Autoria, subjetividade e poder: devolução de dados em um centro de saúde na Guariroba (Ceilândia/DF) / Authority, subjectivity and power: data devolution at a primary care unit in Guariroba (Ceilândia/Federal District/Brazil)

ResumoA devolução, restituição ou compartilhamento pode significar, dentre outras possibilidades, entregar produtos aos partícipes de um empreendimento de pesquisa/extensão. A entrega de resultados não é uma prática nova na antropologia, embora ainda seja pouco usual, sistematizada e valorizada. Neste artigo, relato e discuto uma experiência de devolução de materiais de um projeto de extensão da antropologia, que foi desenvolvido dentro de um centro de saúde, na região periférica do Distrito Federal. As reações aos materiais foram muito diferentes do esperado pela equipe do projeto, mas ainda assim permitiu fazer avançar o diálogo entre os envolvidos e, mais do que isso, permitiu que o conhecimento sobre as relações de trabalho dentro dessa instituição de saúde fosse aprofundado. Não é somente porque foi logrado o aval de comitês de ética que as negociações sobre a entrada e permanência em projetos acadêmicos estão garantidas continuamente. As relações de subjetividade, poder e autoria permeiam qualquer iniciativa antropológica, antes de começá-la e muito depois de, supostamente, terminá-la.

AbstractDevolution, restitution or sharing can mean, within other possibilities, to offer products to participants of a research or an extension project. Far from a new practice in Anthropology, returning results is still unusual, little organized and valued. This paper presents and discusses a devolution experience by an extension project in Anthropology that was developed in a primary care unit in the outskirts of Distrito Federal (Brazil). Local reactions were very different from what was expected by the project's staff, but still permitted dialogue with the health professionals and, more important, deepened our knowledge about work relations in this health institution. Even though IRB approval has been granted, negotiations about starting and continuing academic projects have to be negotiated continuously. Subjectivity, power and authority permeate any anthropological initiative from its beginning and much after it supposedly has been concluded.

Socio-demographic profile of child and adolescent users of oral health services in Victoria, Australia / Perfil sociodemográfico de crianças e adolescentes usuários de serviços públicos de cuidado de saúde bucodental em Victoria, Austrália / Perfil sociodemográfico de niños y adolescentes usuarios de servicios públicos de atención en salud bucodental en Victoria, Australia

The aim of this study was to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics of the eligible population of users of public oral health care services in the Australian state of Victoria, aged 17 years or younger. The study was conducted as a secondary analysis of data collected from July 2008 to June 2009 for 45,728 young clients of public oral health care. The sample mean age was 8.9 (SD: 3.5) years. The majority (82.7%) was between 6 and 17 years of age, and 50.3% were males. The majority (76.6%) was Australian-born and spoke English at home (89.1%). The overall mean DMFT was 1.0 (SD: 2.1) teeth, with a mean dmft of 3.16 (SD: 5.79) teeth. Data indicate that, among six year olds in the Significant Caries Index (SiC) category, the mean dmft was 6.82 teeth. Findings corroborate social inequalities in oral health outcome and provide suggestions for oral health services to develop strategies and priorities to reduce inequalities in health and well-being, and better coordinate and target services to local needs.

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as características sociodemográficas de usuários do serviço público de saúde bucal no Estado de Vitória, Austrália, com até 17 anos de idade. O presente estudo é uma análise de dados secundários de 45.728 sujeitos que recorreram ao serviço público de saúde bucal entre julho de 2008 a junho de 2009. A idade média da amostra foi 8,9 (DP: 3,5) anos. A maioria dos sujeitos (82,7%) apresentava entre 6 e 17 anos de idade e 50,3% eram do gênero masculino. A maioria (76,6%) havia nascido na Austrália e falava inglês em casa (89,1%). O índice CPOD médio foi 1,0 (DP: 2,1) e o ceod 3,16 (DP: 5,79). Os dados indicam que entre as crianças de 6 anos categorizadas no Significant Caries Index (SiC), o índice ceod médio foi 6,82. Os achados demonstram desigualdade social nos desfechos de saúde bucal e fornecem sugestões para que os serviços de saúde bucal desenvolvam estratégias e prioridades para reduzir tais desigualdades na saúde e bem-estar, de forma a adequar os serviços às necessidades locais.

