Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of bone marrow in cats diagnosed with hematopoietic disorders

Cytological examination of bone marrow in cats, due to the large number of cells and various growth phases is somewhat complicated. The use of flow cytometric techniques and monoclonal antibodies are appropriate methods in the diagnosis of hematopoietic malignancies. The purpose of the present study is to determine cell-surface antigens for various developmental stages of feline bone marrow cells in hematopoietic disorders using flow cytometric. In this study, bone marrow cells from 4 cats with hematopoietic disorders and 2 clinically healthy cats, were labeled with 5 types of anti-feline MAbs included: CD21-like [Cr-Br], T lymphocyte subpopulation, CD-172a, Granulocyte, Pan-Leukocyte [CD45-like] and then analyzed using flow cytometric. The results revealed changes in immunophenotyping and light scatter properties compared with normal cases. The percentage of CD45, Granulocyte and CD172a markers in the bone marrow of a cat with erythroleukemia were lower compared with normal bone marrow. In a cat with myelodysplastic syndrome, scatter plot indicated an increase in the immature myeloid cells and a decrease in mature myeloid cells. It was concluded that cytological examination of bone marrow with studying dispersion studies on cells using flow cytometric and usage of a panel of antibodies such as CD21-like[Cr-Br], T lymphocyte subpopulation, CD-172a, Granulocyte, Pan-Leukocyte [CD45-like] could support the diagnosis of feline hematopoietic abnormalities

Non-specific Defensive Factors of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas against Infection with Marteilioides chungmuensis: A Flow-Cytometric Study

In order to assess changes in the activity of immunecompetency present in Crassostrea gigas infected with Marteilioides chungmuensis (Protozoa), the total hemocyte counts (THC), hemocyte populations, hemocyte viability, and phagocytosis rate were measured in oysters using flow cytometry. THC were increased significantly in oysters infected with M. chungmuensis relative to the healthy appearing oysters (HAO) (P<0.05). Among the total hemocyte composition, granulocyte levels were significantly increased in infected oysters as compared with HAO (P<0.05). In addition, the hyalinocyte was reduced significantly (P<0.05). The hemocyte viability did not differ between infected oysters and HAO. However, the phagocytosis rate was significantly higher in infected oysters relative to HAO (P<0.05). The measurement of alterations in the activity of immunecompetency in oysters, which was conducted via flow cytometry in this study, might be a useful biomarker of the defense system for evaluating the effects of ovarian parasites of C. gigas.

Hormonas sexuales y respuesta inmunológica / Sex hormones and immune system

Existe una evidente interrelación entre el sistema endócrino y el sistema inmunológico. Un ejemplo de esto es el efecto que las hormonas sexuales ejercen sobre las distintas poblaciones de leucocitos (linfocitos T y B, Células NK, granulocitos y macrófagos), así como sobre la producción y liberación de citoquinas y proteínas inmunoreguladoras. Tanto en las mujeres como en las hembras de otras especies, los estrógenos y la progesterona harían que primase una respuesta inmune humoral, lo cual resultaría beneficioso para la gestación, pero al mismo tiempo favorecería la aparición de ciertas enfermedades autoinmunes. Contrariamente, la testoterona haría que en los machos predominase la respuesta inmune celular. El siguiente trabajo es una revisión de distintos estudios referentes a la acción que las hormonas sexuales esteroideas ejercen sobre distintos componentes del sistema inmunológico.

Granulocyte Antibodies in Korean Neonates with Neutropenia

Neonatal alloimmune neutropenia (NAN) is a disease that can cause severe and prolonged neutropenia in neonates. However, no report is available on the incidence of granulocyte antibody in neonates, the target antigen of this antibody, and the estimated incidence of NAN in Korea. Among a total of 856 neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) over a five year period, a total of 105 neonates with neutropenia were enrolled in this study. Positive reactions were observed in the sera of six neonates (5.7%, 6/105) by mixed passive hemagglutination assay (MPHA). To confirm the presence of NAN, MPHA and granulocyte antigen typing (HNA-1a, -1b, -2a, -4a, and -5a) were performed on neonatal and maternal blood. To differentiate granulocyte antibody and HLA antibody, MPHA was also performed using HLA antibody adsorbed serum. We confirmed three cases (2.9%, 3/105) of NAN among neonates with neutropenia in which granulocyte antibody specificities (two anti-HNA-1b and one anti-HNA-1a) and fetomaternal granulocyte antigen mismatches were identified. In this study, the estimated incidence of NAN was 0.35% (3/856) among neonates admitted to NICUs in Korea.

Células y órganos del sistema inmune / Cells and organs of the immune system

Las células del sistema inmune que incluyen linfocitos, granulocitos y monocitos-macrófagos, se forman en la médula ósea a partir de células pluripotentes, a través de un proceso finamente regulado y el que participan varias citoquinas. Los granulocitos (neutrófilos, eosinófilos y basófilos) presentan particularidades morfológicas y funcionales. La principal función de los neutrófilos es su capacidad fagocítica. En el capítulo se explican los procesos de activación, quimiotaxis, fagocitosis y bacteriolisis. Las células del sistema fagocítico mononuclear (monocitos y macrófagos) tienen como función fagocitar; actividad más desarrollada en los macrófagos, que son células tisulares derivadas de los monocitos circulantes. Los linfocitos son las células que participan en la inmunidad adquirida o específica. Las células T participan en la inmunidad celular y las células B en la inmunidad humoral. Una tercera subpoblación de linfocitos, las células NK, participan en la inmunidad celular de tipo innata. Los órganos linfoides se pueden clasificar en primarios (timo y médula ósea) y secundarios (bazo, ganglios linfáticos y tejido linfoide asociado a mucosas). En el timo maduran los LT y en la médula ósea los LB. En los órganos linfoides secundarios los linfocitos y otras células del sistema inmune toman contacto con los antígenos y es en ellos donde se genera la respuesta inmune específica. En estos órganos existen zonas ricas en células T, y otras en que, principalmente, existen células B. La capacidad de los linfocitos de recircular entre los órganos linfoides secundarios, vasos linfáticos, conducto torácico y vasos sanguíneos le permiten tomar contacto con antígenos en diferentes lugares del organismo

Immuno-modulation by exercise: review.

Chronic and exhaustive exercise leads to a decline in mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in-vitro and in-vivo. This is suggestive of decrease in cellular and humoral immunity. Majority of workers are of opinion that exercise-induced immunosuppression is related to the production of glucocorticoids in response to the stress associated with exercise.