. The objective is to determine the epidemiological profile of patients with cleft lip and palate treated at the Hospital Regional da Asa Norte regarding sex, cleft type, laterality, age, presence of associated syndromes, and corrective surgical procedures. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study of 322 medical records of patients treated by the HRAN team from August 2013 to July 2017. The data collected were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and submitted to statistical analysis. The study received ethical approval. Results: Of the 322 patients enrolled in the service, 169 were male (52.48%). The most frequent type of cleft was the trans-foramen (65.25%). With regard to laterality, a higher prevalence of cleft was observed on the left (20.50%). Only 19% of the patients had associated malformations. Cheiloplasty was the most frequent surgical correction performed by service (54%). The age of the patients was 1­53 years (median, 1.87 years). Conclusion: The study contributes information important to society, government, and treatment professionals. In line with the literature, the more prevalent cleft was unilateral left trans-foramen and the most frequent surgery was cheiloplasty.

Aspects épidemiologiques des anomalies dentaires chez les enfants porteurs de syndrome de down au CNHU-HKM de Cotonou

Le syndrome de Down expose à plusieurs anomalies dont des problèmes dentaires. Ces problèmes dentaires très fréquents sont très peu étudiés chez les enfants porteurs de syndrome de Down suivis au CNHU. C'est pour combler ce vide que cette étude a été initiée. Elle avait pour objectif d'étudier les anomalies dentaires chez les enfants porteurs de syndrome de Down en Pédiatrie au CNHU de Cotonou. Méthode : Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective, descriptive et analytique conduite sur des enfants reçus en consultation de génétique médicale sur la période de janvier à septembre 2017. Chaque enfant bénéficiait d'un examen clinique avec ou sans réalisation de la panoramique dentaire. Les données collectées étaient sociodémographiques, cliniques et paracliniques. Résultats : Au total, 38 enfants porteurs de syndrome de Down ont été inclus. L'hygiène buccodentaire était mauvaise chez 60,5% des enfants et était caractérisée par la présence de tartre et d'enduits sur les dents. Les enfants avaient une gencive saine dans 84,2% des cas. Une carie était observée chez 18,4% des enfants. Conclusion : Les anomalies dentaires sont fréquentes chez les enfants porteurs de syndrome de Down suivis en pédiatrie au CNHU de Cotonou. Un dépistage systématique de ces anomalies dentaires devra être mis en place pour une prise en charge globale de ces enfants

Acciones Terapéuticas Actuales en Caries Profunda. Revisión / Current therapeutic options for treating Deep Carious lesions: a review

Esta revisión analiza el manejo de caries dentinaria profunda, considerando los eventos histiofisiológicos y biomoleculares del complejo dentino pulpar en dientes permanentes. Se destacan recursos clínicos para evaluar el grado de progresión de la lesión y guiar la remoción de caries. Se describen la Protección Pulpar Indirecta, la Técnica de eliminación de caries en etapas y la Remoción parcial de caries presentando casos clínicos realizados en Clínica Integrada II de la Facultad de Odontología Universidad de la República (Uruguay), con sus seguimientos. Estos tratamientos sencillos y de bajo costo, al alcance de todos los clínicos, disminuyen significativamente las exposiciones pulpares. El éxito de estas acciones terapéuticas depende de una adecuada selección del caso, de la integridad de la restauración y del seguimiento dentro de un plan preventivo integral.

This review analyzes how to treat deep carious lesions taking into consideration histophysiologic and biomolecular events of the dentin-pulp complex in permanent teeth. We focus on clinical resources to assess the degree of lesion progression and to guide the removal of carious lesions. Indirect pulp treatment, Stepwise excavation and Partial caries removal are described by presenting clinical cases, and their follow-ups, led by students of Integrated Clinic II of the School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República- Uruguay. These simple and inexpensive treatments are available to all clinicians and significantly decrease the number of pulp exposures. The success of these therapeutic options depends on the proper selection of cases and on the integrity of the restoration within a comprehensive preventive plan.

