Análise histoquímica das glândulas anexas do aparelho reprodutor do macho de paca (Cuniculus paca) / Histochemical analysis of the accessory glands of male paca (Cuniculus paca)

Paca is a wild rodent typical of the tropical region. In order to study this species with focus on the proper management and preservation, this study aims to characterize the histochemistry of the accessory glands of the reproductive tract of the male paca. For this purpose, histological sections were stained with Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), Alcian Blue (AB), PAS + AB e PAS + Amilase. In the histochemical reaction of the bulbouretral gland was found that the epithelium produces secretion rich in neutral and acid glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans, and in some regions produces more than one type of secretion. The epithelium did not contain any glycogen. In the vesicular gland the epithelium had bush border stained by neutral glycoproteins, but no acid glycoproteins, glycogen or glycosaminoglycan. The coagulating gland showed small amount of neutral glycoproteins in the brush border of the epithelium, without glycogen. It is concludes that the accessory glands of paca have histochemical characteristics that share some similarity with other species of the Order Rodentia, with some glands with neutral and acid glycoproteins, mainly in the epithelium of the bulbouretral gland and in the brush border of the other glands.

A paca (Cuniculus paca) é um roedor típico de regiões tropicais. Com a finalidade de estudar esta espécie selvagem para manejo adequado e sua preservação, objetivou-se neste trabalho caracterizar a histoquímica das glândulas anexas do trato reprodutor do macho da paca. Para este fim, cortes histológicos dessas glândulas foram submetidas às reações histoquímicas com Ácido Periódico de Schiff (PAS), Alcian blue (AB), PAS. + AB. e PAS + Amilase. Na glândula bulbouretral foi constatado que o epitélio produz secreção rica em glicoproteínas neutras e ácidas, glicosaminoglicanas, e em algumas regiões produz mais de um tipo de secreção. Não foi observada a presença de glicogênio no epitélio. Na glândula vesicular, seu epitélio em borda em escova corou-se por glicoproteínas neutras e também por substância de composição desconhecida, não contendo glicoproteínas ácidas, glicogênio ou glicosaminoglicanas. Verificou-se presença de pequena quantidade de glicoproteínas ácidas e neutras na próstata, em especial na mucosa, além de glicoproteínas ácidas carboxiladas e sulfatadas em pequena quantidade no tecido conjuntivo da lâmina própria dessa glândula. Por fim, a glândula coaguladora apresentou pequena quantidade de glicoproteínas neutras na borda em escova de seu epitélio e substância de composição desconhecida, sendo ausente o glicogênio. Conclui-se que as glândulas anexas do trato reprodutor da paca apresentam características histoquímicas que compartilham certa similaridade com outras espécies da ordem Rodentia, com a presença de glicoproteínas neutras e ácidas em algumas glândulas, principalmente no epitélio da glândula bulbouretal e na borda em escova do epitélio das demais glândulas.

Análise histoquímica das glândulas anexas do aparelho reprodutor do macho de paca (Cuniculus paca) / Histochemical analysis of the accessory glands of male paca (Cuniculus paca)

A paca (Cuniculus paca) é um roedor típico de regiões tropicais. Com a finalidade de estudar esta espécie selvagem para manejo adequado e sua preservação, objetivou-se neste trabalho caracterizar a histoquímica das glândulas anexas do trato reprodutor do macho da paca. Para este fim, cortes histológicos dessas glândulas foram submetidas às reações histoquímicas com Ácido Periódico de Schiff (PAS), Alcian blue (AB), PAS. + AB. e PAS + Amilase. Na glândula bulbouretral foi constatado que o epitélio produz secreção rica em glicoproteínas neutras e ácidas, glicosaminoglicanas, e em algumas regiões produz mais de um tipo de secreção. Não foi observada a presença de glicogênio no epitélio. Na glândula vesicular, seu epitélio em borda em escova corou-se por glicoproteínas neutras e também por substância de composição desconhecida, não contendo glicoproteínas ácidas, glicogênio ou glicosaminoglicanas. Verificou-se presença de pequena quantidade de glicoproteínas ácidas e neutras na próstata, em especial na mucosa, além de glicoproteínas ácidas carboxiladas e sulfatadas em pequena quantidade no tecido conjuntivo da lâmina própria dessa glândula. Por fim, a glândula coaguladora apresentou pequena quantidade de glicoproteínas neutras na borda em escova de seu epitélio e substância de composição desconhecida, sendo ausente o glicogênio. Conclui-se que as glândulas anexas do trato reprodutor da paca apresentam características histoquímicas que compartilham certa similaridade com outras espécies da ordem Rodentia, com a presença de glicoproteínas neutras e ácidas em algumas glândulas, principalmente no epitélio da glândula bulbouretal e na borda em escova do epitélio das demais glândulas.(AU)

