Anti-Müllerian hormone as a new marker of the ovarian reserve function preservation by goserelin during (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy for young breast cancer patients / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the dynamic change of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in 1 year after chemotherapy which is the best biochemical marker of ovarian reserve in reproductive medicine setting and to evaluate the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa)goserelin to prevent ovarian reserve function during (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy for young breast cancer patients.@*METHODS@#Between December 2015 and June 2017, 101 breast cancer patients of age ≤ 45 years with stages I to III had been enrolled. The patients were assigned without interference to receive either (neo) adjuvant chemotherapy with goserelin (goserelin group) or without goserelin (chemotherapy group) as their own selection. AMH and menstrual status were evaluated before, during and 0.5 year, 1 year after chemotherapy. Primary end point was the incidence of low AMH value (<0.4 μg/L) at the end of 1 year. Secondary end point was the incidence of amenorrhea (the absence of menses in the preceding 12 months after assignment).@*RESULTS@#In the study, 51 patients chose to join the chemotherapy group, while the other 50 patients selected goserelin to preserve their ovarian reserve function. More unmarried or childless, hormone receptors negative,receiving breast conservation therapy patients with earlier stage selected goserelin before chemotherapy. The incidence of low AMH value was significantly higher in chemotherapy group than in goserelin group (74.5% vs. 38.0%, P<0.001) in 1 year after chemotherapy. The incidence of amenorrhea was consistent with AMH (56.9% vs. 24.0%, P=0.001). And more patients' menstruation (78.9% vs. 54.5%) and AMH value (71.0% vs. 53.8%) recovered in goserelin group within 6 months after chemotherapy. In subgroup analysis, AMH and menstruation seemingly recovered more in goserelin group independent of age, chemotherapy regimen and use of tamoxifen. Especially, AMH value of 36.4% (8/22) patients in chemotherapy group and 18.4% (7/38) patients in goserelin group still maintained low level (<0.4 μg /L) although their menstruation had recovered 1 year after chemotherapy. In addition, 41 patients (20 patients in chemotherapy group, 21 patients in goserelin group) could be evaluated for the dynamic change of AMH and menstrual status during chemotherapy. The mean level of AMH in chemotherapy group declined rapidly to very low level before the 3rd cycle, while 70% of the patients kept presence of menstruation. At the same time, the mean level of AMH in goserelin group was still above 0.4 μg /L, but all of the patients had menopause.@*CONCLUSION@#Our study has offered evidence that Goserelin with chemotherapy could protect against ovarian reserve failure for young breast cancer patients, now that more patients' AMH value recovered earlier who had selected co-treatment. AMH may be a more precise marker than menstrual status to clinically evaluate ovarian reserve function pre-, during and post- chemotherapy.

Dor mamária: propedêutica e terapêutica / Breast pain: propaedeutic and therapeutic

Mastalgia é um dos sintomas mais comuns em mulheres, tendo uma prevalência de 41 a 69% e pode se apresentar como um leve desconforto até dor severa, que interfere na qualidade de vida. A principal preocupação das pacientes que consultam por este sintoma é o medo do câncer. Essa é classificada em mastalgia cíclica, acíclica ou extramamária. Cíclica quando se apresenta no período pré-menstrual; na acíclica não há relação com o ciclo e, geralmente, acomete pacientes na pós-menopausa. A extramamária é a dor referida na mama, porém usualmente é de origem musculoesquelética. Na presença de achados clínicos e radiológicos normais, aproximadamente 85% das pacientes melhoram apenas com orientação e tranquilização, não necessitando de medicação. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática para avaliar as possibilidades terapêuticas e seus níveis de evidência. Os anti-inflamatórios não esteróides tópico, para mastalgia cíclica ou acíclica, e o fitoterâpico Agnus castus, para mastalgia cíclica, demonstraram boa eficácia e tolerabilidade e podem ser usados como medida inicial. O tamoxifeno e o danazol são medicamentos eficazes, porém apresentam mais efeitos colaterais. Para casos especiais, ainda há a alternativa de usar bromocriptina e goserelina. O manejo da dor mamária pode ser sintetizado em três itens: excluir câncer, orientar e tranquilizar ao máximo e medicar ao mínimo.(AU)

Breast pain or mastalgia is one of the most common symptoms in women, with a prevalence ranging from 41 to 69%. It presents as a mild discomfort to severe pain, that interferes with the quality of life. The main concern of patients consulting for this symptom is the fear of cancer. It is classified as cyclical, acyclical or extra-mammary. When presented during the premenstrual period, it is cyclical; acyclical, when not cycle-related and usually affects patients in post-menopausal. Extra-mammary is the breast referred pain, but it is usually of muscle-skeptical origin. In the presence of normal clinical and radiological findings, approximately 85% of patients improve only with reassurance, not requiring medication. A systematic review was performed to assess the therapeutic possibilities and their evidence levels. Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, for cyclic or acyclic mastalgia, and the phytotherapic Agnus castus, for cyclic mastalgia, showed good efficacy and tolerability and can be used as an initial measure. Tamoxifen and danazol are effective drugs, but they present more side effects. For special cases, there is the alternative of using bromocriptin and goserelin. Breast pain management can be summarized in three items: exclude cancer, maximum reassurance and minimum medication.(AU)

Resultados en el tratamiento de la endometrosis con cirugía y análogos del GnRh de depósito / Surgical treatment of the endometrosis compared to the treatment whith GnRh analogues

Muestra nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento secuencial y combinado, quirúrgico y médico con análogos del GnRh de depósito (Lupron 3,75), hiperestimulación ovárica controlada con gonadotrofinas HMG-HCG y posterior Second Look laparoscópico con técnica de transferencia intratubaria de gametos. Se evaluó 61 pacientes que consultaron por infertilidad en el Instituto de Ginecología y Fertilidad de Bs. As., entre el 1º de octubre de 1992 y el 30 de diciembre de 1994. En todas ellas se realizó una laparoscopia para el diagnóstico y estadificación de la endometrosis según la clasificación revisada de la Sociedad Americana de Fertilidad, realizándose en el mismo acto los procedimientos quirúrgicos de coagulación, lisis o quistectomía según fuera necesario. Todas las pacientes fueron medicadas con Lupron 3,75 de aplicación mensual durante un período de 6 meses posteriores a la cirugía. Del total de 61 pacientes, 29 (47,5 por ciento) se embarazaron con tratamiento quirúrgico, médico e hiperestimulación ovárica, de las cuales 17 (59 por ciento) lo logró en forma espontánea, 13 (44,8 por ciento) en el primer semestre y 4 (13,7 por ciento) en el segundo semestre postratamiento. Sobre 35 pacientes estimuladas, a partir de los 6 meses de finalizado el Lupron por un período de 3,2 ciclos se embarazaron 12 (41 por ciento). A 10 pacientes se les realizó al cabo de un año de finalizado el tratamiento con análogos un second look laparoscópico con técnica de transferencia intratubaria de gametos, logrando el embarazo en 5 pacientes (50 por ciento). Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que el tratamiento propuesto ha sido útil en este grupo de pacientes, logrando además una adecuada tolerancia y aceptación por parte de las mismas