Effect of electroacupuncture combined with mosapride on gastric motility in diabetic gastroparesis rats / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zusanli" (ST 36) combined with mosapride on gastric emptying rate and gastric motility in the rats with diabetic gastroparesis.@*METHODS@#Using random number table method, 68 male SD rats were divided into a blank group (12 rats) and a model establishment group (56 rats). In the model establishment group, the models of diabetic gastroparesis were established with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin combined with high-fat and high-sugar diet. Six weeks later, the successful rat models in the model establishment group were randomized into a model group, an EA group, a mosapride group and a combined treatment group, 12 rats in each one. In the EA group, EA was exerted at "Zusanli" (ST 36) (disperse-dense wave, 2 Hz/15 Hz in frequency, 2 mA in intensity) for 20 min. In the mosapride group, mosapride was intervened with intragastric administration (2 mg/kg). In the combined treatment group, electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) was combined with intragastric administration of mosapride. The intervention was given once daily in each group. There was 1 day at interval after 6-day intervention, consecutively for 5 weeks. At the end of intervention, the random blood glucose, gastric emptying rate and the data of gastric motility (average intra-gastric pressure, amplitude and frequency of gastric motility) were detected.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the blank group, blood glucose was increased in the model group (P<0.001). Blood glucose was reduced in the EA group, the mosapride group and the combined treatment group as compared with the model group separately (P<0.001, P<0.01), whereas, compared with the mosapride group, blood glucose was decreased in the combined treatment group (P<0.05). In comparison with the blank group, the gastric emptying rate, the average intra-gastric pressure and the amplitude of gastric motility were all decreased in the model group (P<0.001) and the frequency of gastric motility was increased (P<0.001). Gastric emptying rate, the average intra-gastric pressure and the amplitude of gastric motility were increased in the EA group, the mosapride group and the combined treatment group (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.001) and the frequency of gastric motility was decreased (P<0.001) as compared with the model group respectively. Compared with the EA group, the average intra-gastric pressure and the amplitude of gastric motility were increased in the combined treatment group (P<0.001). In comparison with the mosapride group, the gastric emptying rate, the average intra-gastric pressure, the amplitude and frequency of gastric motility in the combined treatment group, as well as the frequency of gastric motility in the EA group were all increased (P<0.05, P<0.001, P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) combined with intragastric administration of mosapride could regulate blood glucose and improve the gastric motility in the rats with diabetic gastroparesis. The effect is better than either simple electroacupuncture or mosapride.

What factors contribute to delayed gastric emptying after duodenopancreatectomy with piloric preservation? / Que fatores contribuem para retardo do esvaziamento gástrico após duodenopancreatectomia com preservação pilórica?

ABSTRACT Background: The delay in gastric emptying is the second most frequent complication after duodenopancreatectomy with pyloric preservation, that increases hospitalization time and hospital costs. Aim: To identify factors that contribute to the appearance the delay in this surgical procedure. Method: Ninety-five patients were submitted to duodenopancreatectomy with pyloric preservation. After retrospective analysis of the medical records, it was observed that 60 had prolonged hospitalization due to complications. Thus, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze predictors of delayed gastric emptying. Results: Delay was present in 65% (n=39) and pancreatic fistula in 38.3% (n=23). Univariate analysis revealed that the presence of pancreatic complications (pancreatic fistula, p=0.01), other intracavitary complications with the appearance of abdominal collections (p=0.03) and hypoalbuminemia (p=0.06) were responsible, also confirmed by the multivariate analysis. In those who presented delay without a determined cause, it was observed that high levels of total bilirubin (p=0.01) and direct bilirubin (p=0.01) could be related to it. Conclusion: The delay in gastric emptying in patients undergoing duodenopancreatectomy with pyloric preservation is due to intracavitary complications.

RESUMO Racional: O retardo do esvaziamento gástrico é a segunda complicação mais frequente após a realização da duodenopancreatectomia com preservação pilórica, aumentando o tempo de internação e custos hospitalares. Objetivo: Identificar fatores que contribuem para o aparecimento desse retardo nesse procedimento cirúrgico. Método: Noventa e cinco doentes foram submetidos à duodenopancreatectomia com preservação pilórica. Após análise retrospectiva dos prontuários observou-se que 60 apresentaram internação prolongada por complicações. Assim, utilizou-se a regressão logística uni e multivariada para análise de fatores preditores do retardo. Resultados: O retardo esteve presente em 65% (n=39) e a fístula pancreática em 38,3% (n=23). A análise univariada revelou que a presença de complicações pancreáticas (fístula pancreática, p=0,01), outras complicações intracavitárias com aparecimento de coleções abdominais (p=0,03) e hipoalbuminemia (p=0,06) foram os responsáveis, resultados estes também confirmados pela análise mutilvariada. Naqueles que apresentaram retardo sem causa determinada, observou-se que níveis elevados de bilirrubina total (p=0,01) e bilirrubina direta (p=0,01) poderiam estar relacionados a ele. Conclusão: O retardo do esvaziamento gástrico nos pacientes submetidos à duodenopancreatectomia com preservação pilórica é decorrente de complicações intracavitárias.

