Análisis de falsos negativos en la cintigrafía SPECT de paratiroides con sestamibi en pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo primario sometidos a cirugía entre 2008-2015 en hospital universitario / False negative spect parathyroid scintigraphy with sestamibi in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

Background: 99mTc-sestamibi parathyroid SPECT scintigraphy is a useful tool in the pre-operative study of hyperparathyroidism. False negatives (FN) have been reported in 5.7-14% of the examinations. Aim: To characterize 99mTc-sestamibi FN in cases referred for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) to a university hospital. Material and Methods: Descriptive retrospective analysis. We included patients with PHP, studied with SPECT scintigraphy, operated at our center between 2008 and 2015. Clinical and surgical data were recorded; biopsies of the FN were blindly reviewed by one pathologist. Results: One hundred twenty one scintigraphies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Seven (5.8%) were negative and 114 positive. There was no difference in age, sex and PTH levels between FN and true positive scintigraphies. At surgery, one FN case had two hyperplasic glands and two cases had ectopic glands. Pathology reported adenoma in three cases, hyperplasia in three and carcinoma in one. The largest diameter of the lesion was lower in FN (1.3 and 2.1 cm respectively, p = 0.02) and the proportion of adenomas was higher in true positive cases (29% and 75% respectively; p < 0.01). The interval between scintigraphy and parathyroidectomy was greater in FN with a median of 92 days (range 20 days-3.2 years, p < 0.01). The percentage of oxyphilic cells observed was similar in both groups. Conclusions: FN parathyroid SPECT scintigraphies in PHP are uncommon. They corresponded to lesions under the equipment's resolution limit and resulted in longer time lags between scintigraphy and surgery.

[Performances of imaging investigations and scintigraphy for pre operative hyperparathyroidism]

Hyperparathyroidism is a frequent affection. Therapeutic management is based on surgical removal of pathological glands. Therapeutic results are ameliorated thanks to preoperative imaging approach. To evaluate performances of different imaging investigations and scintigraphy for preoperative parathyroid localization. Retrospective study about 26 patients with confirmed hyperparathyroidism. After radio-surgical and histological correlation, scintigraphy showed the best rate of sensitivity [92.3%], compared to other morphologic imaging [ultrasonography: 66.6%, CT-scan: 33.3% and MRI: 66.6%]. The specificity was the same [100%]. No difference was obseved for both scintigraphic modalities. Our results compared to the literature showed that scintigraphy is the most satisfying for preoperative localization of abnormal parathyroid glands in hyperparathyroidism

Review of imaging of the parathyroid gland in health and disease

Primary hyperparathyroidism is usually caused by a single parathyroid adenoma and it is progressively diagnosed worldwide. The recent advancement of imaging techniques changed the surgical approach of primary hyperparathyroidism patients, from wide traditional bilateral neck exploration to limited neck exploration. Pre-operative imaging is vital in localizing ectopic adenoma to lucid the map before surgical resection The manuscript at hand is a comprehensive review of the primary hyperparathyroidism covering anatomical, physiological and pathophysiological basics, to the most recent imaging modalities and their respective tasks in patient management

Anomalías congénitas del aparato branquial: estudio de imágenes / Congenital anomalies of the branchial apparatus: imaging study

: The branchial apparatus consists of six arches that are separated from each other by branchial clefts and pharyngeal pouches. Its development is complex and multiple congenital defects can occur; including branchial cleft cysts, sinuses and fistulas, thymic cysts, aberrant thymic tissue and parathyroid cysts. The majority arises from the second branchial arch and they correspond to vestigial remnants from incomplete obliteration of the branchial apparatus or buried epithelial cell rests. Imaging studies are very helpful in the diagnosis and characterization of these anomalies, and require a good understanding of the embryogenesis. Considering the anatomical location and the radiological appearance the diagnosis could be precised in most cases. The purpose of this presentation is to show the appearance of some of the most frequent congenital anomalies of the branchial apparatus using different imaging modalities and emphasizing the normal embryologic development.

El aparato branquial, formado por seis arcos separados por hendiduras extemas y bolsas faríngeas en su parte interna, tiene un complejo desarrollo del cual pueden derivar anomalías como senos, fístulas o quistes y alteraciones del timo o glándula paratiroi-des. La mayoría de las malformaciones derivan del segundo componente branquial. Los estudios de imagen son útiles para el diagnóstico y caracterización de estas lesiones que será más exacta con un adecuado conocimiento del desarrollo embriológico. El objetivo de esta presentación es revisar la embriología y el aspecto más común en imágenes de algunas de estas anomalías.

Aplicaciones actuales de las técnicas radioisotópicas en la patología endocrinológica / Current applications of radioisotopic techniques in endocrinological pathology

Nuclear Endocrinology was the first clinical use of radionuclides, five decades ago. From those days to the present, nuclear medicine has a definitive role in the diagnosis of a great variety of clinical situations, from the very frequent thyroid nodule to the unusual neuroendocrine tumors, including parathyroid hyperfunctioning tissue. Radioiodine I131 still remains a very effective treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer and whole body scan with I131 in conjunction with seric Tyroglobulin level are the main follow-up strategies for these tumors. New techniques, like positron emission tomography (PET) and newer radiolabeled peptides, among others, will offer a molecular approach to the 21st century clinical nuclear medicine.

Se presentan las principales indicaciones actuales de los estudios radioisotópicos en endocrinología clínica, y su situación relativa con el resto de las técnicas de imagen no invasivas disponibles en nuestro medio. Se discuten brevemente las nuevas aplicaciones terapéuticas y su potencial desarrollo.