Sulfogalactosylglycerolipid in spermatogenesis and fertilization / 中华男科学杂志

Sulfogalactosylglycerolipid (SGG) is the main glycolipid in male mammalian germ cells, which is selectively and highly expressed in mammalian testes and helps form the lipid bilayer of cell membrane. In the process of spermatogenesis, SGG is involved in the meiosis of spermiocytes. Either deficiency or accumulation of SGG will lead to male infertility. SGG homeostasis in the testis is the premise of normal spermatogenesis. In the process of sperm-zona binding, SGG becomes a component of lipid raft and provides a platform for signal transduction. The SGG binding protein plays a role in sperm-egg recognition and membrane fusion. SGG has a great research value and application prospect in male reproduction.

Krabbe disease: the importance of early diagnosis to prognosis / Doença de Krabbe: a importância do diagnóstico precoce para seu prognóstico

Krabbe disease (globoid cell leukodystrophy) is an inherited recessive autosomal leukodystrophy caused by deficiency of the enzyme galactocerebrosidase. The lack of this enzyme leads to the build-up of galactolipids that will promote the death of oligodendrocytes and the demyelination of the central and peripheral nervous systems. There are two clinical forms: early onset and late onset. This article reports a case of late onset Krabbe disease and discusses the importance of early diagnosis for its prognosis.

Doença de Krabbe (leucodistrofia de células globoides) é uma leucodistrofia de herança autossômica recessiva causada pela deficiência da enzima galactocerebrosidase. A falta dessa enzima leva ao acúmulo de galactolipídeos que irão promover a morte dos oligodendrócitos e a desmielinização do sistema nervoso central e periférico. Possui duas formas clínicas: de início precoce e de aparecimento tardio. O presente artigo relata um caso da apresentação tardia da doença de Krabbe e discute a importância do diagnóstico precoce para o seu prognóstico.

Preparation and stability of digalactosyl diglyceride as emulsifier for sub-microemulsion / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the feasibility of digalactosyl diglyceride (DGDG) , which was used as a new type of emulsifier to prepare submicro-emulsion of bay oil.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Bay oil was employed as the model drug, emulsifer in oil method was used to prepare foremilk. Through single factor investigation and central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM) , we optimized the preparation technology and formula respectively. The stability of sub-microemulsion was studied.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The optima technology was following: emulsifer in oil method was used to prepare foremilk, temp was 60 degrees C, the micro emulsion was prepared by two-step high pressure homogen method with that the pressure was 80 Pa, 10 times, micropore film was used to sterilize, filling and sealing at the preservation of nitrogen. The best formula was following: soybean oil was 1.1%, DGDG was 1.6%, and sodium oleate was 0. 16%. The particle size of three batch submicro-emulsions were from 168.0 to 169.3 nm; Zeta potential were from-25.53 to 24.90 mV, pH value were from 8.48 to 8.52. The deviation between measured value and predictive value was 1.8%. It was stable in high temperature and illumination.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DGDG can be used as the emulsifier of bay oil sub-microemulsion.</p>

Studies on chemical constituents from roots of Mirabilis jalapa / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the anti-HIV constituents from the root of Mirabilis jalapa.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The compounds were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH - 20, MCI-gel CHP-20P and RP-18. The structure were identified by means of NMR and MS analyses (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as astragaloside II (1), astragaloside II (2), astragaloside IV (3), astragaloside VI (4), flazin (5), 4'-hydroxy-2, 3-dihydroflavone 7-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), gingerglycolipid A (7), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzaldehyd (8), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (9), beta-sitosterol (10) and daucosterol (11).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1-9 were obtained from this genus for the first time.</p>

Relationship between mycoplasma infection and germ cell sulfogalactosylglycerolipid / 中华男科学杂志

It is well known that mycoplasma can cause infection in the male reproductive tract. Some studies indicate that Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu), a species of mycoplasma, is associated with male infertility. Sulfogalactosylglycerolipid(SGG) is the major mammalian male germ cell glycolipid, synthesized via sulfation of galactosylglycerolipid in early primary spermatocytes. Some experiments have proved that SGG is implicated in sperm-egg binding by linking arylsulfatase A (AS-A), SGG's ligand on the egg. SGG can be desulfated by binding mycoplasmas and transformed galactosylglycerolipid, which doesn't bind AS-A. So the binding and degradation of the sperm SGG by mycoplasmas may play a role in the induction of male infertility. As a kind of mycoplasma, Uu can also bind SGG, which offers another explantion for the association of Uu infection with male infertility caused by Uu infection.

Influence of Ureaplasma urealyticum infection on the sperm-egg binding associated molecule, sulfogalactosylglycerolipid / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the influence of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) infection on the sperm-egg binding associated molecule, sulfogalactosylglycerolipid (SGG).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Epididymal sperm was collected from adult mice. The sperm suspension was randomly divided into 4 groups: Uu group (coincubated with Uu suspension), medium group (coincubated with Uu medium), normal group and PRS group. The indirect immunofluorescence technique was used to localize SGG on the sperm membrane and to observe the influence of Uu on SGG.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the epididymal sperm, SGG was localized to the head plasma membrane overlaying the acrosomal region. The SGG-positive rate of the sperm coincubated with Uu medium was 82.0%, while that of the sperm coincubated with Uu suspension was reduced to 39.0% (P = 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Uu can adhere to the sperm surface. SGG might be a membrane receptor on the sperm surface for Uu infection of the mammalian male genital tract. The blockage of SGG by Uu might be one of the molecular mechanisms correlative to male infertility induced by Uu infection.</p>

Role of sulfogalactosylglycerolipid and sulfolipidimmobilizing protein 1 in sperm-egg plasma membrane interaction / 中华男科学杂志

Sperm-egg plasma membrane interaction is one of the important steps of mammalian fertilization. Many sperm and egg surface proteins are reported to be involved in sperm-zona pellucida interaction. Sulfogalactosylglycerolipid(SGG) is the major sulfoglycolipid in the germ cells of mammalian and lower vertebrates, mainly in the sperm head. It is a differentiation marker in spermatogenesis restricted to the zygotene and early pachytene spermatocytes. Sulfolipidimmobilizing protein 1 (SLIP1) is the major sulfoglycolipid of mammalian germ cells and eggs, with the same localization as SGG in the sperm. SLIP1 binds specificity to SGG, both playing a vital role in sperm-egg interaction. This article is aimed at reviewing the localization of SGG and SLIP1 in the germ cell surface and their role and related mechanism in gamete formation.

Corticosterone administration and lipid metabolism in brain regions during development.

Effect of corticosterone on lipid contents of different brain regions and the effect of age on the sensitivity of these regions to corticosterone have been studied. Corticosterone administration (40 mg/kg body wt, sc) to 17-day-old rat for 3 days led to significant decrease in phospholipid content of cerebellum and increase in cholesterol contents of hippocampus and striatum. However, there was no effect on cerebral cortex and brain stem lipids. This alteration in lipids was associated with decrease in [U-14C] glucose incorporation into cholesterol and phospholipids, decrease in plasma beta-hydroxy butyrate levels and increase in beta-hydroxy butyrate dehydrogenase activity in hippocampus and striatum, thereby suggesting that suppression of glucose utilization by corticosterone was compensated by higher utilization of ketone bodies for lipid synthesis in these regions. The sensitivity to corticosterone appears to be age-specific as, at 20-day, cerebellum, hippocampus and striatum were susceptible, at 10-day only hippocampus and at 40- and 90-day none of these regions responded to the treatment.