Abdominal symptoms during Sjogren's syndrome: a pilot study

Abstract Background: Abdominal symptoms in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) are poorly documented. The objective of the study was to describe the abdominal symptoms of patients with pSS and to assess their association with characteristics of the disease. Methods: One hundred and fifty patients with pSS were evaluated using a composite global symptom score for abdominal symptoms and their severity. Data concerning the clinical and biological characteristics of pSS and abdominal disorders were also collected. Results: Of the patients with pSS, 95% suffered from abdominal symptoms (median global symptom score 7.5 ±5.5 points out of 30). More than half of the patients experienced abdominal tension (68%), upper abdominal pain (54%), abdominal discomfort (58%) and/or constipation (54%). Regarding the pSS activity, in relation to European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Sjogren syndrome disease activity index score items, general and central nervous system involvement wereassociated with a high global symptom score. The EULAR Sjogren Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI) symptom score was positively correlated with the global symptom score (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between a high global symptom score and SSA seronegativity, gastroparesis, and ESSPRI score (p < 0.01 for each). Conclusions: The majority of patients with pSS suffered abdominal symptoms. There is currently no therapeutic recommendation because of the lack of information on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Trial registration: NCT03157011. Date of registration: July 17, 2017.(AU)

Type 2 myocardial infarction resulted from the left thoracic stomach

Abstract The universal definition of myocardial infarction (MI) provides five subtypes of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We present an interesting case of a type 2 myocardial infarction caused by the dilation of the left thoracic stomach.

Clinical featurss and severity of gastric emptyng delay in Brazilian patients with gastroparesis / Caracteristicas clinicas e grau de retardo do esvaziamento gastrico em pacientes brasileiros com gastroparesia

Context Gastroparesis is defined by delayed gastric emptying without mechanical obstruction of the gastroduodenal junction, which has been increasingly investigated. Nevertheless, knowledge on the relationships between etiology, symptoms and degree of delayed gastric emptying is limited. Objectives The demographic, clinical and etiological features of Brazilian patients with gastroparesis were studied and the relationships between these findings and the severity of gastric emptying were determined. Method This is a retrospective study of medical records of 41 patients with symptoms suggestive of gastroparesis admitted between 1998 and 2011, who had evidence of abnormally delayed gastric emptying on abdominal scintigraphy. Cases with idiopathic gastroparesis were compared with those of patients with neurologic disorders or diabetes mellitus, in whom autonomic neuropathy is likely to occur. Results The majority of the patients were women (75.6%) with a median age of 41 years and a long-term condition (median: 15 years). Twelve patients (29.3%) had a body mass index of less than 20 kg/m2. The most common presenting symptoms were dyspepsia (53.6%), nausea and vomiting (46.3%), weight loss (41.4%) and abdominal pain (24.3%). Regarding etiology, 16 patients had digestive disorders including idiopathic gastroparesis (n = 12), 12 had postoperative conditions, 11 had diseases of the nervous system, five had diabetes mellitus and in three cases gastroparesis was associated to a variety of conditions. In the majority of patients (65.8%) gastric emptying was severely delayed. There was no association between etiology of gastroparesis, type of presenting symptoms and the degree of delay in gastric emptying. Gastroparesis patients with proven (neurological conditions) or presumed (diabetes) nervous system involvements were significantly younger (P = 0.001), had more recent symptom onset (P = 0:03) and a trend towards more severe gastric empty ...