El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características sociodemográficas de la población de usuarios de los servicios públicos de atención odontológica, de 17 o menos años de edad, en el estado australiano de Victoria. El estudio realiza un análisis secundario de los datos de 45.728 pacientes que asistieron a los servicios de atención odontológica públicos entre julio 2008 y junio 2009. El promedio de edad de la muestra fue 8,9 (s.d. 3,5) años. La mayoría (82,7 %) tenía entre 6 y 17 años de edad, y el 50,3 % fue de sexo masculino. La mayoría (76,6%) nació en Australia y hablaba inglés en casa (89,1%). El COPD promedio fue 1.0 (s.d. 2.1) dientes, con un ceod promedio de 3,16 (s.d. 5,79) dientes. A los 6 años de edad en la categoría de Índice de Caries Significativo, el dmft promedio fue de 6.82 dientes. Los resultados confirman desigualdades sociales en salud bucodental y proporcionan sugerencias para los servicios de salud bucodental, con el fin de desarrollar estrategias y prioridades tendientes a la reducción de desigualdades en salud y bienestar.

A Phase 3, randomized, double-blind study of single-dose fosaprepitant for prevention of cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting: Results of an Indian population subanalysis.

Context: Currently, there is limited data on the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in Indian patients. Aims: This post hoc study assessed the efficacy and safety of fosaprepitant compared with aprepitant for prevention of CINV in the Indian population. A subgroup analysis was performed from data collected in a phase 3 study of intravenous (IV) fosaprepitant or oral aprepitant, plus the 5-HT 3 antagonist ondansetron and the corticosteroid dexamethasone, in cisplatin-naοve patients with solid malignancies. Materials and Methods: Patients scheduled to receive cisplatin (≥70 mg/m 2 ) were administered a single IV dose of fosaprepitant dimeglumine (150 mg) on day 1 or a 3-day dosing regimen of oral aprepitant (day 1:125 mg, days 2 and 3:80 mg) with standard doses of ondansetron and dexamethasone. Patients recorded nausea and/or vomiting episodes and their use of rescue medication and were monitored for adverse events (AEs) and tolerability. Statistical Analysis Used: Differences in response rates between fosaprepitant and aprepitant were calculated using the Miettinen and Nurminen method. Results: In the Indian subpopulation (n = 372), efficacy was similar for patients in both the fosaprepitant or aprepitant groups; complete response in the overall, acute, and delayed phases and no vomiting in all phases were approximately 4 percentage points higher in the fosaprepitant group compared with the aprepitant group. Fosaprepitant was generally well-tolerated; common AEs were similar to oral aprepitant. Conclusions: IV fosaprepitant is as safe and effective as oral aprepitant in the Indian subpopulation and offers an alternative to the oral formulation.

Ancient migration routes of Austronesian-speaking populations in oceanic Southeast Asia and Melanesia might mimic the spread of nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 癌症

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and non-recombining Y chromosome (NRY) are inherited uni-parentally from mother to daughter or from father to son respectively. Their polymorphism has initially been studied throughout populations of the world to demonstrate the "Out of Africa" hypothesis. Here, to correlate the distribution of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in different populations of insular Asia, we analyze the mtDNA information (lineages) obtained from genotyping of the hyper variable region (HVS I & II) among 1400 individuals from island Southeast Asia (ISEA), Taiwan and Fujian and supplemented with the analysis of relevant coding region polymorphisms. Lineages that best represented a clade (a branch of the genetic tree) in the phylogeny were further analyzed using complete genomic mtDNA sequencing. Finally, these complete mtDNA sequences were used to construct a most parsimonious tree which now constitutes the most up-to-date mtDNA dataset available on ISEA and Taiwan. This analysis has exposed new insights of the evolutionary history of insular Asia and has strong implications in assessing possible correlations with linguistic, archaeology, demography and the NPC distribution in populations within these regions. To obtain a more objective and balanced genetic point of view, slowly evolving biallelic Y single nucleotide polymorphism (Y-SNP) was also analyzed. As in the first step above, the technique was first applied to determine affinities (macro analysis) between populations of insular Asia. Secondly, sixteen Y short tandem repeats (Y-STR) were used as they allow deeper insight (micro analysis) into the relationship between individuals of a same region. Together, mtDNA and NRY allowed a better definition of the relational, demographic, cultural and genetic components that constitute the make up of the present day peoples of ISEA. Outstanding findings were obtained on the routes of migration that occurred along with the spread of NPC during the settlement of insular Asia. The results of this analysis will be discussed using a conceptual approach.