Paca is a wild rodent typical of the tropical region. In order to study this species with focus on the proper management and preservation, this study aims to characterize the histochemistry of the accessory glands of the reproductive tract of the male paca. For this purpose, histological sections were stained with Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), Alcian Blue (AB), PAS + AB e PAS + Amilase. In the histochemical reaction of the bulbouretral gland was found that the epithelium produces secretion rich in neutral and acid glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans, and in some regions produces more than one type of secretion. The epithelium did not contain any glycogen. In the vesicular gland the epithelium had bush border stained by neutral glycoproteins, but no acid glycoproteins, glycogen or glycosaminoglycan. The coagulating gland showed small amount of neutral glycoproteins in the brush border of the epithelium, without glycogen. It is concludes that the accessory glands of paca have histochemical characteristics that share some similarity with other species of the Order Rodentia, with some glands with neutral and acid glycoproteins, mainly in the epithelium of the bulbouretral gland and in the brush border of the other glands.(AU)

Effect of sesame-supplemented diet on prostate and seminal vesicle histology of adult rat / Efecto de la dieta suplementada con sésamo en la histología de la próstata y vesícula seminal de ratas adultas

Infertility is a great concern among the people of reproductive age. The use of natural products obtained from traditional herbs is appealing. Studies show that antioxidants are important in improving male infertility. Thirty adult male rats were randomly divided into two regimen and control groups. The regimen group received diet containing 30 % sesame seed, while the control group received standard diet for 12 weeks. Histology of prostate and seminal vesicle were evaluated and serum levels of FSH, LH and testosterone concentrations were assessed as well. The results showed that, the diameter of peripheral epithelium and the volume density of the prostate epithelium increased but the volume density of the prostate stroma was decreased significantly in the regimen group compared to the control group. Central epithelium diameter and the volume density of the prostate lumen did not change significantly between two groups. In seminal vesicle, volume density of fibromascular and lumen decreased significantly in regimen group compared to control group. FSH and Testosterone level did not change while LH concentration increased significantly in the regimen group compared to the control group (P <0.03). This study shows that the sesame seed might improve male rat reproductive systems by histopathological changes in prostate and seminal vesicle.

La infertilidad es una gran preocupación para las personas en edad reproductiva y el uso de productos naturales obtenidos a partir de hierbas tradicionales es interesante. Los estudios demuestran que los antioxidantes son importantes en la mejora de la infertilidad masculina. Treinta ratas macho, adultas, se dividieron aleatoriamente en dos grupos, experimental y control. El grupo experimental recibió dieta con un 30 % de semillas de sésamo, mientras que el grupo control recibió dieta estándar durante 12 semanas. Fueron evaluadas la histología de próstata y vesícula seminal, así como los niveles séricos de las concentraciones de FSH, LH y testosterona. Los resultados mostraron que el diámetro del epitelio periférico y la densidad de volumen del epitelio de la próstata aumentaron, pero la densidad de volumen del estroma de próstata se redujo significativamente en el grupo experimental en comparación con el grupo control. El diámetro del epitelio central y la densidad de volumen del lumen de la próstata no presentaron cambios significativos entre los dos grupos. En la vesícula seminal, la densidad de volumen fibromuscular y el lumen se redujeron significativamente en el grupo de régimen en comparación con el grupo control. FSH y el nivel de testosterona no cambiaron, mientras que la concentración de LH aumentó significativamente en el grupo de régimen en comparación con el grupo control (P <0,03). Este estudio indica que la semilla de sésamo podría mejorar los sistemas reproductivos de ratas macho a partir de cambios histopatológicos en la próstata y las vesículas seminales.