Contexto A gastroparesia é uma condição clínica definida por retarde anormal do esvaziamento gástrico, sem obstrução mecânica antro-piloro-duodenal, que vem sendo crescentemente estudada. No entanto, as relações entre etiologia, sintomas e grau de retarde do esvaziamento gástrico na gastroparesia são ainda pouco conhecidas. Objetivos Estudar as características demográficas, clínicas e etiológicas e o grau de retarde do esvaziamento gástrico em pacientes brasileiros com gastroparesia e comparar os casos idiopáticos com aqueles com doenças do sistema nervoso ou diabete melito, em que é alta a probabilidade de ocorrência de neuropatia autonômica. Método Estudo retrospectivo dos prontuários de 41 casos com sintomas sugestivos de gastroparesia admitidos entre 1998 e 2011, que tiveram comprovação de retarde anormal do esvaziamento gástrico em exame cintigráfico específico, que foi também revisto. Resultados Dentre os 41 casos, 31 (75,6%) eram mulheres; a mediana de idade foi de 41 anos e predominou quadro clínico de longa duração (mediana: 15 anos). Doze (29,26%) pacientes apresentavam índice de massa corporal inferior ao limite de 20 kg/m2. Os sintomas mais frequentes foram a dispepsia (53,6%), náuseas e vômitos (46,3%), perda de peso (41,4%) e dor abdominal (24,3%). Quanto à etiologia, 16 pacientes tinham afecções digestivas, incluindo a gastroparesia idiopática (n = 12), 12 eram de estados pós-operatórios, 11 tinham doenças do sistema nervoso, 5 tinham diabete melito e 3 eram de etiologias variadas. A maioria dos pacientes (65,8%) apresentou retarde do esvaziamento gástrico intenso ou muito intenso. Não houve qualquer associação entre etiologia da gastroparesia, sintomas apresentados e grau de retarde ...

Gastroparesia y dispepsia funcional: diagnóstico y tratamiento / Gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia: diagnosis and treatment

Gastroparesis corresponds to the clinical picture of a non-obstructive alteration in gastric emptying. The most common causes are idiopathic, postsurgical and diabetes mellitus. Endoscopy and gastric emptying scintigraphy are necessary for diagnosis. Fractionating the diet and avoiding fat are recommended actions. Prokinetics are fundamental in gastroparesis therapy. Domperidone is the first choice because it has a better safety profile. It is advisable to rotate prokinetics. In refractory cases it is suggested to try other prokinetics (such as erythromycin or prucalopride), effective management of nausea and nutrition optimization. In selected cases, therapies such as electrical stimulation could be evaluated. Functional dyspepsia is defined as symptoms that probably originate in the gastroduodenal region, having ruled out other possibilities. Therefore, endoscopy should show no alterations that could explain the symptoms. The most frequently encountered pathophysiological alterations are slow gastric emptying, impaired accommodation and hypersensitivity. None has been linked unequivocally to a pattern of symptoms. It is suggested to start with proton-pump inhibitors therapy. In refractory cases, prokinetics should be added. If there is no adequate response, 24-hour pH monitoring and gastric emptying should be ordered. In case of altered gastric emptying, adjust prokinetics. If gastric emptying is normal, bupirone or mianserin could be used.

La gastroparesia corresponde a un cuadro clínico debido a mal vaciamiento gástrico no obstructivo del estómago. Sus causas más frecuentes son idiopática, diabetes mellitus y postquirúrgica. La endoscopia y el cintigrama de vaciamiento gástrico son necesarios para el diagnóstico. Se recomienda fraccionar la dieta y evitar las grasas. Los procinéticos son fundamentales en el tratamiento de la gastroparesia. La domperidona es la primera opción por su mejor perfil de seguridad. Es aconsejable rotar los procinéticos. En casos refractarios se puede intentar otros procinéticos (como eritromicina o prucalopride), manejar específicamente las náuseas y optimizar la nutrición. En casos seleccionados se puede intentar terapias como estimulación eléctrica. La dispepsia funcional está definida por síntomas que probablemente se originan en la región gastroduodenal, habiendo descartado otras posibilidades. Por esto, requiere un estudio endoscópico sin alteraciones que expliquen los síntomas. Los hallazgos fisiopatológicos más frecuentemente encontrados son alteraciones del vaciamiento gástrico, trastornos de la acomodación e hipersensibilidad. Ninguno de ellos ha sido asociado inequívocamente a algún patrón de síntomas. Se sugiere iniciar tratamiento con inhibidores de la bomba de protones. En casos refractarios, es aconsejable agregar procinéticos. Si no hay adecuada respuesta, se sugiere estudiar con una ph-metría de 24 horas y vaciamiento gástrico. En caso de vaciamiento alterado, ajustar los procinéticos. En caso de vaciamiento normal, se sugiere uso de buspirona o mianserina.

