Chronic use of proton pump inhibitors and the quantity of g, d, and ecl cells in the stomach / Uso crônico de inibidores de bomba de prótons e a quantidade de células g, d e ecl no estômago

ABSTRACT Background: Acid inhibition from chronic proton pump inhibitor use and a possible increase in gastrin can lead to changes in the regulation of hydrochloric acid production. However, it has not known whether such chronic use changes the presence of gastrin, delta, and enterochromaffin-like cells in the stomach or the relationship between gastrin and delta cells. Aim: To analyze the number of gastrin-producing gastrin cells, somatostatin-producing cells, and histamine-producing cells in patients who were chronic users of proton pump inhibitor, with or without related Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods: Biopsies from 105 patients, including 81 chronic proton pump inhibitor users (experimental group) and 24 controls, were processed immunohistochemically and subjected to counting of gastrin, delta, and enterochromaffin-like cells in high-magnification microscopic fields and in 10 glands. Results: Gastrin cell, delta cell, and enterochromaffin-like cells counts were similar across the groups and appeared to be unaffected by Helicobacter pylori infection. The ratio between gastrin cells and delta cells was higher in the chronic users of proton pump inhibitor group than in controls. Conclusion: Chronic users of proton pump inhibitor does not affect gastrin cell, delta cell, and enterochromaffin-like cell counts significantly, but may alter the ratio between gastrin cells and delta cells.

RESUMO Racional: A inibição ácida pelo uso crônico de inibidores de bomba de prótons e o possível aumento da gastrina podem ser seguidos de alterações na regulação da produção do ácido clorídrico. Ainda não está definido se o uso crônico altera a quantidade de células G, D e ECL no estômago ou a razão células G/D. Objetivo: Avaliar o número de células G - produtoras de gastrina -, células D - produtoras de somatostatina - e células ECL - produtoras de histamina -, em pacientes com uso crônico de inibidores de bomba de prótons, com ou sem infecção pelo Helicobacter pylori. Método: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo avaliando 105 pacientes, 81 usadores crônicos de inibidores de bomba de prótons e 24 controles, através de biópsias com contagem das células G, D e ECL por estudo imunoistoquímico, de forma quantitativa onde havia maior número de células positivas por campo microscópico de grande aumento e em 10 glândulas. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatística comparando-se o número de células G, D e ECL. A razão entre as células G e D foi maior nos pacientes usadores crônicos de inibidores de bomba de prótons. Conclusão: O uso crônico de inibidores de prótons parece não interferir na contagem das células G, D e ECL, porém, interfere na razão entre as células G e D.

Gastrina: hormona de múltiples funciones / Gastrin: multifunctional hormone

Gastrin is a polypeptide hormone secreted primarily by G cells of the gastric antrum. Its main function is the regulation of gastric acidity, through the release of histamine, which ultimately acts on the parietal cell. There are a number of pathological conditions characterized by persistent hypergastrinemia will cause various effects, from peptic disease to cancer. Most research points to clarify their involvement in processes of proliferation of different cell types and thus to find a treatment for cancer. Intermediates molecules have been described for the metabolism of gastrin, which also possess the property of stimulating the proliferation of various cell lines and participated in processes of cell migration and invasion. Using molecular bioengineering has been able to modify the original molecule to create receptor antagonist and thus able to address some of the associated diseases. Much of this hormone, described over a century ago, is still unknown (AU)

Correlation of physiological stimulants of gastric secretion to the development of different types of gastric stress ulcers in male albino rats

Restraint, cold restraint, and water immersion stress were applied to pylorically ligated male albino rats in half hourly increasing duration [0.5-3.0 h]. All models of stress tested produced gastric ulcers, the indices of which were significantly correlated with the increased duration of stress exposure, with the increased gastric mucosal histamine, with the increased serum gastrin, and with the increased total acidity and proteolytic activity of gastric juice. The significant correlation between gastric mucosal histamine and serum gastrin supports a common mediator hypothesis for the former. Increased plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine correlated with the decreased volume of gastric secretion supporting decreased mucosal blood flow as a pathophysiologic factor while hypoglyceamia could not be considered as a vagal stimulant except with cold restraint since the other models showed hyperglyceamia

Avances en péptidos gastrointestinales: gastrina / Advances in gastrointestinal peptides: gastrin

