Rudimentary horn pregnancy: clinical analysis of 12 cases and literature review / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatments and fertility recovery of rudimentary horn pregnancy (RHP). Methods: The clinical data of 12 cases with RHP diagnosed and treated in Peking University Third Hospital from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical informations, diagnosis and treatments of RHP and the pregnancy status after surgery were analyzed. Results: The median age of 12 RHP patients was 29 years (range: 24-37 years). Eight cases of pregnancy in residual horn of uterus occurred in type Ⅰ residual horn of uterus, 4 cases occurred in type Ⅱ residual horn of uterus; among which 5 cases were misdiagnosed by ultrasound before surgery. All patients underwent excision of residual horn of uterus and affected salpingectomy. After surgery, 9 patients expected future pregnancy, and 3 cases of natural pregnancy, 2 cases of successful pregnancy through assisted reproductive technology. Four pregnancies resulted in live birth with cesarean section, and 1 case resulted in spontaneous abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy. No uterine rupture or ectopic pregnancy occurred in subsequent pregnancies. Conclusions: Ultrasonography could aid early diagnosis of RHP while misdiagnosis occurred in certain cases. Thus, a comprehensive judgment and decision ought to be made based on medical history, physical examination and assisted examination. Surgical exploration is necessary for diagnosis and treatment of RHP. For infertile patients, assisted reproductive technology should be applied when necessary. Caution to prevent the occurrence of pregnancy complications such as uterine rupture, and application of cesarean section to terminate pregnancy are recommended.

Uso de vasopresina y suturas transfixivas para el tratamiento quirúrgico de la gestación ectópica intersticial / Use of vasopressin and transfixive sutures for the surgical treatment of interstitial ectopic gestation

Resumen La gestación cornual, también conocida como intersticial, es una gestación ectópica infrecuente que ocurre en 1/2500 a 1/5000 de los embarazos cuando el embrión implanta en el trayecto intramiometrial de la porción proximal de la trompa. Puede debutar como shock hipovolémico en un 25% de los casos, conllevando una mortalidad de hasta un 2,5%. Mediante ecografía se encuentra un saco gestacional excéntrico y rodeado por una fina capa de miometrio. El tratamiento, en la mayoría de los casos, es quirúrgico, y el control de la hemostasia supone todo un reto. Se presentan dos casos clínicos de mujeres con diagnóstico de gestación intersticial en quienes se realizó exéresis por laparoscopia tras inyección de vasopresina, permitiendo así controlar el sangrado. En una de las pacientes se practicaron también puntos transfixivos transitorios en la arteria uterina y el ligamento útero-ovárico.

Abstract Cornual gestation, also known as interstitial, is a rare ectopic gestation that occurs in 1/2500 to 1/5000 of pregnancies when the embryo implants in the intramyometrial tract of the proximal tube. It can debut as hypovolemic shock in 25% of cases, leading to a mortality rate of up to 2.5%. Using ultrasound, we will find an eccentric gestational sac surrounded by a thin layer of myometrium. Treatment, in most cases, is surgical and control of hemostasis is a challenge. Two clinical cases are presented of women with a diagnosis of interstitial pregnancy in whom transient transfixive sutures were performed at the level of the uterine artery and uterine-ovarian ligament and injection of vasopressin prior to laparoscopic exeresis, thus allowing the bleeding to be controlled.

Embarazo ectópico en cuerno rudimentario izquierdo de útero unicorne con embarazo de 15 semanas: reporte de un caso / Ectopic pregnancy in rudimentary left horn of unicorne uterus with pregnancy of 15 weeks: a case report