Expansión rápida palatina con asistencia quirúrgica en paciente adulto con secuelas de labio y paladar fisurado / Rapid expansion palatina surgical assistance in cleft lip and palate patient

La fisura labio palatina es una malformación congénita que afecta al paciente y a su familia de muchas maneras, por lo que se requiere la intervención multidisciplinaria de diversas áreas de la salud. Esta condición causa problemas estéticos, fonéticos, auditivos, maloclusiones, anomalías y ausencias dentarias, colapso trasversal del maxilar y compromisos afectivos. Las deficiencias transversales son comunes en este tipo de pacientes (1). La expansión maxilar es necesaria en el tratamiento de estos pacientes (2) (3). La combinación ortodóntica-quirúrgica nos ayuda para expandir el maxilar en adultos. El proceso consiste en el corte de la sutura palatina media, seguida de la aplicación de un tornillo hyrax para conseguir la expansión (4).

The cleft lip is a congenital malformation that affects the patient and his family in many ways, so that multidisciplinary intervention in various areas of health is required. This malformation causes besides physical problems and cosmetics, phonics, hearing problems, malocclusions, anomalies and missing teeth, maxillary transverse collapse, emotional and psychological problems. Maxillary expansion often necessary to treat these patients. Orthodontic-surgical combination helps us to expand the maxilla in adults. The process involves cutting the mid palatal suture followed by application of a Hyrax screw to achieve expansion. The separation of the suture is confirmed with an oclusal radiograph and the presence of a diastema between the maxillary central incisors.

Comparison of microleakage between flowable nanocomposite, flowable Composite and Conventional sealant in fissure sealant therapy of the permanent teeth: an in- vitro study

Background and Aim: Novel dental materials including nanocomposites have been introduced in recent years. It is claimed that they have superior properties such as high esthetic, low wear, increased filler content resulting in better mechanical properties, and releasing ions i.e. fluoride and amorphous calcium phosphate that are important for enamel remineralization. Considering these features, if they have retention and microleakage rates comparable with conventional sealants, these materials can be appropriate alternatives to conventional resin sealants in future

The current study aimed at comparing . microleakage of a flowable nanocomposite, a flowable composite, and a conventional sealant in fissure sealant therapy of the permanent teeth

Materials and Methods: First of all ,42 extracted sound human maxillary first premolars were collected and were randomly divided into 3 equal groups. Then the teeth were embedded in self-cure acrylic resin

Occlusal fissures of the samples were cleaned using explorer, enameloplasty with ¼ round diamond bur and water/air spray was done. The prepared surfaces were etched using 36% phosphoric acid gel for 15s, rinsed and dried. Bonding agent was placed in the pits and fissures, cured for 10s after thinning with air. In the first, second, and the third group conventional sealant, flowable composite, and flowable nanocomposite were placed, respectively; and light cured for 40s. The samples were thermocycled [1000 cycles between 5-55C] and then immersed in 2% basic Fuchsine solution for 24hs. They were then cut bucculingually and microleakage evaluation was done using stereomicroscope. The obtained data was analyzed using Kruskal wallis tests

Results: There was no significant difference in microleakage rate of the study groups. [P>0.05]

Conclusion: Considering the condition of the study, it can be concluded that flowable composite and flowable nanocomposite can be used as suitable alternatives to conventional sealants in fissure sealant therapy of the permanent teeth

Epidemiological features of patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate in Western Parana

Aim: : To describe the clinical, demographic and environmental features associated with NSCL/P(nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate) patients born in western Parana state, Brazil. Methods: Thiscross-sectional, observational, retrospective study included 188 patients attended at the Associationof Carriers of Cleft Lip and Palate - APOFILAB, Cascavel-Parana, between 2012 and 2014.Information on demographic characteristics, medical and dental histories and life style factors wereobtained from records and personal interviews. Results: Among the 188 patients, cleft lip and palate(CLP) was the most frequent subtype (55.8%), followed by cleft lip only (CLO, 25.0%) and cleft palateonly (CPO, 19.2%). Caucasian males were the most affected, although no differences among typesof cleft were observed. The otorhinolaryngologic and respiratory alterations were the most frequentsystemic alterations in NSCL/P patients, and more than 80% of the NSCL/P mothers reported novitamin supplements during the first trimester of pregnancy. Conclusions: This study revealed thatthe prevalence of nonsyndromic oral cleft types in this cohort was quite similar to previously reportedprevalence rates. Systemic alterations were identified among 23.4% of the patients and patientswith CLP were the most affected. History of maternal exposition to environmental factors related tononsyndromic oral clefts was frequent and most mothers reported no vitamin supplements duringthe pregnancy. This study highlights the importance of identifying systemic alterations and riskfactors associated with NSCL/P in the Brazilian population for planning comprehensive strategiesand integrated actions for the development of preventive programs and treatment.