Morpho-histometric evaluations of pre-pubertal, pubertal and post-pubertal vesicular gland of indigenous bulls of Bangladesh / Evaluaciones morfohistométricas de la glándula vesicular prepuberal, púberal y postpuberal de bovinos nativos de Bangladesh

The present observation was aimed to evaluate the gross and histometric parameters of the vesicular glands of indigenous bulls. Twenty-eight bulls of three age groups were selected from the local market: the pre pubertal group A (<1 year n=4), pubertal group B (1.5­2.5 years, n=16) and post pubertal or adult group C (above 3 years, n=8). The weight, length (anterio-posterior), width (latero-medial) and the thickness (dorso-ventral) of the both left and right vesicular glands were recorded separately after slaughter of each animal. The left and right vesicular gland shows significantly different (p<0.01), in weight and length in every group. Left vesicular glands were slightly higher than the right in all parameters. The lobules of the gland showed folded mucosa, lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Three types of cells were identified in the epithelium containing A, B and C cell. Type A cells were tall columnar cells having distinct cell boundaries with the oval, round or elongated nucleus. Type B cells were located in the basal lamina having round or oval nucleus with indistinct cell boundaries. Type C cells were narrow columnar cells interspersed between A cells with darkly stained cytoplasm. Lamina propria consisted of loose connective tissue surrounded the alveoli, tubules and some solid end pieces. The numbers of secretory end pieces were variable. The diameters of luminated or non-luminated acini of the glandular end pieces and ducts were increased gradually and significantly (p<0.01) with the advancement of age. The epithelial height of the duct and alveoli were increased with the advancement of age, but no significantly differences among them. Tunica adventitia and muscularis grew with the advancement of age while the interstitial tissue shrunk equally. Above all parameters help to conclude that the vesicular glands of the pubertal indigenous bulls were more functional.

El presente estudio tuvo como propósito evaluar los parámetros macroscópicos e histométricos de las glándulas vesiculares de toros autóctonos. Veinticuatro toros fueron seleccionados en el mercado local y agrupados según la edad en: grupo prepuberal A (<1 año; n=4), grupo puberal B (1.5­2,5 años; n=16) y postpuberal o adulto C (por sobre 3 años; n=8). Se registró el peso, longitud (antero-posterior), ancho (latero-medial) y espesor (dorso-ventral) de las glándulas vesiculares izquierda y derecha por separado, después de sacrificado cada animal. Las glándulas vesiculares izquierda y derecha presentaron diferencia significativa (P<0,01) en cuanto al peso y longitud en cada grupo. Las glándulas vesiculares izquierdas fueron ligeramente mayores en relación a la derecha en todos los parámetros. Los lóbulos de la glándula mostraron una mucosa plegada, cubierta con epitelio columnar pseudoestratificado. Se identificaron tres tipos de células en el epitelio, conteniendo células de tipo A, B y C. Las células de tipo A eran células columnares altas con núcleos ovalados, redondos o alargados. Las células de tipo B se localizaron en la lámina basal, presentando un núcleo redondo o oval con límites celulares indistintos. Las células de tipo C eran células columnares estrechas intercaladas entre las células de tipo A, presentando un citoplasma oscuro. La lámina propia estaba constituida por tejido conectivo laxo, rodeada de alvéolos, túbulos y algunas piezas terminales sólidas. El número de extremos de secreción fue variable. El diámetro de los acinos con luz y sin luz de las piezas terminales y conductos glandulares aumentaron de manera gradual y significativa con el avance de la edad (P<0,01). La altura del epitelio del conducto y alvéolos aumentó con el avance de la edad, pero sin diferencias significativas entre ellos. Las túnicas adventicia y muscular aumentaron con el avance de la edad, mientras que el tejido intersticial se retrajo de manera proporcional. A partir de todos los parámetros analizados, se puede concluir que las glándulas vesiculares de los toros del grupo puberal fueron las más funcionales.

Morphology and biometric of the vesicular and bulbourethralglands in castrated and non-castratedSanta Inesbreed sheep

Introduction: The purpose of this paper is to determine the topography, biometry and light microscopyimage of the vesicular and bulbourethral glands in order to analyze morphologic features of the accessorysexual glands in castrated and non-castrated animals.Materials and Methods:The morphology of theaccessory sexual glands was investigated in 14 adult Santa Inesbreed sheep, weighing 32 kg, on average.Six of them were castrated, and eight, non-castrated. For macroscopic study, the description of these twoglands was carried out, as well as dissection and biometry study. Moreover, weight, length, height andwidth measurements were evaluated. For histological analysis, the vesicular and bulbourethral glands weresampled.Results:The topography of the reproductive glands was similar to bovine species. However, lowermacroscopic measurements (p < 0,05) in the glands of the castrated sheep were evidenced when comparedwith the non-castrated ones. Characteristics such as shape of the glands, composition of the layer mucosa,the lamina propria, muscular, the excretory ducts and the adventitia were determined.Conclusion:Sheepcastration promoted changes in the biometric measures of the glands, which were lower in castrated animals.The morphological and biometric characteristics of the vesicular and bulbourethral glands in sheep weredetermined.