Comparing cancer profiles and survival of aboriginal and non-aboriginal patients in South Australia: where are the opportunities for improving Aboriginal health?

Data from the South Australian Cancer Registry (SACR) for 1977-2003 were used to calculate expected and actual distributions of cancer sites in Aboriginal versus non-Aboriginal populations. Expected distributions were calculated using indirect standardisation and compared with actual distributions using a global Chi-square test. Individual contributions to the Chi-square statistic (from each cancer site) were examined using a z-test and Bonferroni corrected p-value. The expected figure for each cancer site corresponds to the number of cancers we would have expected in Aboriginal patients if they had the same cancer distribution of site by age as the non-Aboriginal population. Expected 5- and 10-year survivals were also calculated and compared to expected survivals drawn from Statewide survivals adjusted for age at diagnosis. There was an overall significant difference in expected and actual cancer site distributions for South Australian Aboriginal male (c2 (17df) = 202.94) and female (c2 (20df) = 311.93) patients, and all patients collectively (c2 (22df) = 485.43). Aboriginal patients had poorer expected 5- and 10-year survival compared with South Australian non-Aboriginal patients, and even poorer actual 5- and 10-year survival than expected. The differences between the expected and actual cancer site distributions reflect the disparities in risk factor prevalence for largely preventable cancers and the survival results reflect the multitude of obstacles confronting Aboriginal patients with cancer compared with non-Aboriginal cancer patients. This study provides areas of focus for interventions to reduce cancer levels in the Aboriginal population and to improve survival of Aboriginal people diagnosed with cancer.

Under-nutrition affects time to recurrence of gastroenteritis among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children.

This study investigated whether under-nutrition affected time to hospitalization for recurrence of gastroenteritis in Australian children. Linked hospitalization records of all infants, born in 1995 and 1996 in Western Australia, who were admitted for gastroenteritis during their first year of life (n=1001), were retrieved. A survival frailty model was used for determining the factors influencing the recurrent times over the subsequent seven years. Aboriginality and under-nutrition were significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrence (hazard ratios of 2.59 and 1.28). Hospitalizations due to gastroenteritis were common among Aboriginal children who had a higher mean re-admission rate and much shorter intervals between re-admissions than other patients. The proportion of patients with recurrence was also significantly higher for Aboriginals (38.5%) than for other patients (14.2%). Gastroenteritis remains a serious problem in Aboriginal children. This presents a complex challenge to be addressed with public-health principles, political determination and commitment, and adequate resources.

Immune dysfunction in Australian Aborigines.

An examination of the prevalence and phenotype of immune disorders in different ethnic groups may provide important clues to the etiopathogenesis of these disorders. Whilst still conjectural the restricted and somewhat unique polymorphisms of the MHC (and other genetic loci involving host defences) of the Australian Aborigines may provide an explanation for their apparent heightened susceptibility to newly encountered infections and their resistance to many (auto) immune and allergic disorders. In comparison with non-Aboriginal Australians, Australian Aborigines have heightened frequencies of rheumatic fever, systemic lupus erythematosus, various infections and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. In contrast various autoimmune disorders (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, CREST, biliary cirrhosis, coeliac disease, pernicious anaemia, vitiligo), B27 related arthropathies, psoriasis, lymphoproliferative disorders and atopic disorders appear infrequent or absent. Similarly various autoantibodies occur with increased or diminished frequency. With continuing racial admixture, social deprivation and deleterious lifestyles of these people it is likely that further changes in both the frequencies and phenotype of these immune disorders will occur. It is only with a full understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in these immune disorders that meaningful and clinical relevant interventions will be possible.

Deciphering diversity in populations of various linguistic and ethnic affiliations of different geographical regions of India: analysis based on 15 microsatellite markers.