Correção cirúrgica da macrostomia congênita unilateral e bilateral: relato de casos e revisão da literatura / Surgical correction of unilateral and bilateral congenital macrostomia: a case report and literature review

INTRODUÇÃO: A incidência da microssomia craniofacial é de 1 em 5600 nascidos vivos. É a segunda anomalia craniofacial mais comum após as fissuras labiais e palatinas. A fissura número 7 está associada entre 17 a 62% dos casos de microssomia hemifacial e começa na comissura labial, podendo prolongar-se até a linha capilar pré-auricular. As deformidades da orelha externa vão desde excesso de pele pré-auricular até ausência completa da orelha. A comissuroplastia está indicada em pacientes com macrostomia ou fissura facial lateral verdadeira. O objetivo é demonstrar dois casos de macrostomia e fazer uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema. MÉTODOS: Em nosso estudo descrevemos dois casos de macrostomia tratados com retalhos de mucosa e plástica em Z. RESULTADOS: Obtivemos um ótimo reposicionamento das comissuras nos dois pacientes, com excelente resultado estético. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica utilizada é de fácil reprodutibilidade e corrige a macrostomia estética e funcionalmente.

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of craniofacial microsomia is 1 in 5600 live births. This is the second most common craniofacial anomaly after cleft lip and palate. Tessier cleft 7 is associated with 17% to 62% of cases of hemifacial microsomia. It begins on the labial commissure and may extend to the pre-auricular capillary line. Deformities of the external ear range from excessive pre-auricular skin to complete absence of the ear. Commissuroplasty is indicated in patients with macrostomia or true lateral facial cleft. The objective is to present two cases of macrostomia and perform a review of related literature. METHODS: In this study, we describe two cases of macrostomia treated with mucous flaps and zetaplasty. RESULTS: We obtained optimal repositioning of labial commissures in two patients, with excellent aesthetic results. CONCLUSION: The technique used is easily reproducible, and aesthetically and functionally corrects macrostomia.

Avaliação de fraturas radiculares em imagens digitais com variações de angulagens / Evaluation of root fracture using digital images with angular

O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a influência da variação da angulagem horizontal no diagnóstico de FRVs em dentes tratados endodonticamente. Vinte e dois pré-molares permanentes com raízes retas e ápices formados foram divididos em grupos: Grupo 01(controle): dois dentes, um deles com núcleo intrarradicular; Grupo 2: dez dentes com fratura; Grupo 3: dez dentes com fratura e núcleo intrarradicular. As amostras foram submetidas a testes de compressão com uma carga de 200 kg a uma velocidade de 0,5 mm / min. Radiografias periapicais foram obtidas (70 kVp, 10 mA, e tempo de exposição de 0,3 seg.) pelo Sistema Digora® em ângulos horizontais, na direção orto radial e com uma mudança de ângulo de 25º para a direita e para a esquerda. As imagens foram avaliadas por cinco endodontistas. O diagnóstico de dentes fraturados e não fraturados foi maior para o 1.º pré-molar (51,66%) que para o 2.º (43,1%). A presença de fratura vertical foi registrada em 60,9% e 66,7% para o 1.º e 2.º prémolares, respectivamente. A presença de fratura mostra associação estatisticamente significante com a presença de núcleo intrarradicular e a variação de angulagem no 2.º pré-molar (p-valor = 0,011). Esses resultados sugerem que variações na angulagem horizontal podem otimizar o diagnóstico de FRVs... (AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of changing horizontal angle during periapical radiography on the diagnosis of VRFs in endodontically treated teeth. Twenty-two single-rooted premolars with straight root canals and apex formation were divided into groups: Group 1 (control) - two non-fractured teeth, one of them with intraradicular post; Group 2 - ten fractured teeth; and Group 3 - ten fractured teeth with intraradicular post. Specimens were subjected to compression testing with a load of 200 kg at a speed of 0.5 mm/min. Periapical radiographs were obtained (70 kVp, 10mA, and 0.3 sec exposure time) in a Digora™ system at horizontal angles in the orthoradial direction and with a 25º angle shift to the right and to the left. Images were evaluated by five endodontists. The diagnosis of fractured and non-fractured roots was higher for the first premolar (51.6%) than for the second premolar (43.1%). The presence of VRFs was recorded in 60.9% of cases for the first premolar, and in 66.7% for the second premolar. Presence of VRFs showed a statistically significant association with presence of intraradicular post and angle variation in the second premolar (p=0.011). These results suggest that changes in horizontal angulation, may optimize the diagnosis of VRFs... (AU)