Estudio morfológico de la próstata y glándulas vesiculares de cobayo (Cavia porcellus) / Morphologic study of the prostate and vesicular glands of the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)

El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer la morfología de la próstata y glándula vesicular del cobayo (Cavia porcellus), describiéndose aspectos mesoscópicos, histológicos e histoquímicos. Se utilizaron 5 cobayos machos adultos (Cavia porcellus) sanos y alimentados con pellets, zanahorias y frutas ad libitum, en el Bioterio de la Universidad de La Frontera. Una vez sacrificados los animales, fueron aisladas las estructuras cuyos conductos terminaban en la uretra (conductos deferentes, glándulas vesiculares, glándulas coaguladoras, próstata y glándulas bulbouretrales). La próstata y las glándulas vesiculares fueron fijadas en formalina tamponada durante 24 horas y procesadas para su inclusión en paraplast. Se realizaron cortes seriados de 4 µm de grosor, los cuales fueron teñidos para los estudios histológico e histoquímicos. El análisis se realizó a través de un microscopio Carl Zeiss, Axiolab, con cámara Cannon, G6. La próstata se encuentra dorsal a la uretra y está constituída por una masa de tejido glandular cubierto por una delgada cápsula de tejido fibroso y células musculares lisas. Presenta dos lóbulos, derecho e izquierdo, unidos por un istmo dorsal a la uretra, por la cara ventral de cada lóbulo emergen de 8 a 10 pequeños conductos excretores. Histológicamente, está compuesta por unidades túbulo-alveolares recubiertos por epitelio secretor simple cúbico. Las glándulas vesiculares son dos estructuras túbulo-lobulares. Se ubican dorsal a la uretra, relacionándose ventralmente con los conductos deferentes y la cara dorsal de la vejiga. Histológicamente, presentan una capa mucosa con un epitelio cilíndrico de tipo secretor; una capa media constituida principalmente por tejido muscular liso y una capa externa serosa. La histoquímica, en ambas glándulas fue negativa para glucógeno, mucinas neutras y ácidas, sulfatadas y no sulfatadas, tanto en el tejido glandular como en su producto de secreción. La próstata y glándulas vesiculares del cobayo, guardan...

The objective of this investigation was to study the morphology of the prostate and vesicular gland of the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus), describing the mesoscopic, histological and histochemical aspects. Five healthy adult male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) were used. The animals received pellets, carrots and fruit ad libitum in the Biotherium of the Universidad de La Frontera. Once the animals were sacrificed the structures which ducts ended in the urethra, (vas deferens, vesicular glands, coagulator glands, prostate and bulbourethral glands) were isolated. The prostate and vesicular gland were fixed in buffered formalin during 24 hours and processed for their inclusion in paraplast. Serial cuts 4 µm thick were realized and stained for histological and histochemical studies, using a Carl Zeiss, Axiolab microscope with a Cannon G6 camera. The prostate is located dorsal to the urethra and is constituted by a mass of glandular tissue covered by a thin capsule of fibrous tissue and smooth muscular cells presenting two lobes, right and left joined to the urethra by a dorsal isthmus. Emerging through the ventral surface of each lobe are 8 to 10 small excretory ducts. Histologically it is composed by alveolar tubular units covered by a simple cubical secretor epithelium. The vesicular glands are two tubular lobular structures located dorsal to the urethra and are connected ventrally with the vas deferens and the dorsal surface of the bladder. Histologically presenting a mucous layer with a secretor type cylindrical epithelium, a medium layer namely constituted by smooth muscular tissue and a serous external layer. Histochemical reaction in both glands was negative for glycogen, for neutral and acid mucins, both sulfate and non sulfate, in the glandular tissue as well as the secretor product. The prostate and vesicular glands of the guinea pig are related to morphological aspects of other mammals. However, the differences found in the histochemical results suggest t...