The extent of genetic polymorphism at fifteen autosomal microsatellite markers in 54 ethnically, linguistically and geographically diverse human populations of India was studied to decipher intrapopulation diversity. The parameters used to quantify intrapopulation diversity were average allele diversity, average heterozygosity, allele range (base pairs), and number of alleles. Multilocus genotype frequencies calculated for selected populations were utilized for testing conformity with the assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The exact test values, after Bonferroni correction, showed significant deviation amongst Gowda (vWA, Penta E); Dhangar, Satnami and Gounder (D8S1179); Hmar (FGA); Kuki and Balti (vWA) groups. Relatively low number of alleles and allelic diversity (base-pairs size) had been observed in populations of central India as compared with southern and northern regions of the country. The communities of Indo-Caucasoid ethnic origin and Indo-European linguistic family (Kshatriya of Uttar Pradesh) showed highest allelic diversity, as well as rare alleles, not reported in any other Indian populations. Analysis based on average heterozygosity was also found to be lowest among the populations of central India (0.729) and highest among the populations from north (0.777) and west (0.784) regions of the country, having Indo-Caucasoid ethnic origin and Austro-Asiatic linguistic affiliation. The maximum power of discrimination (85%-89%) had been observed at loci FGA, Penta E, D18S51 and D21S11, suggested high intrapopulation diversity in India. Genetic diversity revealed by STR markers was consistent with the known demographic histories of populations. Thus, the present study clearly demonstrated that the intrapopulation diversity is not only present at the national level, but also within smaller geographical regions of the country. This is the first attempt to understand the extent of diversity within populations of India at such a large scale at genomic level.

Cambios en la presión sanguínea y frecuencia del pulso durante la extracción dental en aborígenes Tobas / Changes in blood pressure and pulse rate during dental extraction in Toba aborigines

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los cambios en la presión sanguínea y frecuencia del pulso durante la extraccion dental en una comunidad aborigen Argentina. Un total de 40 pacientes normotensos fueron agrupados de acuerdo al tipo de tratamiento dental: grupo test (exodoncia), n=20, edad media = 34 14; grupo control (tratamiento restaurativo), n=20, edad media = 27 14. La frecuencia del pulso, la presión sistólica y diastólica fueron registradas en diferentes tiempos, antes, durante y al final del tratamiento. En todos los sujetos, el anestésico local utilizado fue carticaína al 4 por ciento con adrenalina 1:100.000. La Escala de Ansiedad Dental de Corah (EAD) fue aplicada en todos los casos con la finalidad de deterinar la relación entre la ansiedad dental y la respuesta cardiovascular. La presión sanguínea y la frecuencia del pulso se incrementaron significativamente durante la extracción dental (p < 0.01) y estos cambios estuvieron positiva y altamente correlacionados con la puntuación de la EAD. En contraste, la frecuencia del pulso y la presión sanguínea no cambiaron significativamente durante el tratamiento restaurativo, y la correlación con la puntuación de la EAD fue moderada. Estos resultados indican el efecto que la extracción dental puede tener sobre el sistema cardiovascular y la importancia de minimizar la ansiedad dental en este grupo aborigen

Comparison of bladder cancer survival among Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian and Caucasian populations in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Racial differences for bladder cancer survival have been reported for Caucasians and African-Americans. However, the survival experience of bladder cancer patients in Asian and Pacific Islander ethnic groups in the United States have not been fully explored. The purpose of this study was to compare the bladder cancer survival rates of Japanese, Chinese, Filipinos, Hawaiians and Caucasians in the U.S. population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data was from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute between 1973 and 1998. Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier's estimates were used to study differences in survival between the ethnic groups, adjusting for factors including age at diagnosis, gender, year of diagnosis, histological grade, stage, surgery type, and radiation therapy. RESULTS: The overall bladder cancer survival was 66% for Japanese patients, 64% for Chinese patients, 61% for Caucasians, 59% for Filipino patients and 52% for Hawaiian patients. Differences in bladder cancer survival rates between Japanese and Chinese populations in the United States were not observed. In the Asian population, higher relative risks and lower 5-year survival were observed with increasing age at diagnosis (p for trend<0.0001), grade (p for trend<0.0001), and stage (p for trend<0.0001). Asian women had lower survival and a higher risk of death due to bladder cancer than Asian men. CONCLUSIONS: Japanese and Chinese bladder cancer patients had higher overall survival rates than Caucasians, while Filipino and Hawaiian patients had lower survival than Caucasians.

Schistosomiasis malayensis-like infection among the Penan and other interior tribes (Orang Ulu) in upper Rejang River Basin Sarawak Malaysia.