Características de las “otras formas” de Nagano de fosas y fisuras de molares temporales / Features of other shapes of Nagano of pit and fissures in primary molars

En la literatura existen reportes sobre las diversas formas de las fosas y fisuras demolares permanentes y premolares. Se conocen las características de éstas y se da por hecho que las estructuras dentales son semejantes en ambas denticiones. Por lo que es necesario abordar el estudio de las características del esmalte de la dentición temporal. Objetivo: Cuantificar la frecuencia de cada forma y profundidad de fosas y fisuras de molares temporales de la clasificación de Nagano. Material y métodos: En un estudio observacional descriptivo ex vivo se analizó una muestra obenida por donación de 101 cortes correspondientes a 67 coronas de molares temporales sin cariesconservadas en agua destilada, pertenecientes a niños mexicanos aparentemente sanos. Las va riables forma y profundidad se identificaron al microscopio estereoscópico por un solo observador (k=.8624). El grosor de los cortes obtenidos por el método de desgaste midieron en promedio 5mm. Resultados: El 28.71% de las fosas y fisuras identificadas corresponden al grupo 5 Características de las “otras formas” de Nagano de fosas y fisuras de molares temporales Features of “other shapes” of Nagano of pit and fissures in primary molars Artículo Original Esther Vaillard Jiménez 1 Enrique E.Huitzil Muñoz Aída Ortega Cambranis 3 S. Abril García Damián 41 Maestra en Estomatología Pediátrica. FEBUAP (México) 2 Maestro en Educación Superior. FEBUAP (México) 3 Maestra en Fisiología. FEBUAP (México) 4 Alumna egresada de la Maestría en C’s estomatológicas en Pediátrica Facultad de Estomatología de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla.

In literature there are reports on the various forms of pits and fissures of permanent molars and pre molars. Their characteristics are known and it is assumed that dental structures are similar in both dentitions. So it is necessary to approach the study of the characteristics of the enamel in primary teeth. Objective: to quantify the frequency of each shape and depth of pits and fissures of molars under the Nagano classification. Material and methods: in an ex vivo observational study a sample obtained by donation of 101 courts to 67 crowns for primary molars without decay preserved in distilled ware is analyzed, this sample belongs to Mexican children with an apparent healthy shape and depth, variables were identified under the stereomicroscope by a single observer (k=8624) The thickness of the slices obtained by the method of wear measured on average o.5 mm. Results: 28.71% of the pits and fissures identified relate to group 5 Nagano. Forms were recognized: flask=4.95%, II=3.96% =3.96 Globe, drop= 3.96% = 2.97%inverted Y, delta = 2.97% and trilobulada= 2.97% zone. According to the depth were identified as medium depth = 48.51%. Deep and surface = 33.66 = 17.82%. Conclusion: There is great variety in the shape and depth of pits and fissures of molars enamel. The high percentage of undescribed forms by Nagano proves to be addressed as a research problem of morph-histological characteristics of the primary dentition.