Morfología testicular del yaque Leiarius marmoratus (Pisces: Siluridae) en estadio de madurez reproductiva / Testicular morphology of yaque Leiarius marmoratus(Pisces: Siluridae) in maturity reproductive stage

El conocimiento de la morfología y fisiología del testículo, permite generar bases para el entendimiento del comportamiento reproductivo de las especies, ya que diferencias anatómicas están relacionadas con el desempeño reproductivo. Con el fin de contribuir al conocimiento biológico y reproductivo del yaque Leiarius marmoratus, fueron analizadas las características anatómicas, morfológicas y funcionales del testículo en animales durante el estado de madurez reproductiva. En L. marmoratus los testículos están ubicados ventralmente a la vejiga gaseosa y presentan numerosas y largas digitaciones que terminan en un conducto espermático. Microscópicamente se encontró que el testículo es espermatogonial irrestricto de tipo tubular, donde la porción anterior presenta actividad espermatogénica, que disminuye en la porción media y desaparece en la región distal, dando paso a tejido glandular con actividad secretora, que actúa como vesícula seminal. Al interior de cada túbulo testicular, se observan cistos que contienen células espermáticas en el mismo estadio de desarrollo. Basados en las características microscópicas, fueron identificados espermatocitos, espermátides y gran cantidad de espermatozoides libres en el lumen. También fueron identificadas células glandulares, tejido muscular liso y tejido epitelial. En el ducto espermático (región media y distal), se encontró abundante secreción acidofílica que en algunas regiones estaba acompañada de espermatozoides libres.

Knowledge of the morphology and physiology of the testis, leads to generate bases for understanding the reproductive behavior of species, because the anatomical differences are related to reproductive performance. To contribute to biologic and reproductive knowledge of Yaque Leiarius marmoratus, anatomic, morphologic and functional characteristics of the testis in animals in a state of reproductive maturity were analyzed. In L. marmoratus, the testicles are located ventrally to the gas bladder and have many long finger-like structures that finish in spermatic duct. Microscopically it was found that the testis is espermatogonial unrestricted and tubular type, where the anterior portion presented spermatogenic activity, which diminishes in the medium portion and disappears in the caudal portion, leading to tissue with glandular secretory activity serving as a seminal vesicle. Inside each tubule of the testis, there are cysts containing sperm cells within the same stage of development. Based on microscopic features, were identified spermatocytes, spermatids and a large amount of free sperm into the lumen. Glandular cells were also identified, as well as smooth muscle tissue and epithelial tissue. In the spermatic duct (medium and distal portion), acidophilous secretion was abundant and in some regions were accompanied by free spermatozoa.

Análisis del volumen rectal en pacientes con cáncer de próstata: temprano durante la radioterapia conformada / Analysis of rectal volume in patients with early prostate cancer: during the 3D radiation therapy

Se realiza un estudio observacional, descriptivo y cuantitativo, con descripción numérica de los datos, con el objetivo de determinar el cambio del volumen rectal en noventa pacientes con cáncer de próstata durante el tratamiento radiante. Utilizamos técnica de radioterapia conformada y tres dimensiones. El método complementario elegido para valorar el cambio del volumen de la ampolla rectal fue una tomografía axial computarizada de pelvis durante el tratamiento radiante. En el 86% de pacientes se evidenció la ampolla rectal con material fecal y gaseoso; y en 14% restante se encontraba vacía. Los diámetros promedios fueron de: 23,4 mm para ampolla rectal vacía y 32,8 mm para la ampolla rectal dilatada, los cambios del volumen rectal alteran la posición del volumen blanco de tratamiento radiante (próstata). Recomendamos efectuar la radioterapia entre las 15 y las 18 horas de acuerdo a la fisiología y practicar a todo paciente una manometría ano-rectal.

We realized a study observational, descriptive and quantitative with numeric description of date, we carry out this work to determine the change of rectal volume in 90 patients with diagnostic of prostate cancer during radiant treatment. We utilize conformal radiation therapy technique in tree dimension. The complementary method used to valor the changes in the volume of the rectal was axial computer tomography of the pelvis during the radiation treatment. In 86% of patients we evidence the rectal blister with fecal and gaseous material the rest 14% blister was empty. The average of diameters were 23.4 mm to the blister empty and 38.8 mm to the rectal dilated blister, the changes in the rectal volume alter the volume target of the radiation treatment (prostate). Recommend do the radiation therapy between the 15 and 18 hours in relation with physiology and practice to all patients a rectal manometer study.