A serosurvey of various indigenous interior tribes (Orang Ulu) in upper Rejang River Basin Sarawak Malaysia, the site of a multibillion Ringgit hydroelectric power project, found 6.8% of the individual surveyed were seropositive for schistosomiasis, as determined by ELISA method using the soluble egg antigen of Schistosoma malayensis Baling strain. In all age group, the seroprevalence rate is higher (9.5%) in males than in females (4.5%) except for the 31-40 age group. Seroprevalence of schistosomiasis was found to increase with age with the above 60 age group having the highest rate followed by the 31-40 age group. Seroprevalence rate among the tribes ranges from 4.1% among the Penan to 11.6% among the Kajang. There was no seroevidence of schistosomiasis among the Ukits. A snail survey found four snail species including Brotia species, the intermediate host of the lung fluke Paragonimus westermani, however no schistosome snail host was identified. Although schistosomiasis malayensis-like infection may be endemic in the area, its public health significance remains undetermined.

Género y salud reproductiva: escuchando a las mujeres de San Martín y Ucayali / Gender and reproductive health: listening to women from San Martin and Ucayali

Contiene: Una aproximación a las investigaciones en la región amazónica; Género, derechos humanos e interculturalidad; Aspectos metodológicos, ámbito de estudio y participantes; Mujeres shipibas; Fortalezas y áreas críticas

Compendio de legislación para los pueblos indígenas y comunidades nativas / Compendium of legislation on indigenous people and native communities

Contribuye al estudio de las diversas normas legales aplicables a los pueblos indígenas y comunidades nativas de la Amazonía peruana, así como a la comprensión de su situación de vulnerabilidad jurídico social. Los dispositivos contenidos se presentan concordados y sumillados

Prevalence of hepatitis B infection among the primitive tribes of Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, is the home of six primitive tribes. No information is available on the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among them. Hence a study was undertaken with the objective of assessing the sero-prevalence of HBV infection among the four accessible tribes of these islands. METHODS: A total of 1266 serum samples were collected from four tribes i.e., Nicobarese, Shompens, Onges and Great Andamanese and tested for the presence of HBsAg and anti-HBs. Information about different risk factors associated with HBV infection was also collected from the Nicobarese tribe. RESULTS: The overall seropositivity rate of HBsAg among the Nicobarese was 23.3 per cent (95% C.I. 21.0-25.9). Hepatitis B was also found to be an important health problem among the Shompens and Onges with HBsAg positivity of 37.8 and 31.0 per cent respectively. The age-wise distribution of these serological markers among Nicobarese tribe indicate that the infection is very common in all the age groups. The sero-prevalence was also found to be very high among the children. CONCLUSIONS & INTERPRETATION: The findings of the present study indicate that hepatitis B infection is hyper endemic among the primitive tribes of these islands. Though none of the risk factors studied in the Nicobarese was found to be significantly associated with HBV infection, the fact that almost 20 per cent of the women in the reproductive age group were positive for HBsAg indicates the possibility of vertical transmission among the Nicobarese. Further studies are required to find out other modes of transmission.

Prevalencia de asma bronquial en la comunidad toba de la ciudad de Rosario / Prevalence of bronchial asthma in aborigen toba community from Rosario

Antecedentes: el asma bronquial (AB) es una enfermedad de alta frecuencia de presentación en la ciudad de Rosario. Sin embargo, poco se conoce acerca de su prevalencia dentro de la comunidad aborigen Toba que reside en esta ciudad, producto de migraciones internas realizadas principalmente en los últimos años. Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de AB en esta comunidad que posee características endogámicas. Material y método: se realizaron 604 encuestas utilizando un cuestionario de "Salud Respiratoria", a personas de la etnia Toba que habitan en un sector de la zona oeste de la ciudad, seleccionando los hogares a encuestar, en forma aleatoria con muestreo sistemático. La muestra fue dividida en 4 grupos etarios: 1-5 años (n = 117); 6-12 años (n = 156); 13-18 años (n = 83) y 19-50 años (n = 248). El 52 por ciento eran de sexo femenino. Resultados: se observan en la siguiente tabla (los datos corresponden a los últimos 12 meses y estan expresados en porcentajes):... El 6,9 por ciento del total de los encuestados refirió antecedentes familiares de atopia y sólo el 5,2 por ciento se encuentra recibiendo tratamiento para el asma. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de AB hallada en la comunidad Toba de la ciudad de Rosario fue inferior a la encontrada por otros autores en los niños y adolescentes de la población general. En el grupo de mayores de 18 años ésta fue superior a la de la comunidad no Toba