Clasificación de las alteraciones cefalogénicas desde una visión integradora craneomaxilofacial / Classification of cephalogenic alterations from a craneomaxilofacial integrative visión

Introducción: las clasificaciones sobre las alteraciones cefalogénicas presentan una gran dispersión debido a la multiplicidad de especialidades médicas que intervienen en la región de la cabeza. Objetivo: describir las clasificaciones más relevantes de las malformaciones craneofaciales y proponer una nueva clasificación. Métodos: se realizó un estudio mixto, hermenéutico y cuantitativo descriptivo, durante el cual se analizó la producción de clasificaciones sobre este tema en la Web of Sciences en el periodo comprendido desde 1992 hasta 2012. Luego de seleccionar 263 artículos que trataban este tema se estudiaron 22 de ellos en los que proponían clasificaciones o modificaciones al respecto. Se estudió la región anatómica, el tipo de clasificación, el tipo de malformación que describe y la revista de publicación. Resultados: hubo predominio del tipo de clasificación morfogénica en el 60 porciento, el tipo de malformación mayormente clasificada fue por defecto (fisuras e hipoplasias) en 72 por ciento y la revista con mayor representación de publicaciones sobre clasificaciones de alteraciones cefalogénicas fue TheJournal of Craniofacial Surgery donde se publicaron el 44 por ciento de ellas. Se propuso una clasificación integradora morfo-fisiopatológica y se analizó su validación interna y externa. Conclusiones: se demostró la ausencia de una clasificación que agrupara todas las malformaciones cefalogénicas, que incluyera a todas sus regiones anatómicas y tipos de malformaciones. La clasificación propuesta podría ser de utilidad para las especialidades médicas y estomatológicas afines a esta región anatómica(AU)

Introduction: classifications on cephalic alterations have great dispersion secondary to diversity of medical specialties involved in head region. Objective: to describe relevant classifications in craniofacial malformations and recommend a new classification. Method: was carried out a mixed study: hermeneutic and quantitative descriptive, to analyze the production of this kind of classifications on the Web of Sciences during the years 1992 to 2012. As result 263 papers was find on this topic and 22 papers were selected because provided classifications or modifications in this respect. This research analyzed the anatomical region, the classification type, the type of malformation and the magazine of publication. Results: there was a prevalence of the type of morphogenic classification in 60 percent, the mostly classified malformation type of by defect (fissures and hypoplasia) in 72 percent and the representative magazine of cephalic alterations classifications was the Journal of Craniofacial Surgery where 44 percent of them were published. An integrative morpho-physiopathologic classification was suggested and internal and external validation was analyzed. Conclusions: was demonstrated the absence of any classification that joined all the cephalic malformations of all the anatomical cephalic regions. The recommended classification would being of utility for medical and dentistry specialties related to this anatomical region(AU)

Evaluation of accuracy of DIAGNOdent in diagnosis of primary and secondary caries in comparison to conventional methods

Today the prevalence of teeth decays has considerably decreased. Related organizations and institutions mention several reasons for it such as improvement of decay diagnostic equipment and tools which are even capable of detecting caries in their initial stages. This resulted in reduction of costs for patients and remarkable increase in teeth life span. There are many methods for decay diagnostic, like: visual and radiographic methods, devices with fluorescence such as Quantitative light-induced fluorescence [QLF], Vista proof, Laser fluorescence [LF or DIAGNOdent], Fluorescence Camera [FC] and Digital radiography. Although DIAGNOdent is considered a valuable device for decay diagnostic, there are concerns regarding its efficacy and accuracy. Considering the sensitivity of decay diagnosis and the exorbitant annual expenses supported by government and people for caries treatment, finding the best method for early caries detection is of the most importance. Numerous studies were performed to compare different diagnostic methods with conflicting results. The objective of this study is a comparative review of the efficiency of DIAGNOdent in comparison to visual methods and radiographic methods in the diagnostic of teeth occlusal surfaces. Search of PubMed, Google Scholar electronic resources was performed in order to find clinical trials in English in the period between 1998 and 2013. Full texts of only 35 articles were available. Considering the sensitivity and specificity reported in the different studies, it seems that DIAGNOdent is an appropriate modality for caries detection as a complementary method beside other methods and its use alone to obtain treatment plan is not enough.

Comparative evaluation of marginal integrity of glass ionomer and resin based fissure sealants using invasive and non-invasive techniques: An in vitro study.