Morphology of male reproductive system in three species of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) Richards (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) / Morfologia do sistema reprodutor masculino em três espécies de Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) Richards (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)

Variations in the adult male reproductive system among different groups of Hymenoptera offer characteristics that help studies on behavior and phylogenetics. The objective of this study was to describe the adult male reproductive system of three Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) species. For that, tissues were disseced, fixed in 2.5 percent glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2 and postfixed in 1 percent osmium tetroxide. The material was dehydratated and embedded for light and electron transmission microscopes. The species have similar reproductive systems, which are formed by a pair of testes, each one with three fusiforme follicles, from which emerges an efferent duct that later joins forming a deferent duct. The deferent duct opens into an ejaculatory duct. The first half of the deferent duct is enlarged and differentiated in a region specialized in sperm storage, the seminal vesicle. The accessory gland flows in the post-vesicular region of the deferent duct. The testes and vesicles are both covered with a conjunctive capsule. Sexually mature individuals have all spermatogenesis stages in their follicles. Sperms are released from testes in bundles which are disorganized inside seminal vesicles.

Variações no sistema reprodutor entre os diferentes grupos de Hymenoptera oferecem caracteres que auxiliam nos estudos de comportamento e filogenia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever o sistema reprodutor masculino de três espécies de Trypoxylon (Trypargilum). Para isso, os tecidos foram dissecados, fixados em glutaraldeído 2,5 por cento em tampão cacodilato de sódio 0,1 M, pH 7,2 e pós-fixados em tetróxido de ósmio a 1 por cento. O material foi desidratado e incluído para microscopias de luz e eletrônica de transmissão. As espécies possuem os sistemas reprodutores muito semelhantes, formados por um par de testículos, cada um com três folículos fusiformes, a partir dos quais emerge um ducto eferente que depois se juntam formando o ducto deferente. O ducto deferente termina no ducto ejaculatório. A primeira metade dos ductos deferentes é dilatada e diferenciada em uma região especializada no armazenamento de espermatozóides, a vesícula seminal. A glândula acessória desemboca na região pós-vesicular do ducto deferente. Testículos e vesículas seminais são envoltos por uma única cápsula conjuntiva. Indivíduos maduros sexualmente apresentam todos os estágios da espermatogênese em seus folículos. Os espermatozóides são liberados dos testículos em feixes, os quais estão desorganizados na vesícula seminal.

Effect of Flutamide in Mouse Spermatogenesis and on the Function of Seminal Vesicle and Prostate

RESUMEN: La espermatogénesis está regulada por el eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-gónada, y los andrógenos juegan un rol fundamental en sus últimas etapas. La administración del antiandrógeno flutamida interfiere con ella y con la función de órganos andrógeno dependientes (próstata (P) y vesícula seminal (VS)). En este estudio se inyectó flutamida (10 mg/Kg peso corporal) a 10 ratones y vehículo al control(n=6). Los ratones se sacrificaron a las 24(n=5) y 72(n=5) horas. En cortes de testículo se midió el diámetro del túbulo (TD) y la altura del epitelio (EH). P y VS se maceraron, y se determinaron las concentraciones de fructosa (VS) y zinc (P). No existe diferencia significativa en el TD entre los grupos. Sin embargo, el grupo de 72 h presenta menor EH respecto al control (p<0.01). La fructosa es menor sólo a las 72 h (p<0.01), intervalo en el cual se presenta la mayor concentración de zinc (p<0.01). La disminución de la EH se explicaría por el desprendimiento de las espermátidas elongadas, debido al bloqueo del efecto de la testosterona, sin reflejarse en el TD a intervalo corto. La disminución de fructosa refleja claramente la deprivación de andrógenos, en tanto que la concentración prostática aumentada a 72 hrs sugiere deficiencia en la secreción de zinc.

Ultrastructural, histological and histochemical characteristics of the epithelial wall of the seminal vesicle of mature Scaptotrigona xanthotricha moure males (Hymenoptera, apidae, meliponini)

The seminal vesicles of mature Scaptotrigona xanthotricha males were investigated using light microscopy, histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. The globular seminal vesicles were ~450 ìm in diameter and consisted of a sperm-filled lumen and a single layer of epithelium surrounded externally by a muscular sheath. The mitochondria-rich epithelial cells had many inclusions in the basal region. These inclusions were relatively large and contained membranous structures similar to myelin figures. The epithelial cells of the seminal vesicle showed none of the features characteristically associated with a secretory function, which suggested that the material in which the spermatozoa were immersed in the vesicle lumen was produced elsewhere along the ducts and/or during sexual maturation of the males. Spermatozoa were occasionally seen inside the inclusions, which suggested a possible spermiophagic activity for this epithelium.

Reversible plasma testosterone levels reduction after gentamicin administration and freund's adjuvant arthritis in rats.