Péptidos gastrointestinales son el universo de hormonas verdaderas (siempre circulantes en la sangre), agentes neuro-endocrinos (liberados en la sinapsis neurales; no circulantes), substancias paracrinas (vertidas al entorno de células vecinas) y factores autocrinos (cuyo"blanco" es la misma célula generadora). La endocrinología gastrointestinal auroral ha evolucionado por edades distintas y se encuentra en plena era de "receptorología". Concecuencia natural es la actual abundancia de información procedente de tecnología complicada. Esta comunicación se propone revisar los avances en el conocimiento de gastrina que, con colecistokinina, integra una familia peptídica sobresaliente. Los temas escogidos son: a)participación en la secreción gástrica ácida; b)rteceptores en las células secretoras; c)repercución de hipergastrinemia sobre la estructura de las células enterocromafines en función de situaciones clínicas caracterizadas; d)regulación de la liberación de histamina; y e)receptores de gastrina y sus influencias sobre el epitelio colónico normal y neoplásico

Hipergastrinemia del habitante de las grandes alturas del Perú estudio comparativo con sujetos del nivel del mar / Hypergastrinemia in high altitude, natives comparative study with sea level natives

Se determinó la gastrinemia basal con técnicas de radioinmunoensayo en dos grupos homólogos de 20 varones jóvenes aparentemente sanos, uno natural y residente en Cerro de Pasco, a 4,400 m.s.n.m. y otro de Lima a 150 m.s.n.m. En el grupo de la altura se encontró una media de 113.8 +/- 55.9 pg/ml y a nivel del mar 50.2 +/- 12.3 pg/ml., con una diferencia estadísdtica altamente significativa. se plantea como posible explicación la hiperfunción secundaria o primaria de las células "G" productoras de la hormona o bién una hiperplasia de las mismas. se considera la hipergastrinemia como una peculiaridad fisiológica en el poblador de las grandes alturas y que junto con una mayor acción vagal, contribuyen a explicar por lo menos a dos factores: una mayor secreción ácida basdal y una hiporespuesta relativa a nuevos estímulos, descritos anteriormente

Determinants of acid secretion.

Acid secretion is regulated by hormonal factors acting peripherally and centrally, as well as neural factors. Gastrin and histamine are the two most important peripheral hormonal stimulants, while the vagus is the predominant nerve affecting acid secretion. Meal related acid secretion occurs in three phases: cephalic, gastric and intestinal. Acid secretion is stimulated in the first two phases while it is inhibited in the intestinal phase. Proteins are potent acid stimulants but carbohydrates and fats are inhibitors. Tea, coffee, milk and alcohol are acid stimulants; on the other hand the damaging influence of spices on the stomach may not be related to increased acid secretion. Psychological stress has a variable effect. The effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on acid secretion is being elucidated. Many drugs modifying acid secretion are available and are useful in the treatment of acid peptic disease.

Aclorhidria, gastrinemia y mucosa gástrica normal en sujetos de altura / Aclorhidria, gartrin blood and normal gastric mucosa in altitude subjets

De acuerdo a los esquemas conocidos, no se admite la existencia de aclorhidria con mucosa gástrica normal. Reportamos en un grupo de habitantes de altura, aclorhidria con mucosa gástrica normal verificada endoscópica e histológicamente. Asimismo, la aclorhidria basal e histamino resistente se acompaña de una mayor gastrinemia en comparación con un grupo normoclorhídrico, apreciándose una relación inversa entre acidez y gastrina. Una marcada disminución de células parietales o ausencia de receptores de gastrina e histamina estarían determinando la aclorhidria, y una hiperfunción o hiperplasia de células G la gastrinemia incrementada

Determinacion de gastrina cerica basal en individuos normales / Basal gastrin levels in sera of normal subjects

Despues de analizar 61 individuos normales desde el punto de vista digestivo llegamos a establecer los siguientes valores de gastrina serica basal para nuestra poblacion general: 41.5 a 102.3 pg/ml con un valor promedio de 71.9 pg/ml. Estos valores concuerdan con la mayoria de los investigadores a nivel mundial, en que las cifras de gastrina serica basal son menores de 100 pg/ml

Ulceras pépticas posoperatorias recurrentes: correlación clínicas, biológica e histológica en los antros retenidos / Peptic ulcers postoperative recurrent: correlation clinic, biology and histologic in the cavern reteing

Se presentan los resultados quirúrgicos obtenidos en 20 pacientes con úlceras pépticas posoperatorias recidivantes originadas por insuficientes conductas operatorias previas. Se establecen los fundamentos fisiológicos de las operaciones correctoras analizando especialmente la correlación clínica, biológica e histopátológica en los antros retenidos. Con técnicas inmunohistológicas se estudia la relación celular G/D alterada por el pH luminal y reponsable de la recurrencia ulcerosa en un paciente con antro retenido señalando las discretas gastrinemias que se registran en todos estos enfermos