Background: Occlusal surfaces of the molars are highly susceptible to dental decay. Pit and fissure sealants are one of the best methods of preventing fissure caries. The main problem encountered is microleakage leading to deterioration of material and increased possibility of the development of secondary caries. Aims: To assess and compare the marginal integrity of glass ionomer (Fuji VII) and resin based (Clinpro) fissure sealants using invasive and non-invasive technique. Setting and Design: Experimental in-vitro study. Materials and Methods: An in-vitro study was conducted on 40 healthy, extracted premolars. The teeth were divided into 4 groups. Group I: Clinpro-invasive technique, group II: Clinpro-non-invasive technique, group III: Fuji VII-invasive technique, group IV: Fuji VII-non-invasive technique. Sealants were applied and subjected to an evaluation under SEM (scanning electron microscopy) for the width of the marginal gap. ANOVA (analysis of variance) and Duncan's multiple range tests were used for the statistical analysis. Results: The mean width of the marginal gap was 0.4089 μm in group I as compared to 3.0485 μm in group III; and the difference was statistically highly significant (P<0.001). In non-invasive technique, Clinpro and Fuji VII showed a mean marginal gap width of 0.4486 μm and 3.0485 μm, respectively. This difference was statistically highly significant at a P<0.001. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean widths between invasive and non-invasive techniques. Conclusion: Clinpro performed better in terms of marginal adaptation than did the Fuji VII sealant. The techniques (Invasive and non-invasive) does not influence the marginal integrity significantly.

Análise da oclusão dentária em crianças portadoras de fissura completa de lábio e palato / Analysis of dental occlusion in children with complete cleft lip and palate

As fissuras labiopalatinas alteram o crescimento e o desenvolvimento do complexo maxilo-mandibular, assim como todas as funções orofaciais. As cirurgias reparadoras primárias representam o maior agente modificador do crescimento maxilo-facial, de forma a restringi-lo. O sucesso do tratamento reabilitador do paciente fissurado depende da correta atuação de uma equipe multidisciplinar. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as condições oclusais em modelos de gesso de pacientes portadores de fissura labiopalatina completa, não sindrômicos, correlacionando o prognóstico ao tipo de fissura, fase de desenvolvimento da dentição, gênero e hospital de reabilitação cirúrgica. Utilizou-se 87 pares de modelos das arcadas dentárias de pacientes fissurados do Ambulatório da Disciplina de Prótese Buco Maxilo Facial da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo, que haviam sido submetidos às cirurgias reparadoras primárias em cronologia clássica (queiloplastia 3 a 6 meses e palatoplastia 18 meses), sem enxerto ósseo alveolar e/ou tratamento ortodôntico prévio. O grupo estudado foi composto de 57 pacientes com Fissura Labiopalatina unilateral, com idade média de 6 anos e 5 meses e 30 pacientes com Fissura Labiopalatina bilateral com idade média de 6 anos e 2 meses. Para a classificação dos modelos em gesso de fissurados unilaterais, foram utilizados o Índice de 5 anos e o Índice de Goslon, na dentição decídua e mista respectivamente, enquanto que para as fissuras bilaterais empregou-se o Índice de Bilateral. Os três índices referidos compreendem uma escala de 1 a 5, com grau crescente de severidade de má oclusão. Os modelos foram avaliados pelo pesquisador e mais 2 examinadores, em dois momentos distintos, quando se alcançou um alto grau de confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade (Teste de Cronbach e Análise de Correlação de Spearman).

Posteriormente, para as análises complementares, utilizaram-se apenas os dados fornecidos pelo pesquisador, os quais foram agrupados em prognóstico dos resultados a longo prazo em: bom (graus 1 e 2); regular ( grau 3 ) e pobre ( graus 4 e 5 ). Aplicou-se o Teste da Razão de Verossimilhança para verificar as possíveis diferenças entre as variáveis de interesse, quando não se encontrou, para a amostra total, correlação entre prognóstico e tipo de fenda, gênero e hospitais de reabilitação. Apenas nos pacientes com fissuras unilaterais houve associação do prognóstico à fase de dentição (p=0,019) e aos hospitais de reabilitação (p=0,025). Este trabalho permitiu concluir que as fissuras unilaterais na fase de dentição decídua mostraram menor severidade de má-oclusão, e que o Hospital de referência da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo apresentou resultados mais favoráveis em relação aos demais.