The present study was undertaken in order to investigate the influence of gentamicin on plasma testosterone levels of healthy and with Freund's adjuvant arthritis rats. Gentamicin (40 mg/day for 4 days) induced significant decrease of testosterone levels in comparison with the control group (P<0.025). Intraperitoneal calcium administration (30 mg/ kg bw) prevented gentamicin effect and maintained testosterone levels to that of the control. Decreased testosterone levels were also observed in gentamicin received Freund's adjuvant arthritic rats, in the acute stage of the inflammatory disease (P<0.025), and in the acute stage of Freund's adjuvant arthritis (P<0.001). It is concluded that the administration of gentamicin decreases plasma testosterone levels without any effect on body and seminal vesicles weight. Calcium loading counteracts gentamicin reducing effect on plasma testosterone levels. Freund's adjuvant arthritis influences the function of body and seminal vesicles as it was shown by the reduction of testosterone levels, body and seminal vesicles weight during the acute phase of the inflammatory disease. In any case the effect was reversible.

Mesoscopía e Histología de la glándula vesicular en el conejo (Oryctolagus cuniculus) / Mesoscopy and histology of the vesicular gland in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer con mayor detalle la morfología de la glándula vesicular del conejo Oryctolagus ciniculus para, posteriormente efectuar estudios morfofuncionales. Se utilizaron 12 conejos machos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) clínicamente sanos, mantenidos en el Bioterio de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. Sacrificados los conejos, se registró su peso corporal y se disecó la región pélvica, retirando en bloque los componentes anatómicos del aparato urogenital, aislando posteriormente la glándula vesicular de las otras glándulas anexas. Las muestras fueron fijadas en formalina tamponada y procesadas para su inclusión en paraplast. Se realizaron cortes seriados de 4 µ de espesor, los cuales fueron teñidos para su estudio histológico e histoquímico. Para el análisis morfológico y las fotografías se utilizó un microscopio Carl Zeiss, Axiolab con cámara MC 80 DX. Los resultados mostraron que la glándula vesicular del conejo macho (Oryctolagus cuniculus) presentó una forma irregular, globosa cranealmente y aplastada caudalmente. De tamaño y volumen variables según el ejemplar y la cantidad de líquido en su interior. La pared dorsal de la glándula vesicular en su parte craneal se relacionaba con la parte terminal del colon y recto. La parte caudal estaba en relación con la propróstata y en su extremo distal formaba el conducto eyaculatorio. La pared ventral se relacionaba con las ampollas del conducto deferente. El estudio histoquímico mostró que la glándula vesicular estaba constituida por una capa muscular con fibras musculares lisas organizadas irregularmente y una capa mucosa con una lámina propia rica en fibras colágenas y vasos sanguíneos, sobre la cual descansaba el epitelio glandular, simple, columnar bajo a cúbico. La histoquímica reveló la presencia de mucinas ácidas sulfatadas y no sulfatadas principalmente en la zona apical de las células glandulares y hacia el lumen de cada glándula. No fueron detectados glucógeno ni mucinas neutras.

Estudio anátomo radiográfico de las vesículas seminales de la chinchilla, chinchilla laniger grey, en cautiverio / Anatomo radiographic study of the seminal vesicles of chinchilla, chinchilla laniger grey, in captivity

Se describen las características morfológicas anatomo-radiográficas de las vesículas seminales en chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger Grey) empleando la técnica retrógrada de histografía por cateterismo uretral. Este estudio se realizó en 5 chinchillas machos, adultos, nacidas en cautiverio. La observación mediante esta técnica permitió determinar en las vesículas seminales, que se ubican dorsal al eje de vejiga - uretra, sus dimensiones: 73 mm de largo y un promedio de 3 mm de ancho. Sus desembocaduras se encuentran a 28 mm caudal al cuello de la vejiga urinaria. La disección anatómica corrobora las observaciones realizadas con la técnica aplicada. Se concluye que el empleo de cistografía por cateterismo uretral, permite observar con buena definición las vesículas seminales, vejiga y uretra

Cambios histológicos y morfométricos de las vesículas seminales inducidos por variaciones estacionales en la chinchilla laniger grey en cautiverio / Histological and morphometric changes of the seminal vesicles of chinchilla laniger grey in captivity induced by seasonal variations