Gastroparesia: temas de atualização e revisão em clínica médica / Gastroparesis: themes of updating and revision in medical clinic

Gastroparesia é uma dificuldade no esvaziamento gástrico sem que haja qualquer obstrução mecânica ao livre trânsito gastroduodenal. Trata-se de condição estritamente relacionada à função do estômago, podendo decorrer de distúrbios neural (p. ex.: diabetes mellitus), eletrolítico (p. ex.: hipopotassemia) ou hormonal (p. ex.: hipotireoidismo), dentre outros. Náuseas, vômitos, plenitude pós-prandial e saciedade precoce estão presentes. Não existe exame laboratorial capaz de identificar a gastroparesia, no entanto, eles podem indicar a etiologia da mesma. A radiografia simples de abdome pode demonstrar distensão gástrica; a seriografia gastroduodenal, bem como a endoscopia digestiva, são mais úteis na avaliação de obstrução mecânica. Na atualidade, o padrão ouro para o diagnóstico da gastroparesia é cintilografia gástrica.

Gastroparesis is a difficulty in gastric emptying without any mechanical obstruction gastroduodenal. Is is strictly related to the condition of the stomach, likely to arise of neural disorder (diabetes mellitus), electrolytic (hipopotassemy), or hormone (hypothyroidism), among others. Nausea, vomiting, early postprandial and early satiety are present. There is no laboratory examination identifies the gastroparesis, however, they can indicate the etiology. The simple radiography may demonstrate abdominal distension, gastroduodenal seriography, as well digestive endoscopy, are most useful in evaluating mechanical obstruction. Today the gold standard for the diagnosis of gastroparesis is gastric scintigraphy.

Terapia nutricional na gastroparesia diabética: [revisão] / Terapia nutricional para la gastroparesia diabética: [revisión] / Nutrition therapy for diabetic gastroparesis: [review]

O diabetes mellitus (DM) é condição causal da neuropatia autonômica, complicação crônica decorrente da ausência de um controle glicêmico eficiente ao longo dos anos. A gastroparesia consequentemente à neuropatia é um dos distúrbios de motilidade mais comuns entre os diabéticos e afeta cerca de 58% dos indivíduos com DM. Apesar dos avanços no conhecimento relacionado à sua fisiopatologia, a gastroparesia diabética ainda constitui uma complicação de difícil abordagem clínica, com sucesso terapêutico limitado. Seu tratamento inclui medidas dietéticas e nutricionais e o uso de drogas pró-cinéticas. O rigoroso controle glicêmico, juntamente a medidas dietéticas, constitui o eixo central da prevenção e da terapêutica da gastroparesia. A dieta direcionada ao paciente com DM tem por objetivo contribuir para a normalização da glicemia, atingir e manter o peso corpóreo adequado para o indivíduo, diminuir os fatores de risco cardiovascular, prevenir as complicações agudas e crônicas do DM e promover a saúde por meio de nutrição adequada. O manejo nutricional na gastroparesia diabética implica em modificações na consistência da dieta, oferecimento de pequenos volumes durante as refeições, exclusão de alimentos não tolerados e de difícil digestão, utilização de suplementos líquidos se os alimentos sólidos não forem tolerados, e nutrição enteral e parenteral se necessário. Este teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a terapia nutricional na gastroparesia diabética, complicação pouco conhecida, entretanto, bastante prevalente entre os pacientes diabéticos. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada em diferentes bases de dados, utilizando artigos nacionais e internacionais, datados a partir do ano de 1988.

