Can influenza H1N1 vaccination lead to the membranous glomerulonephritis.

In 2009 winter, Influenza A (H1N1) monovalent split virus vaccine was used prevalently in the whole world as a result of the pandemic caused by Influenza (H1N1) virus. The vaccine's adverse effects were observed closely and vaccination has been found as safe in most studies. But some reports about immune response related diseases after influenza vaccinations are remarkable. The close relationship between membranous glomerulonephritis and antigens is known, particularly in seconder forms which occur after viral infections and vaccinations. So this case report is about a 56-year-old man, who developed membranous glomerulonephritis 23 days after the vaccination against Influenza A (H1N1) virus.

Mesangial overload in experimental membranous nephropathy

The distribution and amount of ferritin in the glomeruli following intravenous injection of radiolabeled ferritin (125I-ferritin) was studied in 25 normal rats with membranous nephropathy. The animals used were male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180-200 g at the beginning of the experiment. Membranous nephropathy was induced by repeated iv injections of 1.0 mg cationic bovine serum albumin during 28 days. At the end of the experiment the animals received 125I-ferritin iv and were sacrificed 2,6,12,24 and 36 h later, and the glomeruli were isolated. Mean (ñ SEM) levels of 125I-ferritin in the glomeruli reported as cpm/mg protein in rats injected with cationic bovine serum albumin were: 731.8 ñ 155.6 after 2 h, 946.4 ñ 268.2 after 6 h, 565.4 ñ 143.5 after 12 h, 251.8 ñ 26.5 after 24 h, and 202 ñ 29.1 after 36 h. Mean (ñ SEM) 125I-ferritin in no0rmal rats were: 2 h:256.2 ñ 44.6; 6 h: 214.2 ñ 8.78; 12 h:198.2 ñ 32.2; 24 h: 51.5 ñ 3.57: 36h: 40.6 ñ 5.48 125I-ferritin levels in the glomeruli isolated from rats injected with cationic bovine serum albumin were significantly higher than in control rats at 2, 6, 24 and 36 h. The distribution of ferritin in the glomeruli was studied by a direct immunofluorescence technique. Normal and nephrotic rats showed ferritin in the glomerular mesangium only, with similar pattern and intensity. These data show that rats with membranous glomerulonephritis induced by cationic bovine serumalbumin presented an increased macromolecule uptake by the glomerular mesangium. However, the mechanism underlying this mesangial overloading is still unknown