The cleft lip and palate alter the growth and development of the maxillo-mandibular complex as well as all orofacial functions. Primary repair surgery represents the largest modifier agent of maxillofacial growth in order to limit it. The success of the rehabilitation treatment of the cleft patient depends on the correct performance of a multidisciplinary team. This study aimed to assess the occlusal conditions, in plaster models, of patients with complete cleft lip and palate, non syndromic, correlating to the type of cleft, stage of dental development, gender and surgical rehabilitation hospital. For this study, 87 pairs of casts from cleft patients of the Ambulatory of Oral Maxillo Facial Prosthesis of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of São Paulo (USP), that had been undertaken to primary classical repair surgeries (cheiloplasty 3 to 6 months and palatoplasty 18 months), without prior alveolar bone graft and/or orthodontic treatment. The group studied was composed of 57 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate, with mean age of 6 years, 5 months and 30 patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate with mean age of 6 years, 2 months. For the classification of plaster casts for unilateral cleft, the index of 5 years and the index of Goslon, in the deciduous and mixed dentition, respectively, whereas the Bilateral index was used for bilateral cleft. The three mentioned indexes comprise a scale of 1 to 5, with increasing levels of severity of malocclusion. The models were evaluated by the researcher and two other examiners in two distinct occasions, when a high degree of reliability and reproducibility was reached.

Subsequently, for the additional analysis, it was used only the data provided by the researcher, which were grouped into long-term prognosis results in: good (grades 1 and 2); regular (grade 3) and poor (grades 4 and 5). The likelihood ratio test was used to verify the possible differences between the variables of interest, and the results did not show, for the total sample, any correlation between prognostic and cleft type, gender, and rehabilitation hospitals. Only patients with unilateral clefts there was an association of the prognostic to the dental stag of dental development (p=0.019) and rehabilitation hospitals (p=0.025). This study revealed that the unilateral clefts in the deciduous dentition stage showed a lesser severity for poor occlusion, and that the Referral Hospital of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of São Paulo has the most favorable results compared to others.

Comparison of retention rates of fissure sealants using two flowable restorative materials and a conventional resin sealant: two-year follow-up

The purpose of this clinical study was to compare the retention rates of two flowable restorative systems [Admira Flow and Grandio Flow] with that of a conventional resin-based sealant [Fissurit F]. The study was planned as a clinical trial with a split-mouth design. A total of 122 sealants [38 Admira Flow, 41 Grandio Flow, 43 Fissurit F] were randomly applied to completely erupted permanent molars in 35 patients aged 9-20 years and followed up for 24 months. Data were analyzed using Pearson's X[2] and multiple comparison tests. At the end of the follow-up period, Fissurit F had higher retention rates [81.0%] than both Admira Flow [60.5%] and Grandio Flow [57.1%], with p < 0.05. However, there was no significant difference in caries development among groups [p > 0.05]. The two flowable composite resin materials used as fissure sealant were less retentive than the conventional resin sealant

Dental caries and first permanent molar pit and fissure morphology in 7- to 8-year-old children in Wuhan, China / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

To obtain the caries experience and, plaque accumulation severity and pit and fissure morphology in first permanent molars in 7-8 children in Wuhan, as a reasonable prediction of caries risk and preventive attention in the future, a convenient sample of five primary schools in the vicinity of the Wuhan University School and Hospital of Stomatology was drawn. Two calibrated examiners orally examined all present grade 2 children in the classroom, using standard caries plaque and tooth morphology criteria. Dental caries was scored at enamel (D(2)) and dentine (D(3)) for tooth and surface level. Independent variables were age, gender and school. Data analysis used analysis of variance and t-test. The sample comprised 1 043 7- and 8-year-olds. The prevalence of dental caries in permanent dentition was 8.7% and in primary dentition, 68.7%. Mean Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth/S (DMFT/S) scores were 0.11 and 0.14, respectively. Mean dmft/s scores were 2.8 and 5.0. The d-component constituted 75% of the d(3)mft index, while enamel carious lesions constituted 36% of the total number of carious lesions (d(2,3)-component). Prevalence of medium and deep pits and fissures was 84.6%. Prevalence of medium and severe plaque accumulation was 67.4%. Prevalence of dental caries in the deciduous and permanent dentitions of 7- to 8-year-old children was high. Deep pits and fissures in high caries risk children should be sealed.