La diabetes mellitus (DM) es una condición causal de la neuropatía autonómica, las complicaciones crónicas derivadas de la falta de un control de glucosa en sangre eficaz en los últimos años. La gastroparesia la neuropatía es una consecuencia de trastornos de la motilidad más común entre los diabéticos y afecta a alrededor del 58% de las personas con DM. A pesar de los avances en los conocimientos relacionados con la fisiopatología, la gastroparesia diabética sigue siendo una complicación de difícil abordaje clínico, con un éxito terapéutico limitado. Su tratamiento incluye medidas nutricionales y dietéticas y el uso de fármacos procinéticos. El control estricto de la glucemia, junto con las medidas dietéticas, es el eje de la prevención y el tratamiento de la gastroparesia. La dieta dirigida a los pacientes diabéticos tiene como objetivo contribuir a la normalización de la glucosa en la sangre para lograr y mantener un peso corporal adecuado para la persona, reducir los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, la prevención de complicaciones agudas y crónicas de la diabetes y promover la salud a través de una nutrición adecuada. Manejo nutricional en la gastroparesia diabética implica cambios en la consistencia de la dieta, ofrecer pequeñas cantidades con las comidas, excluidos los alimentos no se tolera y difícil de digerir, el uso de suplementos líquidos que los alimentos sólidos no se toleran, y es la nutrición enteral y parenteral es necesario. Este objetivo de llevar a cabo una revisión bibliográfica sobre la terapia nutricional en la gastroparesia diabética, una complicación poco conocida, sin embargo, bastante frecuente entre los pacientes diabéticos. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en diferentes bases de datos, el uso de artículos nacionales e internacionales, que data del año 1988.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a causal condition of autonomic neuropathy, chronic complications arising from the absence of an effective blood glucose control over the years. The gastroparesis the neuropathy is a consequence of motility disorders more common among diabetics and affects about 58% of individuals with DM. Despite advances in knowledge related to its pathophysiology, diabetic gastroparesis is still a complication of difficult clinical approach, with limited therapeutic success. His treatment includes nutritional and dietary measures and use of prokinetic drugs. Strict glycemic control, along with dietary measures, is the lynchpin of prevention and treatment of gastroparesis. The diet aimed at the diabetic patients aims to contribute to the normalization of blood glucose to achieve and maintain appropriate body weight for the individual, reduce cardiovascular risk factors, prevention of acute and chronic complications of diabetes and promote health through adequate nutrition. Nutritional management in diabetic gastroparesis involves changes in diet consistency, offer small amounts with meals, excluding food is not tolerated and difficult to digest, use of liquid supplements that solid foods are not tolerated, and enteral and parenteral nutrition is necessary. This aimed to conduct a literature review on nutritional therapy in diabetic gastroparesis, a complication little known, however, quite prevalent among diabetic patients. The literature search was performed in different databases, using national and international articles, dating from the year 1988.

Cholangiocarcinoma presenting with severe gastroparesis and pseudoachalasia.

Tumor-associated gastroparesis, though reported in association with various malignancies, is rare in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. We report a 55-year-old woman who presented with dysphagia and recurrent vomiting. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed dilated stomach and excess residue without organic obstruction. 99mTc sulfur colloid solid gastric emptying study, radio-opaque marker gut transit study, and esophageal manometry showed features suggestive of gastroparesis and achalasia cardia; electrogastrography revealed bradygastria. Cholangiocarcinoma was detected on CT scan performed after the patient developed jaundice two months later. The lesion was deemed surgically unresectable. She died four months later.

Assessment of gastroparesis in patients with liver cirrhosis

This study was done on 30 patients with established liver cirrhosis compared with 10 healthy age and sex matched individuals. To assess gastroparesis in those individuals, half gastric emptying time was measured ultrasonographically. It was significantly longer in patients than the controls. It also correlated to the severity of liver affection as it was significantly longer in Child-Pugh grade C cirrhotics than Child-Pugh grades A and B cirrhotics. Also, there was a significant longer 1/2 gastric emptying time in patients with ascites, esophageal varices or hepatic encephalopathy. Furthermore, cirrhotic patients with shrunken liver had significantly longer 1/2 gastric emptying time than those with average sized or enlarged liver. The 1/2 gastric emptying time was also correlated with dyspeptic symptoms

Gastroparesis diabeticorum: a clinical study in sudanese patients

Gastroparesis diabeticorum is a distressing and little mentioned gastrointestinal complication among our diabetic patients. The objective of this study was to confirm the occurrence of this syndrome and to identify its clinical features and impact on glycemic control of diabetes mellitus. The authors set a special clinic in Medani, Sudan, to receive the diabetic patients complaining of chronic [more than two weeks] symptoms related to the upper gastrointestinal tract. The criteria of diagnosis of gastroparesis diabeticorum were: symptoms [nausea, vomiting, epigastric discomfort and feeling of fullness for long periods after meals] in patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy, and confirmatory findings of gastric stasis in the barium studies. The similar conditions were excluded. Fasting blood glucose was measured to assess the glycemic control of diabetes. Eight patients were identified, of a wide range of age group [27 - 64 years], longstanding diabetes [8 - 26 years] and poor glycemic control [fasting blood glucose > 8 mmol / L in 7 out of 8 patients]. More than one diabetic complication was recorded in each patient. We established the occurrence of gastroparesis diabeticorum as one of the manifestations of diabetic autonomic neuropathy among our patients. It should be thought of as one of the etiological factors of the upper gastroenteropathies, like peptic ulcer and giardiasis, in Sudanese diabetic patients

Acute gastroparesis in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy

Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disease. Clinical descriptions of the disorder focus principally on skeletal muscle degeneration. Another manifestation, which involves the gastrointestinal tract, may be fatal. But its prevalence remains undefined. We report here a case of acute gastroparesis associated with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. In our case, the patient's symptoms were improved by prokinetic agents and timely decompression in life-threatening acute gastric dilatation.