Aspectos socio-culturales y necesidades de salud reproductiva en comunidades nativas: Estudio de investigación / Socio cultural aspects y reproductive health need in native communities

El propósito del proyecto es mejorar el acceso de las poblaciones nativas a los servicios de salud y mejorar las condiciones de vida. El ámbito es en los departamentos de Junín, Huánuco, San Martín, Loreto, Amazonas, Madre de Dios y Ucayali. El proyecto busca adecuar los servicios a las expectativas culturales diseñando material educativo acorde

Prevalencia de obesidad, hipertensión arterial y dislipidemia en grupos aborígenes rurales de Chile / Prevalence of obesity, hypertension and serum lipid profiles in chilean rural aboriginal communities

Background: Chilean aboriginal ethnic groups (mapuche and aymaras) have a very low prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes. The investigation of a possible relationship between this low prevalence of diabetes and obesity, hypertension and serum lipid profiles in both groups is worthwhile. Aim: To study the prevalence of obesity, hypertension and lipid profile in two chilean aboriginal communities. Subjects and Methods: The prevalence of obesity, hypertension, fasting serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, leptin and oral glucose tolerance test were measured in 345 mapuche (106 male) and 247 aymara (100 male) individuals. Results: Sixty three percent of mapuche women, 37.9 percent of mapuche men, 39.7 percent of the aymara women and 27.0 percent of aymara men had a body mass index over 27 kg/m2. Twenty percent of mapuche men, 18.0 percent of mapuche women, 9.0 percent of aymara men and 4.8 percent of the aymara women had high blood pressure values. Serum HDL cholesterol was below 35 mg/dl in 16 percent of mapuche women, 14 percent of mapuche men, 25 percent of the aymara women and 27 percent of aymara men. No differences in total cholesterol levels were observed between mapuches and aymaras. Conclusion: Mapuche women have higher prevalence of obesity and high blood pressure than aymara women. Low serum HDL cholesterol has a higher prevalence among aymara individuals

Taller de Liderazgo dirigido a: mujeres líderes del movimiento indígena Nicaraguense 1999 / Leadership workhop directed to: leader women of the indigenous movement Nicaraguense 1999

Presenta Taller de liderazgo con mujeres líderes del movimiento indígena del Centro, Norte y Pacífico de Nicaragua a fin de que las dirigentes profundizaran en un proceso de autoanálisis que conlleve a la identificación de los ejes a impulsar para un eficiente accionar de su movimiento. Asimismo, potenciar las fuerzas para que a partir de ese reconocimiento iniciar un proceso de cambio a tres niveles: persona, grupal o de equipos técnicos departamentales y a nivel de todo el programa. El objetivo del presente documentos es presentar de forma resumida el desarrrollo de la actividad, así como los elementos centrales que afloraron durante los dos días de trabajo, donde las mujeres líderes tuvieron la oportunidad de conocerse más así mismas, adquirir nuevo conocimientos y técnicas de trabajo en equipo, desarrollar algunas habilidades y preparse para el cambio de que desean hacer dentro del movimiento

HIV/AIDS research priorities among aboriginal people in Canada

Aunque el número de casos de sida se ha nivelado en el Canadá en el último decenio, muchos factores indican que la enfermedad ha seguido teniendo un impacto creciente en las poblaciones aborígenes del país. Para hacer frente a la situación y adjudicar más adecuadamente los futuros gastos en investigación, el sistema federal Health Canada publicó un informe en septiembre de 1998 en el que se detallan los conocimientos actuales sobre la situación del VIH y sida en los aborígenes del Canadá, lo que aún se desconoce y la orientación que deben tener las investigaciones realizadas de ahora en adelante. Se hizo una revisión de la literatura en MEDLINE y otras bases de datos bibliográficas, se revisaron los informes de reuniones y simposios y se preguntó a los investigadores el estado de aquellos proyectos que aún no habían acabado o publicado. La información así obtenida se organizó en tres secciones: la carga de VIH y sida, los factores determinantes y de riesgo y las intervenciones. El documento está destinado a ser un trabajo en continuo desarrollo y se actualizará periódicamente para que abarque los resultados de investigaciones adicionales