INTRODUCCIÓN: El embarazo ectópico en el cuerno rudimentario de un útero unicorne tiene una incidencia de 1 en 76.000 embarazos. La aproximación diagnóstica se realiza con la ecografía y como estudio complementario con la resonancia magnética. El diagnóstico temprano con tratamiento oportuno es fundamental para la prevención de la morbimortalidad materna asociada. El objetivo es describir el diagnóstico y el tratamiento temprano de un caso de embarazo ectópico de 15 semanas en cuerno rudimentario no comunicante de útero unicorne. CASO CLÍNICO: Mujer de 38 años con embarazo de 15 semanas, asintomática, que ingresa al servicio de urgencias referida desde el servicio de ecografía por sospecha de embarazo ectópico. Se realizan ecografía y resonancia magnética que muestran embarazo con feto único de 15 semanas en cuerno uterino izquierdo rodeado de miometrio, sin comunicación con la cavidad endometrial. Con impresión diagnóstica de embarazo ectópico cornual en paciente con malformación mülleriana, se realizó manejo quirúrgico que confirmó útero unicorne con embarazo ectópico en cuerno rudimentario no comunicante. CONCLUSIONES: El embarazo ectópico en un cuerno rudimentario de útero unicorne es infrecuente y presenta un alto riesgo de rotura, con aumento de la morbimortalidad obstétrica. El tratamiento estándar, al igual que la confirmación diagnóstica, es la escisión quirúrgica completa.

INTRODUCTION: Ectopic pregnancy in the rudimentary horn of a unicornuate uterus has an incidence of 1 in 76,000 pregnancies; the diagnostic approach is carried out with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging as a complementary study; Early diagnosis with timely treatment is essential for the prevention of associated maternal morbidity and mortality. The objective is to describe the early diagnosis and treatment of a case of 15-week ectopic pregnancy in a rudimentary non-communicating horn of the unicornuate uterus. CASE REPORT: A 38-year-old patient with an asymptomatic 15-week pregnancy was admitted to the emergency department, referred to the ultrasound service for suspected ectopic pregnancy. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging were performed with pregnancy with a single fetus of 15 weeks in the left uterine horn surrounded by myometrium, without communication with the endometrial cavity. With a diagnostic impression of cornual ectopic pregnancy in a patient with a Müllerian malformation, a surgical management was performed where a unicornuate uterus with a rudimentary non-communicating ectopic horn was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: Ectopic pregnancy in rudimentary horn of the unicornuate uterus is rare, it presents a high risk of rupture with increased obstetric morbidity and mortality. The standard treatment as well as the diagnostic confirmation is complete surgical excision.

Embarazo ectópico cornual, diagnóstico y tratamiento: reporte de dos casos y revisión de la literatura / Cornual ectopic pregnancy, diagnosis and treatment: report of two cases and review of the literature

RESUMEN El embarazo cornual es un tipo de embarazo ectópico poco frecuente, caracterizado por la implantación del saco gestacional en los cuernos uterinos, cuyo diagnóstico es desafiante, ya que realizado de forma precoz disminuye considerablemente la morbimortalidad materna. En este trabajo se reportan dos casos de un embarazo cornual, ambos diagnosticados a través de una ecografía transvaginal: uno en una paciente asintomática, y el otro en una paciente cuyo síntoma principal fue metrorragia, ambos tratados exitosamente de forma quirúrgica. En la revisión describimos la incidencia, los métodos disponibles para su diagnóstico y distintas opciones de manejo del embarazo ectópico cornual de acuerdo al tiempo de evolución, además de su relación con la ley 21.030 de interrupción del embarazo en tres causales, promulgada el 2017.

ABSTRACT Cornual pregnancy is a non-frequent form of ectopic pregnancy, where the implantation of the gestational sac occurs in the uterine horns; its diagnosis is challenging, and an early diagnosis decreases the morbimortality of the mother. In this paper we report two cases of cornual pregnancy, both diagnosed with ultrasound, one of the cases is in an asymptomatic patient; the principal symptom in the second case was abnormal uterine bleeding, and both being successfully managed with surgery. In the literature review we describe the incidence, available diagnosis methods and different options for the treatment of cornual pregnancy accord to the evolution time; also its relationship with the law 21.030 of pregnancy interrumption on three grounds, published in 2017.

Cornual Pregnancy and its Management: A Case Report.

Ectopic gestation can be present at various parts of the tube; the most common site being the ampulla. If it occurs in the interstitial region, it is called cornual gestation. 2-4% of ectopic gestation can be in the cornual region. Management depends upon the time at diagnosis. Early cornual gestation can be managed medically while advanced cornual gestation needs surgery that may range from conservative to radical depending upon clinical presentation. Th e mortality rate due to rupture of a cornual pregnancy can range from 2 to 2.5% if not managed promptly. Th e high mortality rate is due to the presence of increased vascularity of the cornual region. A case report of a cornual pregnancy and its management is being presented.