Se describe la estructura macroscópica y microscópica de las vesículas seminales de la chinchilla laniger (Grey), bajo condiciones de cautiverio. La investigación se realizó en animales adultos (de 2 a 3 años de edad), a través de un año, con el objeto de determinar posibles variaciones estacionales. En este roedor nativo Sudamericano se analizaron los siguientes indicadores: pesos corporal y glandular, índice organosomático (IOS), diámetro de la glándula, grosor de la pared y altura de las células epiteliales. Los valores morfométricos más altos se obtuvieron durante el invierno y los más bajos en verano, excepto el peso corporal, que no tuvo variaciones significativas (p>0,05), en el año. El análisis histoquímico de la secreción glandular para detectar glicoproteínas neutras, sulfatadas y ácidas, con las técnicas de PAS, azul de alcian pH 1 y pH 2,5, respectivamente, fueron negativas para todos los meses. Los resultados muestran que hay cambios morfológicos en las vesículas seminales, a través del año, los que serían coincidentes con las características del ciclo reproductivo anual, descrito para esta especie. Se podría concluir, que estas glándulas también tendrían, a lo largo del año, una actividad funcional cíclica, la cual es máxima en la época otoño-invierno, estación caracterizada por cortos períodos de luz en el Hemisferio Sur

Precocious recrudescence of seminal vesicle and testis in catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.), subjected to a long photoperiod regime.

The catfish C. batrachus were exposed to a long photoperiod of 14 hr light during resting--early preparatory (December-February) phases of the reproductive cycle. At 70-day sampling, both the seminal vesicle (SV) and testis registered marked stimulatory effects in comparisons to control fish maintained under approximately 10.55 L:13.45D as shown by the increased size and weight. In both the SV and testis, concentrations of total proteins, fructose, hexosamines, and sialic acid were significantly high compared to those of the control fish indicating increased activities of the organs. Serum levels of gonadotropin-II, testosterone, and estradiol-17 beta were significantly high in the long photoperiod group. The results show that exposure to long photoperiod can stimulate early development of both the SV and testis by activating the pituitary--gonadal axis.

Effect of short-term treatment of eugenol on the seminal vesicles of adult albino rats.

The structure and biochemical content of adult albino rat seminal vesicles, were studied, after administration of two different doses of eugenol for 10 days (0.2 and 0.3 mg/kg/day, i.m.). Marked decreases in the concentrations of nucleic acids, fructose and total protein as well as RNA/DNA ratio (61%) and protein/DNA ratio (27%) were observed. A remarkable increase in phospholipid concentration was noted with a corresponding decrease in neutral lipids. Histologically, eugenol treated animals showed degeneration of the secretory columnar cells and well developed myofibrillar connective tissues when compared to control animals.

Inhibitory effects of formaldehyde on the reproductive system of male rats.

Formaldehyde, when administered to rats at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight/day for a period of 30 days, resulted in a significant fall in sperm motility, viability and count. In addition, the DNA content was significantly lower in testis and prostate while the tissue protein content of prostate and epididymis had decreased in the treated rats. In vitro exposure to formaldehyde also inhibited the sperm motility and viability.

Morfologia da vesícula seminal da Chinchila (Chinchilla laniger) / Morphology of the seminal vesicle of the chinchila (Chinchilla laniger)

A morfologia da vesícula seminal da Chinchilla laniger foi estudada em níveis macro e microscópico. Säo órgäos sexuais acessórios, pares, localizados na cavidade abdômino-pélvica. A glândula é composta de mucosa pregueada, muscular espessa formada por duas camadas, e serosa delicada. O epitélio consiste de células principais colunares e basais poligonais, assentado em lâmina própria delgada.

Effect of diabetes mellitus on epididymal enzymes of adult rats.

Diabetes mellitus caused significant reduction in serum testosterone and accessory sex glands weight. The sperm content of epididymal regions also decreased. Among the epididymal regions, the cauda epididymidal tissue alone showed significant reduction in Na(+)-K+ ATPase activity. However, Mg2+ ATPase activity was lowered in caput epididymidis only. Specific activity of Ca2+ ATPase significantly decreased in caput and cauda epididymides. All three ATPases decreased significantly in caput epididymidal spermatozoa leaving cauda epididymidal spermatozoa unaffected. Specific activity of alkaline phosphatase was suppressed in caput epididymidis and in the spermatozoa collected from caput and cauda epididymides, while the acid phosphatase was unaffected. In general, the results are suggestive of definite influence of diabetes on epididymal phosphatases which is region specific. Diabetes induced decrease in phosphatases may have an impact on secretory and absorptive functions of epididymis and thus on sperm maturation.